Showing papers on "Qualitative research published in 1985"
Book•
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review basic issues of theory and method in approaches to research on teaching that are alternatively called ethnographic, qualitative, participant observational, case study, symbolic interactionist, phenomenological, constructivist, or interpretive.
Abstract: This chapter reviews basic issues of theory and method in approaches to research on teaching that are alternatively called ethnographic, qualitative, participant observational, case study, symbolic interactionist, phenomenological, constructivist, or interpretive. These approaches are all slightly different, but each bears strong family resemblance to the others. The set of related approaches is relatively new in the field of research on teaching. The approaches have emerged as significant in the decade of the 1960s in England and in the 1970s in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Germany. Because interest in these approaches is so recent, the previous editions of the Handbook of Research on Teaching do not contain a chapter devoted to participant observational research. Accordingly, this chapter attempts to describe r~s and their theoretical _nresup~s in considerable detail and does not attempt an exhaustive review of the rapidly growing literature in the field. Such a review will be appropriate for the next edition of this handbook. From this point on I will use the term interpretive to refer to the whole family of approaches to participant observational research. I adopt this term for three reasons: (a) It is more inclusive than many of the others (e.g., ethnography, case study); (b) W Blake
4,382 citations
742 citations
TL;DR: The issues of epistemology, methodology, and ethics for two prototypes of the qualitative-quantitative continuum are addressed and recommendations are made for nursing research which rely on both approaches.
Abstract: Nursing research has not evolved with immunity from the qualitative-quantitative debate which has surrounded the behavioural and social sciences. The outcome of this debate should be better nursing science since researchers are forced to face and address the controversial issues. Attaining this goal requires researchers to debate the issues with a knowledge of epistemology and methodology and not blind devotion to the tradition of the hard sciences. This paper addresses the issues of epistemology, methodology, and ethics for two prototypes of the qualitative-quantitative continuum. Grounded theory explains the issues of qualitative research: the search for meaning, the inclusion of environmental factors, the depth of data, and the treatment of participants as subjects. The true experiment, the epitomy of the quantitative approach, seeks to identify existing truths by isolating the significant variables and controlling for contaminating factors. Based on these arguments, recommendations are made for nursing research which rely on both approaches.
171 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the role of qualitative family research and found that although it has a long and impressive heritage, it generally is ignored by contemporary social scientists, and that the failure of scholars, as of late, to recognize this simple fact seriously undermines the progress of family social science.
Abstract: Using historical and content analysis, we examine the role of qualitative family research andfind that, although it has a long and impressive heritage, it generally is ignored by contemporary social scientists. The argument is made that qualitative as well as quantitative research are indispensible and that the failure of scholars, as of late, to recognize this simple fact seriously undermines the progress of family social science.
112 citations
90 citations
TL;DR: Focus group interviews, a form of qualitative research used in social marketing, were used to gather information from the adolescent participants to ensure that the program would reflect the needs and interests of the target population.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to gather data that would be applied to the design of an adolescent smoking prevention program. Focus group interviews, a form of qualitative research used in social marketing, were used to gather information from the adolescent participants to ensure that the program would reflect the needs and interests of the target population. The participants consisted of sixth graders from urban and rural areas, and black and white populations of low socioeconomic status. A total of eight focus groups was conducted with eight participants in each focus group. Activities such as auctions, roleplays, and guided discussions were carried out to learn about participant likes, dislikes, values, ideas, and abilities to turn down cigarettes. Following substantiation by a quantitative evaluation, this information was incorporated into the program and materials to ensure the maximum effectiveness of the intervention.
TL;DR: In this article, a qualitative study of the teacher labor market suggests that problems and remedies generated by quantitative research fail to capture the most dynamic variables which are affecting the supply and demand of public school teachers.
