scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers on "Radio frequency published in 2010"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used vector field-sensing electric and magnetic triaxial antennas to estimate the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of radio beams, assuming ideal (noiseless) conditions and that the beam axis is known.
Abstract: Recent discoveries concerning rotating (helical) phase fronts and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of laser beams are applied to radio frequencies and comprehensive simulations of a radio OAM system are performed. We find that with the use of vector field-sensing electric and magnetic triaxial antennas, it is possible to unambiguously estimate the OAM in radio beams by local measurements at a single point, assuming ideal (noiseless) conditions and that the beam axis is known. Furthermore, we show that conventional antenna pattern optimization methods can be applied to OAM-generating circular arrays to enhance their directivity.

700 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the range of frequencies that will optimize the tradeoff between received power and tissue absorption and showed that the optimal frequency is above 1 GHz for small receive coil and typical transmit-receive separations.
Abstract: RF wireless interface enables remotely-powered implantable devices. Current studies in wireless power transmission into biological tissue tend to operate below 10 MHz due to tissue absorption loss, which results in large receive antennas. This paper examines the range of frequencies that will optimize the tradeoff between received power and tissue absorption. It first models biological tissue as a dispersive dielectric in a homogeneous medium and performs full-wave analysis to show that the optimal frequency is above 1 GHz for small receive coil and typical transmit-receive separations. Then, it includes the air-tissue interface and models human body as a planarly layered medium. The optimal frequency is shown to remain in the GHz-range. Finally, electromagnetic simulations are performed to include the effect of load impedance and look at the matched power gain. The optimal frequency is in the GHz-range for mm-sized transmit antenna and shifts to the sub-GHz range for cm-sized transmit antenna. The multiple orders of magnitude increase in the operating frequency enables dramatic miniaturization of implantable devices.

419 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A modified form of existing CMOS based voltage doubler circuit is presented to achieve 160% increase in output power over traditional circuits at 0 dBm input power.
Abstract: RF energy harvesting holds a promise able future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronics devices. This paper presents the overview and progress achieved in RF energy harvesting field. A modified form of existing CMOS based voltage doubler circuit is presented to achieve 160% increase in output power over traditional circuits at 0 dBm input power. A schottky diode based RF energy harvesting circuit performance is also studied with practical and simulations results.

365 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a cascade of lithium niobate intensity and phase modulators driven by specially tailored RF waveforms is used to generate an optical frequency comb with very high spectral flatness.
Abstract: We demonstrate a scheme based on a cascade of lithium niobate intensity and phase modulators driven by specially tailored RF waveforms to generate an optical frequency comb with very high spectral flatness. In this Letter, we demonstrate a 10 GHz comb with 38 comb lines within a spectral power variation below 1 dB. The number of comb lines that can be generated is limited by the power handling capability of the phase modulator, and this can be scaled without compromising the spectral flatness. Furthermore, the spectral phase of the generated combs in our scheme is almost purely quadratic, which, as we will demonstrate, allows for high-quality pulse compression using only single-mode fiber.

355 citations


Patent
27 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a method for charging devices in a system that includes a slave device and a master device, where the slave device includes an antenna to receive a radio frequency (RF) beam and a power generation module connected to the antenna that converts RF energy received by the slave antenna to power.
Abstract: Some embodiments provide a system for charging devices. The system includes a master device and a slave device. Some embodiments provide a method for charging devices in a system that includes a slave device and a master device. The slave device includes (1) an antenna to receive a radio frequency (RF) beam and (2) a power generation module connected to the antenna that converts RF energy received by the slave antenna to power. The master device includes (1) a directional antenna to direct RF power to the antenna of the slave device and (2) a module that provides power to the directional antenna of the master device.

345 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The spectral phase of the generated combs in the scheme is almost purely quadratic, which allows for high-quality pulse compression using only single-mode fiber and can be scaled without compromising the spectral flatness.
Abstract: We demonstrate a scheme, based on a cascade of lithium niobate intensity and phase modulators driven by specially tailored radio frequency waveforms to generate an optical frequency comb with very high spectral flatness. In this work we demonstrate a 10 GHz comb with ~40 lines with spectral power variation below 1-dB and ~60 lines in total. The number of lines that can be generated is limited by the power handling capability of the phase modulator, and this can be scaled without compromising the spectral flatness. Furthermore, the spectral phase of the generated combs in our scheme is almost purely quadratic which, as we will demonstrate, allows for very high quality pulse compression using only single mode fiber.

