Topic
Pyrolysis
About: Pyrolysis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 833524 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of thermochemical liquefaction and slow pyrolysis processes for producing bio-oil from algae is presented, showing that TCL resulted in higher biooil yields, lower char yields, and lower energy consumption ratio compared to pyropolymerization.
Abstract: Bio-oil is the liquid product of thermochemical liquefaction or pyrolysis of biomass. Thermochemical liquefaction (TCL) is a low temperature (250–350 °C) and high pressure (5–20 MPa) process particularly suited for high moisture feedstocks, whereas pyrolysis is accomplished at moderate to high temperatures (400–600 °C) and atmospheric pressure and requires drying of the feedstock. In this paper, we present experimental results that provide a critical comparison of TCL and slow pyrolysis processes for producing bio-oil from algae. TCL experiments were performed in a 1.8-L Parr reactor using algae slurry (80% moisture) and pyrolysis runs were carried out in an 8-L mild steel cubical reactor, using dried algal powder as received (∼4% moisture). Yields and composition of bio-oil, char, gases, and aqueous phase were evaluated and compared for TCL and pyrolysis. TCL resulted in higher bio-oil yields (∼41%), lower char yields (∼6.3%), and lower energy consumption ratio compared to pyrolysis, which resulted in 23...
343 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a liquefaction process was proposed to depolymerize natural biopolymer lignin into a liquid bio-oil with a very low oxygen content, suitable as a blending component to be combined with conventional fossil fuels for motor fuel applications.
Abstract: This paper reports a novel liquefaction process that is capable of depolymerizing the natural biopolymer lignin into a liquid bio-oil with a very low oxygen content, suitable as a blending component to be combined with conventional fossil fuels for motor fuel applications. During the conversion, both depolymerization and removal of oxygen by formation of water occur in a single step. Formic acid serves as both the hydrogen donor and reaction medium in the pyrolysis/solvolysis process. Using an alcohol as cosolvent can improve the liquid yields and H/C ratios. Very little coke (5%) is produced. The liquids produced comprise two easily separable phases, where the lighter organic phase consists mainly of low molecular weight alkylphenols and C8−C10 aliphatics. The process is developed to be combined with ethanol production from lignocellulosic carbohydrates in a biorefinery concept aimed at converting all fractions of the wood into renewably sourced liquid fuels.
343 citations
TL;DR: The novel synthesis of 3D graphitic carbon networks through the pyrolysis of nanosized ZIF-67 crystals is reported, which shows excellent electrochemical performance for the insertion and extraction of potassium ions.
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) networks of graphitic carbon are promising materials for energy storage and conversion devices because of their high electrical conductivity, which is promoted by the good interconnection between the carbon particles. However, it is still difficult to directly synthesize such carbon networks. Herein, we report the novel synthesis of 3D graphitic carbon networks through the pyrolysis of nanosized ZIF-67 crystals. Interestingly, the unusual effect of downsizing the ZIF-67 crystals and the incorporation of catalytic Co nanoparticles was the spontaneous formation of graphitic networks. The obtained graphitic carbon networks show excellent electrochemical performance for the insertion and extraction of potassium ions.
343 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a pyrolysis of photoresists at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1100°C was used to obtain a carbon film with a smooth surface and unusual surface chemistry.
Abstract: Photopatterned resists pyrolyzed at different temperatures and different ambient atmospheres can be used as a carbonaceous material for microelectromechanical systems. Carbon films were prepared by pyrolysis of photoresists at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1100°C. The carbon films were characterized by several analytical techniques, viz., profilometry, thermogravimetric analysis. four-point probe measurements, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, cyclic voltammetry was performed on the carbon film electrodes, and the carbon films were compared to glassy carbon (GC for their electrochemical behavior. Electron-transfer rate constants for the benchmark Fe(CN) 3-/4- 6 and Ru(NH 3 ) 3+/2+ 6 redox systems increased with increasing heat-treatment temperature and approached those observed on GC following-treatment at 1100°C. The pyrolyzed films have low capacitance and background current, approximately one-fourth of that observed on GC. The oxygenicarbon atomic ratio determined from XPS was low (∼1% for I 100°C pretreatment), and increased more slowly upon exposure to air than that for GC treated under identical conditions. Pyrolysis of photoresist films permits photolithographic fabrication of carbon electrode devices, and also appears to yield a carbon film with a smooth surface and unusual surface chemistry.
342 citations
TL;DR: In this article, pyrolysis of acetylene over iron/silica substrates is an effective method with which to produce very long, multiwalled carbon nanotubes that reach about 2 mm in length.
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes1 can now be produced in large quantities by either arc methods2,3 or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons4,5. Here we report that pyrolysis of acetylene over iron/silica substrates is an effective method with which to produce very long, multiwalled carbon nanotubes that reach about 2 mm in length, which is an order of magnitude longer than that described in most previous reports1,2,3,4,5,.
341 citations