Abstract: Qualitative studies of the teacher labor market suggest that problems and remedies generated by quantitative research fail to capture the most dynamic variables which are affecting the supply and demand of public school teachers. For example, quantitative research has not accounted for (1) the continual exiting and reentering of urban teachers, (2) the considerable bifurcation between urban and rural teacher labor markets as reflected in teacher mobility and cultural economic opportunities, (3) local definitions of labor market needs and teacher quality, and (4) the demanding and stressful working conditions of teaching, which are having a systemic and adverse effect on the occupation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a specific procedure for conducting focus groups, potential industrial applications for the research technique, guidelines for making decisions about selecting moderators, establishing objectives, recruiting study participants, and controlling costs.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This article introduces focus group research, reviews the technique from conceptual and methodological perspectives, sets forth a suggested framework for the conduct of such research, and provides an illustrative example of its use in the health care field.
Abstract: Focus group research is a qualitative research tool gaining in popularity today. An area of potential application for this tool is the health care industry. This article introduces focus group research, reviews the technique from conceptual and methodological perspectives, sets forth a suggested framework for the conduct of such research, and provides an illustrative example of its use in the health care field.
TL;DR: An overview of qualitative methods, an analysis of the relationship between qualitative and quantitative approaches in social and cultural research, and a brief discussion of the issues of reliability, validity, and researcher objectivity in qualitative research are presented.
Abstract: Recent occupational therapy literature has pointed to significant similarities in the principles of qualitative research methods and the underlying assumptions and values of our profession. This article presents an overview of qualitative methods, an analysis of the relationship between qualitative and quantitative approaches in social and cultural research, and a brief discussion of the issues of reliability, validity, and researcher objectivity in qualitative research. The application of qualitative methods in a research project on juvenile arthritis is used to illustrate an exploration of the importance of such methods to occupational therapy theory and practice.
TL;DR: The authors argued that psychology should aim more at being a descriptive science rather than an explanatory one, which is compatible with both a phenomenological approach and a behaviorist approach to research in psychology, despite these two schools' adherence to inherently contrasting philosophical traditions.
Abstract: Serious consideration is given to the possibility that the traditional quantitative research orientation in psychology can no longer be considered the panacea that it was once believed to be. It is argued that any research approach, such as a quantitative one, that gives priority to the methodology as opposed to the phenomenon is based both on faulty causal status conceptualization and on inappropriate ontological reduction. Consequently, it is argued that psychology should aim more at being a descriptive science rather than an explanatory one. This stance is compatible with both a phenomenological approach and a behaviorist approach to research in psychology, despite these two schools’ adherence to inherently contrasting philosophical traditions. The traditional research modus operandi is compared with that offered by a qualitative approach. Concrete examples of such research are provided. The paper concludes by outlining a definite and programmed series of steps considered fundamental to any form of rigorous qualitative research.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Although recent publications and conference presentations provide evidence that special educators are interested in new ways of doing research, alternatives to traditional quantitative research pra... as mentioned in this paper have also been proposed for special education.
Abstract: Although recent publications and conference presentations provide evidence that special educators are interested in new ways of doing research, alternatives to traditional quantitative research pra...
TL;DR: A Delphi study conducted by Hampton and van Gent as discussed by the authors found that research on topics such as industrial marketing, international marketing, and marketing planning were unlikely to receive due attention because academic journals show a clear preference for quantitative or fundamental research papers that follow the classic social science tradition, and these subjects do not easily lend themselves to the building of mathematical models or to basic research.
Abstract: A Delphi study, conducted in 1982 by Hampton and van Gent [1] on the problems and challenges of research on international marketing in the '80s and beyond, canvassed the views of leading teachers and investigators around the world concerned with international marketing. One view that emerged was that research on topics such as industrial marketing, international marketing, and marketing planning were unlikely to receive due attention because academic journals show a clear preference for quantitative or fundamental research papers that follow the classic social science tradition, and these subjects do not easily lend themselves to the building of mathematical models or to basic research. There are a number of reasons for this, among them that (1) there is not much literature from which to draw hypotheses; (2) it is
TL;DR: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are optimally combined in efforts to analyze complex social entities such as the community, and qualitative methodology highlights the community's own portrayal of health and illness.
Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are optimally combined in efforts to analyze complex social entities such as the community. This is an area in which public health nurses can make a significant contribution. As well as emphasizing the cultural and ecologic dimensions, qualitative methodology highlights the community's own portrayal of health and illness. Specific qualitative techniques that are integral to the public health nurse's community practice include obsevation, informal interviews, case studies, mapping, and photography.
TL;DR: The authors examined the processes involved in the production of a sociological interview especially, although not exclusively, at the level of conversational interaction by focussing attention on to one specific piece of empirical work.
Abstract: Denzin has noted that the interview is a ‘conversational production, anticipated in the investigator's mind and imagination, but realised only in the world of conversational interaction’ (1970:188) This article aims to examine the processes involved in the production of a sociological interview especially, although not exclusively, at the level of conversational interaction By focussing attention on to one specific piece of empirical work,(1) I hope to provide a balance to other more general appraisals of the interview method (eg Richardson, 1965; Denzin, 1970; Brenner, 1978) The article attempts to further our understanding of the contextual production of sociological data
TL;DR: In this article, a two-year study using qualitative research methods to assess the training needs of science teachers in southern Florida was conducted, which resulted in recommendations describing the desired state for graduate training leading to a master's degree in science education and has implications for noncredit inservice activities.
Abstract: This is the report of a two-year study using qualitative research methods to assess the training needs of science teachers in southern Florida. The respondents included individuals and groups comprising the educational enterprise and those outside the enterprise with the ability to influence policy in science education and implementation of that policy in Florida. The study resulted in recommendations describing the desired state for graduate training leading to a master's degree in science education and has implications for noncredit inservice activities.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: For example, when an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication o f either blurred copy because o f movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should no t have been filmed.
Abstract: 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication o f either blurred copy because o f movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should no t have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: Rothe pladiert dafur, in der Fernstudienforschung moglichst unterschiedliche Sichtweisen and unterstunden methodologische Forschungsansatze miteinander zu verbinden as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Rothe pladiert dafur, in der Fernstudienforschung moglichst unterschiedliche Sichtweisen und unterschiedliche methodologische Forschungsansatze miteinander zu verbinden. Diese unterschiedlichen Ansatze mussten dabei als einander erganzende komlementare Zugangsweisen der Erkenntnis gesehen werden und durften auch nicht einfach unverbunden nebeneinander verwendet werden. Um ein komplexes Geschehen (wie z.B. die Interaktion zwischen Mentoren und Studierenden) umfassend analysieren und verstehen zu konnen, reiche es beispielsweise nicht aus, aus der Perspektive einer bestimmten Theorie (und damit quasi aus einer Ausensicht) Erklarungen heranzuziehen und Daten zu analysieren, die in bestimmter Weise gezielt zur Uberprufung der theoretischen Aussagen erhoben worden sind; zu einem umfassenderen Verstandnis sei es notwendig, zumindest auch die Innensicht der involvierten Akteure in dieser Situation mit zu berucksichtigen. Rothe konkretisiert seine Vorstellungen mit einem Vorschlag eines „complementary design“ fur eine Untersuchung der Mentor-Lerner-Beziehung an der FernUniversitat, in dem er versucht, unterschiedliche Perspektiven und unterschiedliche methodologische Ansatze zu einem umfassenden Gesamtansatz zu integrieren.
TL;DR: Questions such as selecting cases, history, maturation and the characteristics of the older subject are briefly described and a plea is made that more development and sharing of research problems and solutions be undertaken.
Abstract: Small scale qualitative research with older adults is conducted frequently but little has been written on the difficulties and considerations of doing this type of gerontological research. Some of the concerns such as selecting cases, history, maturation and the characteristics of the older subject are briefly described. A plea is made that more development and sharing of research problems and solutions be undertaken.