Showing papers on "Radiation-induced lung injury published in 2011"

Mitigation of radiation-induced lung injury by genistein and EUK-207

Abstract: Purpose: We examined the effects of genistein and/or Eukarion (EUK)-207 on radiation-induced lung damage and investigated whether treatment for 0–14 weeks (wks) post-irradiation (PI) would mitigate late lung injury.Materials and methods: The lungs of female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were irradiated with 10 Gy. EUK-207 was delivered by infusion and genistein was delivered as a dietary supplement starting immediately after irradiation (post irradiation [PI]) and continuing until 14 wks PI. Rats were sacrificed at 0, 4, 8, 14 and 28 wks PI. Breathing rate was monitored and lung fibrosis assessed by lung hydroxyproline content at 28 wks. DNA damage was assessed by micronucleus (MN) assay and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. The expression of the cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and macrophage activation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results: Increases in breathing rate observed in the irradiated rats were signi...

Endothelial cell damage induces a blood-alveolus barrier breakdown in the development of radiation-induced lung injury.

Abstract: Aim: To investigate the role of endothelial cell damage in radiation-induced lung injury. Methods: A total of 60 male Sprague–Dawley rats were irradiated to the right hemithorax with a single dose of 0, 7.0 or 14.4 Gy. Serial studies were performed before and at 1, 7, 30 and 90 days after radiation, respectively. Pathological studies were carried out to detect changes in the lung after irradiation. Western blot studies were conducted to detect the expression of CD34 and of CD105 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: Compared to controls, the irradiated rat lung showed a dose-dependent and time-dependent decrease in the expression of CD34. The level of CD105 was significantly reduced by irradiation except at 90 days after radiation. The expression of VEGF increased 1 day after radiation, and then decreased from day 30 onwards, to be lower than the control group at 90 days. Pulmonary fibrosis was observed at 90 days after 14.4 Gy exposure; however, most of these phenomena were not observed in the 7.0 Gy group. Conclusion: These results support the notion that endothelial cells play an important role in radiation-induced lung injury, and may be critical to breakdown of the blood–alveolus barrier and microcirculation dysfunction related to radiation-induced inflammation and fibrosis.

A noninvasive integrative method for analyzing radiation-induced lung injury.

Abstract: The efficacy of radiation treatment for intrathoracic malignancy is limited by the development of radiationinduced lung injury (RILI), which can cause radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis in the lung parenchyma. Several factors influence the risk and severity of RILI, including the radiation dose, the fractionation, the volume of irradiated lung, and whether the patient has pre-existing lung disease or has received systemic agents or prior thoracic radiation.1-3 Radiation pneumonitis usually manifests 1–6 months after completion of radiation, and it may progress to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Although radiographic changes sometime manifest with no accompanying symptoms, the classic triad includes dyspnea, cough, and fever, which respond to corticosteroid intervention.2,4 Radiologic findings are imprecise, yielding a broad differential diagnosis that may warrant pathologic verification and could delay initiation of management. Acute changes from radiation pneumonitis consist of a diffuse haze in the treatment region, ground-glass opacity, and consolidation. Late changes include traction bronchiectasis, volume loss, and scarring. A straight-line effect that conforms not to anatomic boundaries but rather to the margins of the radiation port is the most distinctive feature of RILI.4,5 This case report describes a noninvasive integrative method used to carefully analyze radiation pneumonitis in the follow-up evaluation of a patient treated with chest radiotherapy.

Correlative factor analysis of radiation pneumonitis in 62 iocally advanced NSCLC cases treated with 3DCRT

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the correlative factors as predictors of acute radiation pneumonitis in the treatment of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3DCRT) for locally advanced NSCLC patients.Methods: Sixty two unresectable locally advanced NSCLC patients were received pulmonary function test one week before radiotherapy,and analyze the relationship between radiation pneumonitis and sex,age,clinical stage,pathologic type,lesion location,concurrent chemotherapy,smoking,tumor volume,COPD,V10,V20,V30 and pulmonary function.Results: Eleven patients were found with radiation pneumonitis,inclding 3 patients who were found during treatment and 8 patients were found in the first month after treatment.Single factor analysis: Relative factors with statistic difference are: COPD,GTV volume,DVH,DLco(P=0.002,P=0,P=0.032).By binary Logistic analysis,COPD and V3025% were independent factors(P=0.047,P=0.035,P=0.040 and 0.002).Conclusion: Radiation pneumonitis was affected by multiple factors.Patients with COPD or abnormal lung function should be treated with optimal plan,and V3025%.

