Topic
Pyrolysis
About: Pyrolysis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 833524 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the operating pyrolysis parameters on the activated carbon was investigated in particular, and the optimum conditions were a temperature of 600°C, hold time of 2h, nitrogen flow rate of 150 cm 3 /min and heating rate of 10°C/min.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties of miscanthus (Miscanthus ¼ Giganteus) biochar and on its short-term stability was investigated.
Abstract: The thermal conversion (pyrolysis) of biomass for energy production and the incorporation into agricultural soils of the carbon-rich byproduct (biochar) can contribute to the mitigation of climate change. The beneficial effect of biochar on soil fertility and its stability to degradation depends on the interactions of soil and climatic conditions with biochar physicochemical properties, the latter mainly depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties of miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) biochar and on its short-term stability. Biochar properties were assessed by FTIR spectroscopy, CHN-elemental and simultaneous thermogravimetry (STA) analyses and the short-term stability in a 6-month incubation experiment. All the analytical techniques indicated a threshold value of pyrolysis temperature of 360 °C, above which the thermal and biological resistance to degradation increased dramatically. FTIR spectroscopy showed characteristic absorption bands of cellulose and hemicelluloses (1000–1200 cm−1) in the low-temperature biochars that disappeared in high-temperature biochars. In these latter the absorption peaks associated with aromatic structures increased as confirmed by the decrease of both O/C and H/C ratios. This finding agrees with the STA results showing an increase of DTG temperature peak for high pyrolysis temperatures biochars. The incubation experiment confirmed an increased resistance to biological decomposition of biochar produced at temperatures above 360 °C. The results of the present study demonstrate that biochar thermal and biological stability is affected by pyrolysis temperature in a nonlinear manner.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the capacity of the conical spouted bed reactor for minimizing the reactions of bio-oil transformation into gases was investigated. But the results obtained proved that the low residence time of the volatiles in the reactor is due to the catalytic activity of the ash in the sludge.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this article, controlled heating of sucrose chars and other precursor materials was carried out in an inert environment with an excess of potassium or sodium hydroxide Initially, the precursor materials were subjected to a regulated temperature-time profile to elevated temperatures (400-900°C) and subsequently cooled The products were then exposed either to an atmosphere of methanol vapour or to the air.
168 citations
TL;DR: A high sensitivity to biomass yield increase is found for biochar systems, and biochar application to low-quality soils where high yield increases are expected would show a more favorable performance in terms of global warming.
Abstract: The application of biochar as a soil amendment is a potential strategy for carbon sequestration. In this paper, a slow pyrolysis system for generating heat and biochar from lignocellulosic energy crops is simulated and its life-cycle performance compared with that of direct biomass combustion. The use of the char as biochar is also contrasted with alternative use options: cofiring in coal power plants, use as charcoal, and use as a fuel for heat generation. Additionally, the influence on the results of the long-term stability of the biochar in the soil, as well as of biochar effects on biomass yield, is evaluated. Negative greenhouse gas emissions are obtained for the biochar system, indicating a significant carbon abatement potential. However, this is achieved at the expense of lower energy efficiency and higher impacts in the other assessed categories when compared to direct biomass combustion. When comparing the different use options of the pyrolysis char, the most favorable result is obtained for char cofiring substituting fossil coal, even assuming high long-term stability of the char. Nevertheless, a high sensitivity to biomass yield increase is found for biochar systems. In this sense, biochar application to low-quality soils where high yield increases are expected would show a more favorable performance in terms of global warming.
168 citations