299 citations


Patent
02 Feb 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an indoor distributed antenna system (IDAS) to provide wireless communication services to clients inside a building or other facility, where the communications can be distributed between a head end unit (HEU) that receives carrier signals from one or more service or carrier providers and converts the signals to Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) signals for distribution over optical fibers to end points.
Abstract: Optical fiber-based wireless systems and related components and methods are disclosed. The systems support radio frequency (RF) communications with clients over optical fiber, including Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) communications. The systems may be provided as part of an indoor distributed antenna system (IDAS) to provide wireless communication services to clients inside a building or other facility. The communications can be distributed between a head end unit (HEU) that receives carrier signals from one or more service or carrier providers and converts the signals to RoF signals for distribution over optical fibers to end points, which may be remote antenna units (RAUs). In one embodiment, calibration of communication downlinks and communication uplinks is performed to compensate for signal strength losses in the system.

238 citations


Patent
12 Feb 2010
TL;DR: In this article, an antenna for receiving electromagnetic radiation in a broadcast radiation band and a near-field radiation band to generate a Radio Frequency (RF) signal is described. But the authors do not consider the effect of the antenna's position on the transmission of the RF signal.
Abstract: Exemplary embodiments include an antenna for receiving electromagnetic radiation in a broadcast radiation band and a near-field radiation band to generate a Radio Frequency (RF) signal. A coupling element couples the RF signal to a first port and at least one additional port, which may be a second port and a third port. A wireless power receiver on the first port includes a rectifier for converting the RF signal to a DC signal when the antenna couples to radiation in the near-field radiation band in a coupling-mode region of the antenna. A near-field communication transceiver includes circuitry for communicating information on the antenna in the near-field radiation band when the coupling element couples the second port to the RF signal. A broadcast receiver on the third port includes circuitry for receiving and tuning the broadcast radiation band when the coupling element couples the third port to the RF signal.

236 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An analytical description is presented that overcomes this shortage and reveals profound differences between RF and plasmonic antennas and is a starting point for the development of analytical models of more complex antenna structures.
Abstract: Recent advances in nanolithography have allowed shifting of the resonance frequency of antennas into the optical and visible wavelength range with potential applications, for example, in single molecule spectroscopy by fluorescence and directionality enhancement of molecules. Despite such great promise, the analytical means to describe the properties of optical antennas is still lacking. As the phase velocity of currents at optical frequencies in metals is much below the speed of light, standard radio frequency (RF) antenna theory does not apply directly. For the fundamental linear wire antenna, we present an analytical description that overcomes this shortage and reveals profound differences between RF and plasmonic antennas. It is fully supported by apertureless scanning near-field optical microscope measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. This theory is a starting point for the development of analytical models of more complex antenna structures.

233 citations


Patent
17 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, an energy harvesting system for use with a vehicle including an RF transmitter positionable in a vehicle and a key fob having an antenna configured to receive an RF signal from the RF transmitter and convert the RF signal to electrical energy, a power management circuit configured to distribute the electrical energy in the key Fob, and an energy storage device was presented.
Abstract: An energy harvesting system for use with a vehicle including an RF transmitter positionable in a vehicle and a key fob having an antenna configured to receive an RF signal from the RF transmitter and convert the RF signal to electrical energy, a power management circuit configured to distribute the electrical energy in the key fob, and an energy storage device configured to store at least some of the electrical energy converted from the RF signal.

