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Qualitative research

About: Qualitative research is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 39957 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2390470 citations. The topic is also known as: Qualitative method.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2020-BMJ Open
TL;DR: Most participants, and particularly those in low-paid or precarious employment, reported feeling that the social distancing and isolation associated with COVID-19 policy has had negative impacts on their mental health and well-being during the early stages of the UK’s ‘lockdown’.
Abstract: Objective This study explored UK public perceptions and experiences of social distancing and social isolation related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Design This qualitative study comprised five focus groups, carried out online during the early stages of the UK’s stay at home order (‘lockdown’), and analysed using a thematic approach. Setting Focus groups took place via online videoconferencing. Participants Participants (n=27) were all UK residents aged 18 years and older, representing a range of gender, ethnic, age and occupational backgrounds. Results Qualitative analysis revealed four main themes: (1) loss—participants’ loss of (in-person) social interaction, loss of income and loss of structure and routine led to psychological and emotional ‘losses’ such as loss of motivation, loss of meaning and loss of self-worth; (2) criticisms of government communication—participants reported a lack of trust in government and a lack of clarity in the guidelines around social distancing and isolation; (3) adherence—participants reported high self-adherence to social distancing guidelines but reported seeing or hearing of non-adherence in others; (4) uncertainty around social reintegration and the future—some participants felt they would have lingering concerns over social contact while others were eager to return to high levels of social activity. Most participants, and particularly those in low-paid or precarious employment, reported feeling that the social distancing and isolation associated with COVID-19 policy has had negative impacts on their mental health and well-being during the early stages of the UK’s ‘lockdown’. Conclusions A rapid response is necessary in terms of public health programming to mitigate the mental health impacts of COVID-19 social distancing and isolation. Social distancing and isolation ‘exit strategies’ must account for the fact that, although some individuals will voluntarily or habitually continue to socially distance, others will seek high levels of social engagement as soon as possible.

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Qualitative and quantitative empirical research examining multiracial individuals' identity development, depression, problem behaviors, peer relationships, school performance, and self-esteem is reviewed, finding support for detrimental outcomes only in studies sampling clinical populations.
Abstract: Much attention has been directed toward understanding the impact having a multiracial background has on psychological well-being and adjustment. Past psychological research has focused on the challenges multiracial individuals confront in defining a racial identity. The implication is that these challenges lead to outcomes that are psychologically detrimental. However, evidence to support this assertion is mixed. The authors review qualitative and quantitative empirical research examining multiracial individuals' identity development, depression, problem behaviors, peer relationships, school performance, and self-esteem, finding support for detrimental outcomes only in studies sampling clinical populations. Studies on nonclinical samples find that multiracial individuals tend to be just as well-adjusted as their monoracial peers on most psychological outcomes. Earlier assertions of maladjustment may have been due to reliance on qualitative research that sampled clinical populations. Other implications and future research are discussed.

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most commonly applied strategies were use of a sampling rationale (67%), analyst triangulation (59%), and mention of methodological limitations (56%); the least common were negative or deviant case analysis (8%), external audit (7%), and specification of ontology (6%).
Abstract: This study was conducted to describe strategies used by social work researchers to enhance the rigor of their qualitative work A template was developed and used to review a random sample of 100 articles drawn from social work journals listed in the 2005 Journal Citation Reports: Science and Social Sciences Edition Results suggest that the most commonly applied strategies were use of a sampling rationale (67%), analyst triangulation (59%), and mention of methodological limitations (56%); the least common were negative or deviant case analysis (8%), external audit (7%), and specification of ontology (6%) Of eight key criteria, researchers used an average of 20 (SD = 15); however, the number used increased significantly between 2003 and 2008The authors suggest that for this trend to continue, social work educators, journal editors, and researchers must reinforce the judicious application of strategies for enhancing the rigor of qualitative work KEY WORDS: qualitative methods; research methods; rigor; social work research ********** The social nature of inquiry is an ongoing challenge to the production of good research in social work As the positivist belief in the potential objectivity of social work research has come into question, researchers using a range of paradigms have recognized the pervasive effects of human limitations and subjectivity This has motivated some postpositivist researchers to carefully design their studies, using quantitative methods to minimize "bias" or "subjectivity" Over time, these efforts have become standardized as criteria to ensure the rigor of the work In a postpositivist framework, these would be described as standards for establishing reliability and validity (Padgett, 2004) As social research using qualitative methods has moved beyond anthropology and into the social sciences, researchers have had to grapple with the meanings of terms such as "objectivity," "reliability," and "validity" (among others) in a completely new context--one that insists on recognition of the interactive dimension of social inquiry How can social work researchers using qualitative methods produce credible work when objectivity is no longer assumed or even pursued (Kincheloe, 2001; Padgett, 2004; Rolfe, 2004)? Sometimes referred to as "criteriology," this question has been a conundrum for qualitative researchers for at least three decades It has given rise to a substantial body of literature on criteria: whether they are needed, what they should be called, how and when they should be implemented, and whether they can be used to evaluate the quality of the work (Caelli, Ray, & Mill, 2003; Davies & Dodd, 2002; Emden & Sandelowski, 1998, 1999; Kincheloe, 2001; Marshall, 1989; Rolfe, 2004, Seale, 1999, 2002;Whittemore, Chase, & Mandle, 2001) We discuss the main points of this literature here as background to the present study Dialogue about criteria started in the early 1980s as qualitative methods became more visible in the social sciences (LeCompte & Goetz, 1982; Lincoln, 1995; Lincoln & Guba, 1985) Early discussions about criteria, such as Kirk and Miller's (1986) Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research, were based on postpositivist research assumptions Lincoln and Guba proposed criteria based on the terms "credibility," "transferability," "dependability," and "confirmability," which were based on the postpositivist concepts of internal validity, external validity, reliability, and objectivity Lincoln (1995) rightly calls these early efforts, including her own, "foundationalist": "These criteria rested in assumptions that had been developed for an empiricist philosophy of research, and spoke to the procedural and methodological concerns that characterize empiricist and post-empiricist research" (p 276) Although some objected to the use of these parallel terms, they did offer a useful vocabulary for qualitative researchers to speak about their work with those unfamiliar with qualitative methods and perspectives …

298 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examines the positioning of qualitative research to date in the field of management accounting and offers a critical reflection and an appraisal of its profile relative to the dominant positivist quantitative accounting research literature.

298 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, 88 African American undergraduates were interviewed to understand the role of African American student organizations in facilitating social integration at a predominantly white institution and the conditions under which participation in these organizations aided students' social integration.
Abstract: In this qualitative study, 88 African American undergraduates were interviewed to understand the role of African American student organizations in facilitating social integration at a predominantly White institution. The conditions under which participation in these organizations aided students' social integration are presented. Results largely support Tinto's (1993) theory of student departure but indicate limitations of the theory when applying it to African Americans from predominantly White home communities.

298 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20242
20236,582
202213,526
20213,149
20202,696
20192,694