Pyrolysis

About: Pyrolysis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 34918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 833524 citations.

Catalytic molten metals for the direct conversion of methane to hydrogen and separable carbon

Abstract: Metals that are active catalysts for methane (Ni, Pt, Pd), when dissolved in inactive low–melting temperature metals (In, Ga, Sn, Pb), produce stable molten metal alloy catalysts for pyrolysis of methane into hydrogen and carbon. All solid catalysts previously used for this reaction have been deactivated by carbon deposition. In the molten alloy system, the insoluble carbon floats to the surface where it can be skimmed off. A 27% Ni–73% Bi alloy achieved 95% methane conversion at 1065°C in a 1.1-meter bubble column and produced pure hydrogen without CO 2 or other by-products. Calculations show that the active metals in the molten alloys are atomically dispersed and negatively charged. There is a correlation between the amount of charge on the atoms and their catalytic activity.

Analysis of products from the pyrolysis and liquefaction of single plastics and waste plastic mixtures

Abstract: Waste plastics in the form of two examples of real world municipal solid waste plastics and a simulated mixture of municipal waste plastics were pyrolysed and liquefied under moderate temperature and pressure in a batch autoclave reactor. In addition, the five main polymers which constitute the majority of plastics occurring in European municipal solid waste comprising, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride were also reacted. The plastics were reacted under both a nitrogen (pyrolysis) and hydrogen pressure (liquefaction) and the yield and composition of products are reported. The hydrocarbon gases produced were mainly methane, ethane, propane and lower concentrations of alkene gases. A mainly oil product was produced with the mixed plastic waste with significant concentrations of aromatic compounds, including single ring aromatic compounds. The composition of the oils and gases suggested that there was significant interaction of the plastics when they were pyrolysed and liquefied as a mixture compared to the results expected from reactions of the single plastics.

Effects of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin on the Structure and Morphology of Porous Carbons

Abstract: Porous carbon materials stemming from biomass have drawn increasing interest because of their sustainable properties. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the three basic components of crude biomass, and were investigated to reveal their influence on the derived carbonaceous materials. Huge amounts of oxygen-containing functional groups in cellulose and hemicellulose tend to be eliminated as H2O, CO2, and CO and give micropores during pyrolysis, whereas lignin contains plentiful aromatic units which are chemically inert, and thus produce nonporous carbon materials. When the KHCO3 was introduced during the pyrolysis process, the plentiful hydroxyl in cellulose and hemicellulose underwent dehydration condensation among different parent polymers, which are responsible for the formation of macroporous structure. By contrast, The β-O-4 bands in lignin experience homolysis and give rise to benzene-containing units, which finally result in carbon nanosheets. Furthermore, we demonstrated the mixture of cellul...