217 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2010
TL;DR: An RF energy harvesting WSN prototype is developed and it is shown that Radio Frequency (RF) energy can always be harvested, and a duty cycle determination method is proposed for this method that is effective in a long period measurement application that do not require high power consumption.
Abstract: Energy harvesting is a key technique that can be used to overcome the barriers that prevent the real world deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In particular, solar energy harvesting has been commonly used to overcome this barrier. However, it should be noted that WSNs operating on solar power suffer form energy shortage during nighttimes. Therefore, to solve this problem, we exploit the use of TV broadcasts airwaves as energy sources to power wireless sensor nodes. We measured the output of a rectenna continuously for 7 days; from the results of this measurement, we showed that Radio Frequency (RF) energy can always be harvested. We developed an RF energy harvesting WSN prototype to show the effectiveness of RF energy harvesting for the usage of a WSN. We also proposed a duty cycle determination method for our system, and verified the validity of this method by implementing our system. This RF energy harvesting method is effective in a long period measurement application that do not require high power consumption.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Calculated wavefront reconstruction imaging techniques have been developed that optimize the resolution and illumination quality of the images and several application results are described.
Abstract: Three-dimensional radio frequency imaging techniques have been developed for a variety of near-field applications, including radar cross-section imaging, concealed weapon detection, ground penetrating radar imaging, through-barrier imaging, and nondestructive evaluation. These methods employ active radar transceivers that operate at various frequency ranges covering a wide range, from less than 100 MHz to in excess of 350 GHz, with the frequency range customized for each application. Computational wavefront reconstruction imaging techniques have been developed that optimize the resolution and illumination quality of the images. In this paper, rectilinear and cylindrical three-dimensional imaging techniques are described along with several application results.

Patent
10 Dec 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a remote device powering module, system and method for providing RF power to an electronic device located in a bounded area is described, where the RF power is converted by the receiver to direct-voltage to be provided to the electronic device.
Abstract: A remote device powering module, system and method for providing RF power to an electronic device located in a bounded area. The remote device powering module comprises a phased array antenna and is connected to a source to convert the power to an electric signal and to apply a phase reference to the electrical signal. The electrical signal is shifted with a shifting module and phased array antenna that comprises a plurality of radiating elements generates and transmits RF power via RF waves using the phase reference and the shifted phase. The RF power is then converted by the receiver to direct-voltage to be provided to the electronic device.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a rectenna design methodology combining electromagnetic simulation and harmonic balance analysis is presented, which consists of applying reciprocity theory to calculate the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the receiving antenna and optimizing the rectifying circuit parameters using HB analysis.
Abstract: A rectenna design methodology combining electromagnetic (EM) simulation and harmonic balance (HB) analysis is presented. It consists of applying reciprocity theory to calculate the Thevenin equivalent circuit of the receiving antenna and optimizing the rectifying circuit parameters using HB analysis. The method is demonstrated by designing a 2.45-GHz rectenna based on a square aperture-coupled patch antenna with dual linear polarization. A compact implementation is achieved by etching a cross-shaped slot on the patch surface leading to a 32.5% patch side reduction. Voltage-doubling circuits convert the received RF power from each port to dc permitting the rectenna to receive arbitrarily polarized signals. The circuit is optimized for low input power densities and a simulated maximum efficiency of 38.2% was obtained for 1.5 nWcm-2 input RF power density at 2.43 GHz.

