Showing papers on "Radiation-induced lung injury published in 2014"
TL;DR: Elevated macrophage count, consistent with early phase of inflammation was highly correlated to increases in lac/pyr in both the irradiated and unirradiated lungs, suggesting metabolic changes associated with RP may be mapped as early as five days post conformal radiotherapy.
33 citations
TL;DR: Left-lung V30 predicts the risk of developing asymptomatic or symptomatic RILI after sequential chemo-radiotherapy afterBleomycin and RT may cause lung injury in a small, but significant fraction of HL patients.
Abstract: Background. Our aim was to define predictors of late radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) survivors treated with bleomycin-containing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Material and methods. Eighty consecutive patients treated with chemotherapy and subsequent supradiaphragmatic radiation therapy for HL were retrospectively reviewed for symptoms and/or radiological signs of RILI. Median patient age was 26 years (range 14–55). Left, right, and total lung dosimetric parameters along with clinical, disease, and treatment-related characteristics were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to find possible cutoff values dividing patients into high- and low-risk groups. Results. Seven of 80 (9%) patients had lung disease at baseline. Four of 80 (5%) had toxicity after chemotherapy and before the beginning of radiotherapy. These patients were excluded from further evaluation. At a medi...
33 citations
TL;DR: Whole-lung tissue transfer time constants for dynamic(129)Xe (TTr_tissue) can be used to detect the early phase of RILI in a rat model involving 14 Gy thoracic radiation exposure as early as two weeks post-irradiation.
Abstract: Purpose: Radiation induced lung injury (RILI) is a common side effect for patients undergoing thoracic radiation therapy (RT). RILI can lead to temporary or permanent loss of lung function and in extreme cases, death. Combining functional lung imaging information with conventional radiation treatment plans may lead to more desirable treatment plans that reduce lung toxicity and improve the quality of life for lung cancer survivors. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the lung following inhalation of hyperpolarized{sup 129}Xe may provide a useful nonionizing approach for probing changes in lung function and structure associated with RILI before, during, or after RT (early and late time-points). Methods: In this study, dynamic{sup 129}Xe MR spectroscopy was used to measure whole-lung gas transfer time constants for lung tissue and red blood cells (RBC), respectively (T{sub Tr-tissue} and T{sub Tr-RBC}) in groups of rats at two weeks and six weeks following 14 Gy whole-lung exposure to radiation from a {sup 60}Co source. A separate group of six healthy age-matched rats served as a control group. Results: T{sub Tr-tissue} values at two weeks post-irradiation (51.6 ± 6.8 ms) were found to be significantly elevated (p < 0.05) with respect to the healthy control group (37.2 ± 4.8 ms).more » T{sub Tr-RBC} did not show any significant changes between groups. T{sub Tr-tissue} was strongly correlated with T{sub Tr-RBC} in the control group (r = 0.9601 p < 0.05) and uncorrelated in the irradiated groups. Measurements of arterial partial pressure of oxygen obtained by arterial blood sampling were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the two-week group (54.2 ± 12.3 mm Hg) compared to those from a representative control group (85.0 ± 10.0 mm Hg). Histology of a separate group of similarly irradiated animals confirmed the presence of inflammation due to radiation exposure with alveolar wall thicknesses that were significantly different (p < 0.05). At six weeks post-irradiation, T{sub Tr-tissue} returned to values (35.6 ± 9.6 ms) that were not significantly different from baseline. Conclusions: Whole-lung tissue transfer time constants for{sup 129}Xe (T{sub Tr-tissue}) can be used to detect the early phase of RILI in a rat model involving 14 Gy thoracic {sup 60}Co exposure as early as two weeks post-irradiation. This knowledge combined with more sophisticated models of gas exchange and imaging techniques, may allow functional lung avoidance radiation therapy planning to be achievable, providing more beneficial treatment plans and improved quality of life for recovering lung cancer patients.« less
33 citations
TL;DR: Hyperpolarized MRI may provide an earlier indication of lung injury associated with radiotherapy of thoracic tumors, potentially allowing adjustment of treatment before the onset of severe complications and irreversible fibrosis.
