Showing papers on "Qualitative research published in 1986"

The problem of rigor in qualitative research.

Abstract: There are few explicit discussions in nursing literature of how qualitative research can be made as rigorous as it is relevant to the perspective and goals of nursing. Four factors complicate the debate about the scientific merits of qualitative research: the varieties of qualitative methods, the la

Nursing Research: A Qualitative Perspective

Abstract: Designed for nursing research students and nurses conducting qualitative studies, this text exemplifies qualitative methods with case studies, ethnography, and phenomenology.

Library Anxiety: A Grounded Theory and Its Development

Abstract: This qualitative study explored the feelings of students about using the library for research. Personal writing, collected in beginning composition courses over a two-year period, was analyzed for recurrent themes. It was found that 75 to 85 percent of the students in these courses described their initial response to library research in terms of fear. Three concepts emerged from these descriptions: (1) students generally feel that their own library-use skills are inadequate while the skills of other students are adequate, (2) the inadequacy is shameful and should be hidden, and (3) the inadequacy would be revealed by asking questions. A grounded theory of library anxiety was constructed from these data.

A combined qualitative methodology for nursing research.

Abstract: Aspects of grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology were combined to provide a nursing research methodology to be used in describing the human experience of miscarriage and the caring needs of women who miscarry. Rather than focus on findings, this article details the step-by-step process the researcher used to move from initial curiosity to the sharing of discovered categories. The combined qualitative strategy is offered as a methodology that is congruent with the conceptualization of nursing as a human science concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems.

The Interaction of Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Research: A View of the Second Language Classroom

Abstract: Both qualitative and quantitative approaches to research on second language learning are considered, with the special case of second language classroom research being used for illustration. It is evident that both approaches are relevant to determining (a) the important variables to investigate and (b) the relationships those variables have to second language learning outcomes.

Research Training Environments and Student Productivity An Exploratory Study

Abstract: During the summer of 1984, APA-approved counseling psychology programs were surveyed about their research training practices. Although the programs view themselves as placing greater emphasis on the practitioner as opposed to the scientist aspects of training, many current students do publish research and/or present research findings at professional meetings. When the programs were categorized into high and low productive based on students publishing and presenting research during 1983-1984, several variables differentiated the categories. High productive programs tended to involve students in research early in training, required them to participate in research teams or to complete research apprenticeships, more strongly encouraged student research presentation and publication, and were more likely to provide typing for student manuscripts. They also placed greater emphasis on philosophy of science, gave more exposure to qualitative research, and were less likely to approve correlational/ex post facto res...

Educational Research: A Personal and Social Process:

Abstract: Sources for thinking about and doing new paradigm research are reviewed. The discussion includes a large variety of nontraditional approaches that directly address the role of subjectivity and consensus in research. Sources include literature on traditional research methods, qualitative methods, humanistic psychology, and action research. The review is organized in terms of the personal and social processes that affect an investigator, including a consideration of how our construction of reality depends on the methods of study we choose.

Qualitative "Versus" Quantitative Methods in Social Research

Abstract: The perennial controversy over quantitative and qualitative methods is addressed from an empirical point of view rather than as a purely methodological or epistemological question. Consideration of empirical findings leads to rejection of the prevailing views that social science is either nomothetic or idiographic and that a significant methodological distinction can be drawn between quantitative and qualitative methods in social research. As a consequence, quantitative and qualitative methods are seen as inherently complementary, and the question of objectivity in social science is viewed, not as a matter of following "correct" procedure, but rather as an issue dealt with as a practical matter by researchers in terms of internal and external coherence.

The use of qualitative methodology in child health research.

Abstract: The present article compares the quantitative and qualitative approaches, describes selected qualitative methodologies, and presents a rationale for using these techniques in children's health research. An example is given of a study that combined the two methodolgies in order to understand the experiences of well children during routine health care.

New methods for old-age research : strategies for studying diversity

Abstract: Comparative and qualitative methods are greatly needed in research on old age. This books goal is to develop this conviction into strategies for collection of qualitative data about aging. Each chapter argues for the significance of a specific kind of data for understanding aging and old age and then offers strategies for obtaining that kind of information in various cultural settings. Data collection procedures are presented in the context of both theory and plans for analysis. The old-age research in this volume has several foci: 1) physical aspects; 2) cultural differentiations of age age transitions and the life course; 3) subjective aspects of aging obtained from life histories and the measurement of well-being; 4) social networks; and 5) cultural factors. Anthropological methodology is replete with many alternatives; features of the anthropological perspective are expressed throughout the book.

"The town fool": an oral history of a mentally retarded individual in small town society

Abstract: Book description: What is so exciting about the recent popularity of qualitative research in disability studies? Does the use of this type of inquiry in special education and rehabilitation really promise a fundamental shift in our understanding of disability as a personal experience and a social construction, or is it simply a fad that will gradually subside into just one more research technique among many? This book attempts to answer these questions by practical example rather than by methodological debate. For those interested in the use of qualitative research in the study of disability, this book should provide an excellent starting point for sampling the range and vitality of this approach.

Anthropological Methods Relevant for Journalists

Abstract: It has been argued that social science and journalism are markedly different enterprises, essentially because they are based on different knowledge claims. At the core of these arguments we often find Robert Park’s distinction between abstract “knowledge about,” through which the social scientist fits facts into theoretical frameworks aimed at predictability, and intuitive “acquaintance with,” through which the journalist accumulates facts that then, somehow, speak for themselves.’ As Barbara Phillips writes: “That the journalist’s way of knowledge both personally, professionally, and organizationally is structured in one direction and the social scientists’ is structured in another is an important factor underlying their frequently mutual incomprehension and distrust about which is the more useful for learning about and interpreting everyday life.”’

Qualitative and Quantitative Research on the Knowledge of Global Issues, International Attitudes, and Skills of Negotiation among Secondary School Students.

Abstract: AUTHOR Torney-Purta, Judith TITLE Qualitative and Quz.ntitative Research on the Knowledge of Global Issues, International Attitudes, and Skills of Negotiation among Secondary School Students. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC.; Maryland State Dept. of Education, Baltimore.; Maryland Univ., College Park. Computer Science Center. PUB DATE Mar 86 NOTE 31p.; Paper presented at the Meeting of the Comparative and International Education Society (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, March 1986). PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) -Speeches/Conference Papers (150)

On the Politics of Performance Appraisal: A Qualitative Study of Executives as Raters.

Abstract: This paper presents in-depth findings about the political aspects of performance appraisal. A qualitative research method was employed and the main findings suggest that political considerations ar...