Patent
05 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a radio frequency (RF) charging system is capable of charging an RF device on a display panel to increase charging efficiency, which includes an antenna set having a plurality of antennas, a switch unit, an RF module and a microcontroller unit (MCU).
Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) charging system is capable of charging an RF device on a display panel to increase charging efficiency. The RF device generates a response signal upon receiving an RF signal. The RF charging system includes an antenna set having a plurality of antennas, a switch unit, an RF module and a microcontroller unit (MCU). The MCU controls the switch unit to select one antenna from the antenna set. The antenna is able to receive the response signal and is used for transmitting the RF signal, thereby charging the RF device.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using the principles of inverse scattering and diffraction tomography, a simplified theory for below-ground imaging is developed and several inversion schemes based on arbitrarily deployed sensors are devised.
Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) tomography is proposed to detect underground voids, such as tunnels or caches, over relatively wide areas of regard. The RF tomography approach requires a set of low-cost transmitters and receivers arbitrarily deployed on the surface of the ground or slightly buried. Using the principles of inverse scattering and diffraction tomography, a simplified theory for below-ground imaging is developed. In this paper, the principles and motivations in support of RF tomography are introduced. Furthermore, several inversion schemes based on arbitrarily deployed sensors are devised. Then, limitations to performance and system considerations are discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of RF tomography is demonstrated by presenting images reconstructed via the processing of synthetic data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This technique illuminates a promising route of realizing stretchable and foldable large area integrated RF electronics that are of great interest to a variety of applications like wearable computing, health monitoring, medical diagnostics, and curvilinear electronics.
Abstract: Stretchable electronics is a revolutionary technology that will potentially create a world of radically different electronic devices and systems that open up an entirely new spectrum of possibilities This article proposes a microfluidic based solution for stretchable radio frequency (RF) electronics, using hybrid integration of active circuits assembled on flex foils and liquid alloy passive structures embedded in elastic substrates, eg polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) This concept was employed to implement a 900 MHz stretchable RF radiation sensor, consisting of a large area elastic antenna and a cluster of conventional rigid components for RF power detection The integrated radiation sensor except the power supply was fully embedded in a thin elastomeric substrate Good electrical performance of the standalone stretchable antenna as well as the RF power detection sub-module was verified by experiments The sensor successfully detected the RF radiation over 5 m distance in the system demonstration Experiments on two-dimensional (2D) stretching up to 15%, folding and twisting of the demonstrated sensor were also carried out Despite the integrated device was severely deformed, no failure in RF radiation sensing was observed in the tests This technique illuminates a promising route of realizing stretchable and foldable large area integrated RF electronics that are of great interest to a variety of applications like wearable computing, health monitoring, medical diagnostics, and curvilinear electronics

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current status of research on graphene-based electronic devices for RF applications and the future challenges facing this rising technology and its feasibility for a new generation of applications in RF communications and circuits are discussed.
Abstract: Graphene, a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, has recently attracted great interest among physicists and engineers. The combination of the unique properties of graphene with new device concepts and nanotechnology can overcome some of the main limitations of traditional radio frequency electronics in terms of maximum frequency, linearity, and power dissipation. In this article we review the current status of research on graphene-based electronic devices for RF applications. The future challenges facing this rising technology and its feasibility for a new generation of applications in RF communications and circuits are also discussed.

Patent
06 Aug 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a method of etching a dielectric layer with the plasma is described, where the first, second, and third signals are synchronized and the phase variance between the first and second bias signals is adjusted to control at least one of the ion density non-uniformity in the plasma or charge build-up.
Abstract: Methods for processing a substrate are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of etching a dielectric layer includes generating a plasma by pulsing a first RF source signal having a first duty cycle; applying a second RF bias signal having a second duty cycle to the plasma; applying a third RF bias signal having a third duty cycle to the plasma, wherein the first, second, and third signals are synchronized; adjusting a phase variance between the first RF source signal and at least one of the second or third RF bias signals to control at least one of plasma ion density non-uniformity in the plasma or charge build-up on the dielectric layer; and etching the dielectric layer with the plasma.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
04 Nov 2010
TL;DR: The proposed methodology allows the identification of coverage gaps, which may cause bottlenecks in the network, prior to deployment and therefore supports efficient and reliable deployment and operation of the system.
Abstract: This paper describes the system architecture and the performance evaluation of a Radio Frequency (RF) mesh based system for smart energy management applications in the Neighborhood Area Network (NAN). The RF mesh system presented in this paper leverages the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band at 902-928 MHz and is based on frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). The performance evaluation is based on a geographical model of the deployment scenario and implements geographical routing combined with appropriate radio propagation models. The results show that the system is able to handle Smart Metering communication traffic with a high reliability provided potential coverage gaps are properly filled with repeater nodes. The proposed methodology allows the identification of coverage gaps, which may cause bottlenecks in the network, prior to deployment and therefore supports efficient and reliable deployment and operation of the system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental results of a systematic study of rf breakdown phenomenon in high vacuum accelerator structures were presented, where the surface processing, geometry, and materials of the structures have been varied, one parameter at a time.
Abstract: We present the experimental results of a systematic study of rf breakdown phenomenon in high vacuum accelerator structures In this study, the surface processing, geometry, and materials of the structures have been varied, one parameter at a time The breakdown rate or alternatively, the probability of breakdown/pulse/meter has been recorded for different operating parameters These statistical data reveal a strong dependence of breakdown probability on surface magnetic field, or alternatively on surface pulsed heating This is in contrast to the classical view of electric field dependence We will present our experimental methodology and results showing this remarkable correlation