Radiation-Induced Lung Injury on PET/CT: Analysis of FDG Uptake Response within Specific Isodose Regions of Irradiation in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Abstract: ABS TRACT Ob jec ti ve: Inf lam ma tory res pon se as so ci a ted with ra di a ti on-in du ced lung in jury (RI LI) re sults in an in cre a sed 18F-flu o ro de oxy glu co se (FDG) up ta ke on po sit ron emis si on to mog raphy/com pu ted to mog raphy (PET/CT). In this study, we ai med to analy ze the deg re e of FDG up ta ke wit hin spe ci fic iso do se re gi ons (IR) of the ir ra di a ted lung using stan dar di zed up ta ke va lu e (SUV) me a su re ments, and to cor re la te post tre at ment FDG up ta ke with ra di ot he rapy (RT) do se pa ra me ters, pa ti ent cha rac te ris tics and the ima ging ti me in ter val af ter RT comp le ti on. Ma te ri al and Met hods: Da ta from 30 pa ti ents with non-small cell lung can cer (NSCLC) who un der went FDG PET/CT ima ging at le ast 12 we eks (72-668 days) af ter comp le ti on of RT we re eva lu a ted. In each pa ti ent, si de-by-si de vi su al re gis tra ti on of the tre at ment plan ning CT sli ces inc lu ding IR cur ves with the cor res pon ding PET/CT sli ces was per for med. Using SUV me a su re ments, FDG up ta ke le vels we re analy zed wit hin spe ci fic IRs of the ir ra di a ted lung. The sta tis ti cal dif fe ren ce bet we en SUV max of each IR was de ter mi ned. The RT do se pa ra me ters, pa ti ent cha rac te ris tics and ti me in ter val bet we en RT and PET/CT we re tes ted for cor re la ti on with SUV max of IRs. Re sults: The mean SUV max in the IRs of the lung that re ce i ved 2000-4000cGy was 1.51 ± 0.66 (me an ± SD) (min-max: 0.69-2.84), 4000-6000cGy was 2.67 ± 1.16 (min-max: 0.71-6.0), and >6000Gy was 3.55 ± 1.09 (min-max: 1.2-5.72). We fo und sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ces bet we en the SUV max va lu es of all IRs (SUV2000 vs. SUV4000, p= 0.001; SUV2000 vs.6000, p= 0.002; SUV4000 vs. 6000, p= 0.001). No sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cant corre la ti on was fo und bet we en SUV max and the ot her va ri ab les. Conc lu si on: The fin dings of this study sho wed that, alt ho ugh so me over lap oc curs bet we en IRs, the deg re e of ra di a ti on-re la ted pa rench ymal FDG up ta ke gets hig her with in cre a sing do se le vels. Per sis tent high FDG up ta ke le vels may be ob ser ved in ra di a ti on fib ro sis are as on PET/CT even se ve ral months af ter RT.

Resveratrol protects against acute radiation-induced lung injury in C57BL mice

Abstract: Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of resveratrol (RES) against acute radiation-induced lung injury (ARILI) in C57BL mice and explore its mechanism. Methods: Forty C57BL mice were randomly divided into four groups: un-irradiated and normal saline-treated group (n=10, group A), un-irradiated and RES-treated group (n=10, group B), radiation plus normal saline-treated group (n=10, group C) and radiation plus RES-treated group (n=10, group D). The models of ARILI in C57BL mice in groups C and D were established by whole thoracic 60Co γ-ray irradiation with a single dose of 16 Gy. Four hours after radiation, the mice in groups B and D were administered daily via gavage with RES (20 mg/kg) for 30 d, while the same volume of normal saline solution was given daily in the groups A and C. Then the lung section was taken for histopathologic examination. The serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels, the activities of MDA (malondialdehyde) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of hydroxide free radical were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The activity of MDA in lung tissues was also detected. Results: Compared with group C, there was an obvious amelioration in pathological injury of lung tissue in group D. The activities of lung tissue and serum MDA, the serum content of hydroxide free radical and the serum levels of TGF-β1, IL1-β and NF-κB in group D were significantly lower than those in group C, while slightly higher than those in group A (P＜0.05). The activity of SOD was significantly higher in group D than that in group C, while lower than those in groups A and B (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant differences in thses indicators between group A and group B (P＞0.05). Conclusion: RES can effectively alleviate the ARILI in mice by its antioxidant properties and the effects of downregulating the expressions of inflammatory factors, and RES-related lung-toxicity is not obvious. RES may become a clinically effective and safe radioprotector for ARILI. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2011.05.003