Abstract: MRI of hyperpolarized 129Xe gas and 13C-enriched substrates (e.g. pyruvate) presents an unprecedented opportunity to map anatomical, functional and metabolic changes associated with lung injury. In particular, inhaled hyperpolarized 129Xe gas is exquisitely sensitive to changes in alveolar microanatomy and function accompanying lung inflammation through decreases in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of alveolar gas and increases in the transfer time (Ttr) of xenon exchange from the gas and into the dissolved phase in the lung. Furthermore, metabolic changes associated with hypoxia arising from lung injury may be reflected by increases in lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio obtained by magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. In this work, the application of hyperpolarized 129Xe and 13C MRI to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is reviewed and results of ADC, Ttr and lactate-to-pyruvate signal ratio changes in a rat model of RILI are summarized. These results are consistent with conventional functional (i.e. blood gases) and histological (i.e. tissue density) changes, and correlate significantly with inflammatory cell counts (i.e. macrophages). Hyperpolarized MRI may provide an earlier indication of lung injury associated with radiotherapy of thoracic tumors, potentially allowing adjustment of treatment before the onset of severe complications and irreversible fibrosis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
19 citations
TL;DR: An animal model of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in the acute phase reflecting clinical stereotactic body radiotherapy was established and validated with histopathological and functional analysis, which enhances the understanding of the dynamic sequential events occurring in the acutely phase of Radiation- induced lung injury induced by ablative dose focal volume irradiation.
Abstract: In a previous study, we established an image-guided small-animal micro-irradiation system mimicking clinical stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The goal of this study was to develop a rodent model of acute phase lung injury after ablative irradiation. A radiation dose of 90 Gy was focally delivered to the left lung of C57BL/6 mice using a small animal stereotactic irradiator. At days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14 after irradiation, the lungs were perfused with formalin for fixation and paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome. At days 7 and 14 after irradiation, micro-computed tomography (CT) images of the lung were taken and lung functional measurements were performed with a flexiVent™ system. Gross morphological injury was evident 9 days after irradiation of normal lung tissues and dynamic sequential events occurring during the acute phase were validated by histopathological analysis. CT images of the mouse lungs indicated partial obstruction located in the peripheral area of the left lung. Significant alteration in inspiratory capacity and tissue damping were detected on day 14 after irradiation. An animal model of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in the acute phase reflecting clinical stereotactic body radiotherapy was established and validated with histopathological and functional analysis. This model enhances our understanding of the dynamic sequential events occurring in the acute phase of radiation-induced lung injury induced by ablative dose focal volume irradiation.
18 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that genetic variants of NOS2 may serve as a reliable predictor of RILI in lung cancer patients treated with thoracic radiation.
15 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that Yangyinqingfei has a protective effect on radiation-induced lung injury in rats, possibly by downregulating MMP-12 and TIMP-1 expression.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and underlying mechanism of Yangyinqingfei decoction on radiation-induced lung injury in rats. Wistar rats (n=75) were randomly divided into five experimental groups (A-E). Rats in two of the groups were administered saline solution, whereas rats in the remaining three groups were administered different doses of Yangyinqingfei decoction. After one week, the rats were irradiated with a single dose of 25 Gy to their right hemi-thoraxes by a 60Co γ-ray, with the exception of the control group, which underwent sham irradiation. The effect of Yangyinqingfei decoction was assessed one, two and four weeks post-irradiation according to the pathological changes and the right lung index (wet weight of right lung/body weight ×100%). Expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in lung tissue were determined using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Pretreatment with Yangyinqingfei resulted in a significant dose-dependent resistance to radiation-induced body weight loss. The expression of MMP-12 and TIMP-1 increased following irradiation. However, the levels of MMP-12 and TIMP-1 in groups receiving Yangyinqingfei were lower four weeks after irradiation compared with those in rats administered saline. Cumulatively, these results suggest that Yangyinqingfei has a protective effect on radiation-induced lung injury in rats, possibly by downregulating MMP-12 and TIMP-1 expression.
10 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Both aidi injection and Solu Medrol can significantly downregulate TGF-β1mRNA and protein expression levels in the lungs of mice with radiation-induced lung injury.