Patent
12 Nov 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, optical fiber-based distributed communications systems that provide and support both radio frequency (RF) communication services and digital data services are disclosed. But the authors focus on the optical fiber and electrical power lines, where the digital data service signals are converted to electrical power signals that may be carried over the electrical power line.
Abstract: Optical fiber-based distributed communications systems that provide and support both radio frequency (RF) communication services and digital data services are disclosed herein. The RF communication services and digital data services can be distributed over optical fiber and electrical power lines to client devices, such as remote antenna units for example. The digital data services can be distributed by using an electrical power line, where the electrical power line also provides power to remote antenna units and to digital data service components. The electrical digital data service signals that provide the digital data services are converted to electrical power signals that may be carried over the electrical power line.

Journal ArticleDOI
16 Sep 2010-ACS Nano
TL;DR: For the first time, GHz device operation of nanowire arrays is demonstrated, despite the relatively long channel lengths used, and the work presents a new platform for flexible, ultrahigh frequency devices with potential applications in high-performance digital and analog circuitry.
Abstract: The radio frequency response of InAs nanowire array transistors on mechanically flexible substrates is characterized. For the first time, GHz device operation of nanowire arrays is demonstrated, despite the relatively long channel lengths of ∼1.5 μm used in this work. Specifically, the transistors exhibit an impressive maximum frequency of oscillation, f(max) ∼ 1.8 GHz, and a cutoff frequency, f(t) ∼ 1 GHz. The high-frequency response of the devices is due to the high saturation velocity of electrons in high-mobility InAs nanowires. The work presents a new platform for flexible, ultrahigh frequency devices with potential applications in high-performance digital and analog circuitry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a vector network analyzer is used to detect the mechanical motion of graphene mechanical resonators, and a local gate is employed to minimize the parasitic capacitance of graphene resonators.
Abstract: We report radio frequency (rf) electrical readout of graphene mechanical resonators. The mechanical motion is actuated and detected directly by using a vector network analyzer, employing a local gate to minimize parasitic capacitance. A resist-free doubly clamped sample with resonant frequency ∼34 MHz, quality factor ∼10 000 at 77 K, and signal-to-background ratio of over 20 dB is demonstrated. In addition to being over two orders of magnitude faster than the electrical rf mixing method, this technique paves the way for use of graphene in rf devices such as filters and oscillators.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 2010
TL;DR: A joint design of transmit-receive mixed analog/digital beamformers that aim at maximizing the received average signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and shows better performance than state-of-art solutions, which combine antenna selection techniques and digital beamforming.
Abstract: Multi-antenna architectures, where beamforming processing is shared between analog and digital, are of great interest for future multi-Gbps wireless systems operating at 60 GHz. In this spectrum band, wireless systems can integrate large antenna arrays in a very small volume thanks to a wavelength of about 5 mm and thus provide the required gain to meet the severe link budget. However, the cost and power consumption of an analog front-end (AFE) chain, that carries out translation between radio frequency (RF) and digital baseband, are too high at 60 GHz to afford one AFE for each antenna. In this paper, we consider low cost multi-antenna architectures with a lower number of AFE chains than antenna elements. We propose a joint design of transmit-receive mixed analog/digital beamformers that aim at maximizing the received average signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). The proposed scheme shows better performance than state-of-art solutions, which combine antenna selection techniques and digital beamforming.

