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Radiative transfer
About: Radiative transfer is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 43287 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1176539 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered thermally driven symmetric circulations of the mesosphere and upper stratosphere and derived meridional circulations with a principal flow branch from summer pole to winter pole with maximum amplitude less than 1 m sec−1.
Abstract: Possible thermally driven symmetric circulations of the mesosphere and upper stratosphere are considered, subject to the following major assumptions: the motions are in hydrostatic and geostrophic balance; the motions are small perturbations about a state of rest which is defined by the horizontal average of the radiative equilibrium temperature; the eddy fluxes of momentum and heat act only as Rayleigh friction and Newtonian conductivity, or as vertical eddy viscosity and conductivity. The assumption of small perturbations is justified by consideration of photochemical and radiative processes. The derived meridional circulations have a principal flow branch from summer pole to winter pole with maximum amplitude less than 1 m sec−1. There is good agreement with the observed amplitude, distribution, and seasonal phase of the mean zonal winds if eddy viscosity and eddy conductivity parameters are assumed to be about 500 m2 sec−1. Radiative and photochemical processes are found to have an important ...
213 citations
Beijing Normal University1, Flemish Institute for Technological Research2, Tartu Observatory3, University of California, Berkeley4, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology5, Norwegian Meteorological Institute6, Hunter College7, University of Göttingen8, Russian Academy of Sciences9, University of Exeter10, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing11
TL;DR: The RAMI4PILPS suite of virtual experiments assesses the accuracy and consistency of the radiative transfer formulations that provide the magnitudes of absorbed, reflected, and transmitted shortwave radiative fluxes in LSSs as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: [1] Remotely sensed, multiannual data sets of shortwave radiative surface fluxes are now available for assimilation into land surface schemes (LSSs) of climate and/or numerical weather prediction models. The RAMI4PILPS suite of virtual experiments assesses the accuracy and consistency of the radiative transfer formulations that provide the magnitudes of absorbed, reflected, and transmitted shortwave radiative fluxes in LSSs. RAMI4PILPS evaluates models under perfectly controlled experimental conditions in order to eliminate uncertainties arising from an incomplete or erroneous knowledge of the structural, spectral and illumination related canopy characteristics typical for model comparison with in situ observations. More specifically, the shortwave radiation is separated into a visible and near-infrared spectral region, and the quality of the simulated radiative fluxes is evaluated by direct comparison with a 3-D Monte Carlo reference model identified during the third phase of the Radiation transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) exercise. The RAMI4PILPS setup thus allows to focus in particular on the numerical accuracy of shortwave radiative transfer formulations and to pinpoint to areas where future model improvements should concentrate. The impact of increasing degrees of structural and spectral subgrid variability on the simulated fluxes is documented and the relevance of any thus emerging biases with respect to gross primary production estimates and shortwave radiative forcings due to snow and fire events are investigated.
213 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, strong interaction corrections to the effective hamiltonian for weak radiative B - meson decay are calculated using the leading logarithmic approximation, where Xs denotes a strange hadronic final state.
213 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a relatively simple relationship between the microwave brightness temperature of the ocean and conventional oceanographic and meteorological parameters is derived, considering radiative emission and scattering by the sea surface along with radiative absorption and emission by the atmosphere.
Abstract: A relatively simple, yet accurate, relationship between the microwave brightness temperature of the ocean and conventional oceanographic and meteorological parameters is derived. The equation for the brightness temperature upwelling from the sea surface through the intervening atmosphere is obtained, considering radiative emission and scattering by the sea surface along with radiative absorption and emission by the atmosphere. A number of approximations are applied to the integral brightness temperature equation and its supporting equations in order to obtain a simple equation for the brightness temperature that does not contain integrals. Values for a number of atmospheric parameters are determined, including temperature sensitivities, oxygen opacity, water vapor and liquid water normalized absorption coefficients, and effective columnar height. The sea surface emissivity model is then considered, modelling the sea surface as a composite of foam-free rough water and foam patches.
212 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a minimal one-loop radiative mechanism for generating small Majorana neutrino masses in inverse seesaw extensions of the Standard Model with two singlet fermions per family was proposed.
Abstract: We study a minimal one-loop radiative mechanism for generating small Majorana neutrino masses in inverse seesaw extensions of the Standard Model with two singlet fermions per family. The new feature of this radiative mechanism is that the one-loop induced left-handed neutrino mass matrix is directly proportional to the Majorana mass matrix of the right-handed neutrinos. This is a very economical scenario without necessitating the existence of non-standard scalar or gauge fields.
212 citations