Abstract: Objective To study the effect of aidi injection on radiation-induced lung injury and the probable Mechanism. Methods One hundred and twenty C57BL /6 mice were exposed to either sham radiation or single fraction of 12 Gy delivered to the thorax. Four groups were defined as follows: in normal control group,the mice received neither radiation nor drug; in aidi injection + radiation group,the mice received radiation and aidi injection; in Solu Medrol + radiation group,the mice received Solu Medrol; in radiation group,the mice were exposed to radiation. Aidi or Solu Medrol were injected intraperitoneally 2 h before the radiation and daily after the radiation. Mice were sacrificed 1,24,72 hours,1,2,4,8,16 and 24 weeks after radiation. The left lungs were fixed and sectioned. The sections were stained by haematoxylin and eosin,masson stain and immunohistochemical stain for transforming growth factor β1( TGF-β1). The right lungs were collected to detect TGF-β1mRNA expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcipiase polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR) and TGF-β1protein expression by Western blotting. Results Pneumonitis developed 1 to 2 weeks after radiation. Their TGF-β1mRNA and protein expression levels in radiation-treated mice were significantly higher than those in normal control group( both P 0. 05). But the effects were reversed by aidi and Solu Medrol treatment( P 0. 05). The TGF-β1mRNA and protein expression levels were not significantly different between aidi and Solu Medrol treatment. Conclusion Both aidi injection and Solu Medrol can significantly downregulate TGF-β1mRNA and protein expression levels in the lungs of mice with radiation-induced lung injury. There is no significant difference in the effect between aidi injection and Solu Medrol.
2 citations
Patent•
22 Oct 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a novel medicinal application of ghrelin, namely application of Ghrelin in prevention or/and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury, radiationinduced pneumonia and late pulmonary fibrosis, was provided.
Abstract: The invention provides a novel medicinal application of ghrelin, namely application of ghrelin in prevention or/and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury, radiation-induced pneumonia and late pulmonary fibrosis In-vivo experiments verify that the ghrelin is effective in the fields of prevention or/and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury, radiation-induced pneumonia and late pulmonary fibrosis According to the novel medicinal application of the ghrelin, the ghrelin is creatively applied to prevention or/and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury, radiation-induced pneumonia and late pulmonary fibrosis, and a novel choice is provided to clinical treatment
1 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Yangyin Qingfei decoction has significant effect in the treatment of acute radiation induced lung injury after radioactive seeds implantation, and was significantly higher than that in the control group.
Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the effects of Yangyin Qingfei decoction in treating the patients diagnosed with acute radiation induced lung injury after radioactive seeds of125 I implantation for lung tumor. [Methods] Eighty patients with acute radiation induced lung injury after radioactive seeds implantation were recruited and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, 40 cases in each group. Traditional Chinese medicine of Yangyin Qingfei decoction was used for the treated group, while antibiotics with short-term hormone therapy were used in the control group. The results were evaluated using the same standard 4 week later. [Results]The effective rate in the treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.05). [Conclusion] Yangyin Qingfei decoction has significant effect in the treatment of acute radiation induced lung injury after radioactive seeds implantation.
1 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study indicates that administra on of vit D plays a protec ve role against acute lung injury through blocking myofibroblas c differen a on.
Abstract: Background: Vitamin D, especially its most ac ve metabolite 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3(Vit D) is essen al in regula ng a wide variety of biologic processes, such as regula ng mesangial cell ac va on. The objec ve of this study was to assess the histopathological changes of effec veness of Vit D as a protec ve agent against radia on induced lung injury. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (group 1:4 rats), irradia on alone group (group 2:7 rats) and irradia on+vit D (group 3:7 rats). Rats in group 2 and 3 were exposed to 20 Gy radia ons to the right lung in a Co radiotherapy machine under general anesthesia. Addi onally, rats in group 3 received Vit D at a single dose of 0.2 mcg injected IM 2 hours before exposure to irradia on. Rats were sacrificed and lungs were dissected fi y days a er post‐irradia on. Myofibroblasts and vitamin D3 receptors (VDR) in extracted lungs were stained by immunohistochemistry using alpha‐smooth muscle ac n (SMA) and VDR an bodies. Blinded histological evalua on was performed to assess lung injury. Lung injury was assessed by the acute lung injury score and myofibroblas c differen a on score. Results: Acute lung injury scores and myofibroblas c differen a on scores were significantly lower in the radia on+vit D group compared to irradia on alone group (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respec vely). Conclusion: This study indicates that administra on of vit D plays a protec ve role against acute lung injury through blocking myofibroblas c differen a on.