Patent
04 Jun 2010
TL;DR: In this article, a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier system adjusts the supply voltage provided to a power amplifier (PA) adaptively, responsive to the measured or estimated power of the RF output signal of the PA.
Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) power amplifier system adjusts the supply voltage provided to a power amplifier (PA) adaptively, responsive to the measured or estimated power of the RF output signal of the PA. The RF PA system includes a power amplifier (PA) which receives and amplifies an RF input signal to generate an RF output signal at a level suitable for transmission to an antenna. A PA supply voltage controller generates a supply voltage control signal, which is used to control the supply voltage to the final stage of the PA. The supply voltage control signal is generated responsive to the measured or estimated power of the PA RF output signal, and also may be responsive to a parameter indicative of impedance mismatch experienced at the PA output. By controlling this supply voltage to the RF PA, the efficiency of the PA is improved.

Patent
Ahmadreza Rofougaran1
19 Apr 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, a radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an RFID reader, a tag, and a network connection module, where the reader RF bus transceiver exchanges at least one of the inbound RFID data and outbound data with the network RF bus via an RF bus.
Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) system includes an RFID reader, an RFID tag, and a network connection module. The RFID reader includes a reader radio frequency (RF) bus transceiver. The network connection module includes a network connection RF bus transceiver, wherein the reader RF bus transceiver exchanges at least one of inbound RFID data and outbound RFID data with the network RF bus transceiver via an RF bus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reviews three radio-over-fiber systems based on optical frequency multiplication (up to 6 times) to reduce the bandwidth requirement of optical transmitters to facilitate multi-gigabit-per-second wireless services.
Abstract: The increasing demand for wireless video-based interactive and multimedia data services explains why 60-GHz millimeter-wave wireless system is a promising candidate to provide multi-gigabit-per-second wireless services. While attempting to generate and transmit 60 GHz signals in a wireless system cost effectively and increase the spectral efficiency to facilitate multi-gigabit-per-second services, this work reviews three radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems based on optical frequency multiplication (up to 6 times) to reduce the bandwidth requirement of optical transmitters. Additionally, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with multi-level modulation formats (16 QAM) are utilized to achieve an ultrahigh data rate of 28 Gbps within the 7-GHz license-free band and compensate for an uneven frequency response of 60-GHz RoF systems. Negligible power penalty following 25-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) transmission is observed, capable of significantly extending the service range to various applications within a building or campus.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A postmanufacture self-tuning technique that aims to compensate for multiparameter variations is presented, which incorporates a response feature and hardware tuning knobs designed into the RF circuit and can be applied to other RF circuits as well.
Abstract: In the deep-submicrometer design regime, RF circuits are expected to be increasingly susceptible to process variations, and thereby suffer from significant loss of parametric yield. To address this problem, a postmanufacture self-tuning technique that aims to compensate for multiparameter variations is presented. The proposed method incorporates a ?response feature? detector and ?hardware tuning knobs,? designed into the RF circuit. The RF device test response to a specially crafted diagnostic test stimulus is logged via the built-in detector and embedded analog-to-digital converter. Analysis and prediction of the optimal tuning knob control values for performance compensation is performed using software running on the baseband DSP processor. As a result, the RF circuit performance can be diagnosed and tuned with minimal assistance from external test equipment. Multiple RF performance parameters can be adjusted simultaneously under tuning knob control. The proposed concepts are illustrated for an RF low-noise amplifier (LNA) design and can be applied to other RF circuits as well. A simulation case study and hardware measurements on a fabricated 1.9-GHz LNAs show significant parametric yield enhancement (up to 58%) across the critical RF performance specifications of interest.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a self-coupled piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) contour-mode microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators are connected in series and electrically coupled using their intrinsic capacitance.
Abstract: This paper reports experimental results on single-chip multi-frequency channel-select filters based on self-coupled piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) contour-mode microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators. Two-port AlN contour-mode resonators are connected in series and electrically coupled using their intrinsic capacitance to realize multi-frequency (94–271 MHz), narrow bandwidth (∼0.2%), low insertion loss (∼2.3 dB), high off-band rejection (∼60 dB) and high linearity (IIP3 ∼100 dBmV) channel-select filters on the same chip. This technology enables multi-frequency, high-performance and small-form-factor filter arrays and makes a single-chip multi-band reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) solution possible in the near future.