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Pyrolysis

About: Pyrolysis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 833524 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used headspace thermal desorption coupled with capillary gas chromatographic mass spectrometry to identify sorbed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on biochar.

424 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the catalytic pyrolysis of switchgrass and its three main components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) over H-ZSM5 catalyst.

422 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of pyrolysis temperature on two important soil hydrologic properties, namely field capacity and hydrophobicity, was investigated. And they found that both properties can be controlled by choice of pyrotechnic temperature, and that 400°C-600°C produced biochars with the most desirable hydrological properties.
Abstract: Adding charcoal to soil (biochar soil amendment) can sequester carbon and improve soil performance, although the extent and exact mechanisms of soil improvement are not clear. Additionally, biochar properties can vary significantly with production conditions. Here we characterize the impact of pyrolysis temperature on two important soil hydrologic properties: field capacity and hydrophobicity. We show that pure biochar exhibits a wide range in both properties depending on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We find that both properties can be controlled by choice of pyrolysis temperature; 400 °C–600 °C produced biochars with the most desirable hydrological properties (peak field capacity and minimum hydrophobicity). Further, we show that hydrophobicity is strongly correlated ( R 2 = 0.87; p

419 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the catalytic processes of converting waste plactics into fuels is presented, highlighting the remarkable achievements of this field and the milestones that need to be achieved in the future.
Abstract: The thermal and catalytic processes of converting waste plactics into fuels are promising techniques to eliminate the refuse which otherwise is harmful to the enivironment, and decrease the dependence on fossil fuels. Thermal degradation decomposes plastic into three fractions: gas, crude oil, and solid residue. Crude oil from non-catalytic pyrolysis is usually composed of higher boiling point hydrocarbons. The optimization of conversion parameters such as the choice of catalyst, reactor design, pyrolysis temperature, and plastic-to-catalyst ratio plays a very important role in the efficient generation of gasoline and diesel grade fuel. The use of a catalyst for thermal conversion lowers the energy required for conversion, and the catalyst choice is important for efficient fuel production. The suitable selection of catalysts can increase the yield of crude oil with lower hydrocarbon content. Co-pyrolysis of plastics with coal or shale oil improves crude oil quality by decreasing its viscosity. A large number of publications have appeared on various processes, and continued improvements and/or innovations are expected in the future. Further investigations on the catalytic systems are required in order to advance the field, particularly to enhance the added value of fuels and to minimize the use of energy. This review aims to provide both the highlights of the remarkable achievements of this field and the milestones that need to be achieved in the future.

419 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the use of noble metal-based catalysts for the steam reforming of a few model compounds and that of an actual bio-oil and found that the Pt/ceria-zirconia sample showed essentially constant activity, while extensive carbonaceous deposits were observed on the quartz reactor walls.
Abstract: The production of hydrogen by steam reforming of bio-oils obtained from the fast pyrolysis of biomass requires the development of efficient catalysts able to cope with the complex chemical nature of the reactant. The present work focuses on the use of noble metal-based catalysts for the steam reforming of a few model compounds and that of an actual bio-oil. The steam reforming of the model compounds was investigated in the temperature range 650–950 °C over Pt, Pd and Rh supported on alumina and a ceria–zirconia sample. The model compounds used were acetic acid, phenol, acetone and ethanol. The nature of the support appeared to play a significant role in the activity of these catalysts. The use of ceria–zirconia, a redox mixed oxide, lead to higher H 2 yields as compared to the case of the alumina-supported catalysts. The supported Rh and Pt catalysts were the most active for the steam reforming of these compounds, while Pd-based catalysts poorly performed. The activity of the promising Pt and Rh catalysts was also investigated for the steam reforming of a bio-oil obtained from beech wood fast pyrolysis. Temperatures close to, or higher than, 800 °C were required to achieve significant conversions to CO x and H 2 (e.g., H 2 yields around 70%). The ceria–zirconia materials showed a higher activity than the corresponding alumina samples. A Pt/ceria–zirconia sample used for over 9 h showed essentially constant activity, while extensive carbonaceous deposits were observed on the quartz reactor walls from early time on stream. In the present case, no benefit was observed by adding a small amount of O 2 to the steam/bio-oil feed (auto-thermal reforming, ATR), probably partly due to the already high concentration of oxygen in the bio-oil composition.

419 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20241
20233,262
20226,570
20212,345
20202,434
20192,411