Showing papers on "Radio wave published in 2021"

Emission Mechanisms of Fast Radio Bursts

Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are recently discovered mysterious single pulses of radio emission, mostly coming from cosmological distances (∼1 Gpc). Their short duration, ∼1 ms, and large luminosity demonstrate coherent emission. I review the basic physics of coherent emission mechanisms proposed for FRBs. In particular, I discuss the curvature emission of bunches, the synchrotron maser, and the emission of radio waves by variable currents during magnetic reconnection. Special attention is paid to magnetar flares as the most promising sources of FRBs. Non-linear effects are outlined that could place bounds on the power of the outgoing radiation.

Analysis of Long-Range VHF Radio Waves Propagation to Specify Protection Ratios Between Coexisting DRM+, RAVIS and IBOC Systems

Abstract: The potential problem of mutual interference between different digital sound broadcasting systems such as DRM+, RAVIS and IBOC (HD-Radio) in the Band II of VHF range is being considered. Propagation prediction methods for point-to-area communication paths for terrestrial VHF services are analyzed. The criteria for the selection of transmitters - potential sources of interference have been determined. Their limiting distance is determined based on the attenuation (basic transmission loss) in free space. The basic conditions of the EMC for the scenario of interference between different broadcasting networks have been determined. The field strength of the wanted signal shall be calculated for 50% locations and 50% reception time. The field strength of the interfering signal shall be calculated for 50% locations and 1% reception time taking into account the combined location correction factor. It is shown that the combined location correction factor is 15.6 dB for outdoor reception and 18.1 dB for indoor reception (for 95% of locations) for closed paths and 10.7 dB on open paths.

Parametric Simulation Studies on the Wave Propagation of Solar Radio Emission: The Source Size, Duration, and Position

Abstract: The observed features of the radio sources indicate complex propagation effects embedded in the waves of solar radio bursts. In this work, we perform ray-tracing simulations on radio wave transport in the corona and interplanetary region with anisotropic electron density fluctuations. For the first time, the variation of the apparent source size, burst duration, and source position of both fundamental emission and harmonic emission at frequency 35 MHz are simulated as the function of the anisotropic parameter $\alpha$ and the angular scattering rate coefficient $\eta =\epsilon^2/h_0$, where $\epsilon^2={\langle \delta n^2\rangle}/{n^2}$ is the density fluctuation level and $h_0$ is its correlation length near the wave exciting site. It is found that isotropic fluctuations produce a much larger decay time than a highly anisotropic fluctuation for fundamental emission. By comparing the observed duration and source size with the simulation results in the parameter space, we can estimate the scattering coefficient and the anisotropy parameter $\eta = 8.9\times 10^{-5}\, \mathrm{km^{-1}}$ and $\alpha = 0.719$ with point pulse source assumption. Position offsets due to wave scattering and refraction can produce the co-spatial of fundamental and harmonic waves in observations of some type III radio bursts. The visual speed due to the wave propagation effect can reach 1.5\,$c$ for $\eta = 2.4\times 10^{-4}\, \mathrm{km^{-1}}$ and $\alpha=0.2$ for fundamental emission in the sky plane, accompanying with large expansion rate of the source size. The visual speed direction is mostly identical to the offset direction, thus, for the observation aiming at obtaining the source position, the source centroid at the starting point is closer to the wave excitation point.

Hybrid MDM-PDM based Ro-FSO System for broadband services by incorporating donut modes under diverse weather conditions

Abstract: The ongoing demand of high-speed data has surged the wireless operators to foster new technologies for providing broadband services in sensitive locations. One of the thrust areas is hospital infrastructure where there is a need to transmit crucial bio-sensor data from the patient room to the doctor’s chamber. However, in such sensitive locations, the use of radio waves is not permitted due to its interference with other portions of electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover, radio waves can compromise the health of patients by interfering with highly sensitive medical equipment. Radio over Free Space Optics (Ro-FSO) may fulfill the demand of high-speed broadband services in such sensitive locations where radio waves are not permitted. Ro-FSO allows transmission of high-speed broadband services without the interference of other portions of electromagnetic spectrum and hence it can be an excellent solution for hospital infrastructures. However, the Ro-FSO performance is highly influenced by different adverse weather conditions, particularly haze and rainfall, which further cause attenuation in the transmission path of Ro-FSO systems. These atmospheric turbulences mainly affect the transmission link range of Ro-FSO systems. In this work, we have designed Ro-FSO system by incorporating hybrid mode division multiplexing (MDM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM) schemes to deliver four independent channels, each carrying 10Gbps data upconverted to 40GHz radio signal, over 3.4km free space optical link operating under clear weather conditions. In addition to this, the proposed Ro-FSO link is subjected to different weather conditions, particularly partially hazy/rainy and dense fog/very rainy. The reported results indicate the achievement of acceptable bit error rate (BER≈10-3) for all channels up to 3400m FSO link under clear weather conditions, 1000m under partially haze/rain and 620m under dense fog/heavy rain.

Can a Strong Radio Burst Escape the Magnetosphere of a Magnetar

Abstract: We examine the possibility that fast radio bursts (FRBs) are emitted inside the magnetosphere of a magnetar. On its way out, the radio wave must interact with a low-density $e^\pm$ plasma in the outer magnetosphere at radii $10^9$-$10^{10}\,$cm. In this region, the magnetospheric particles have a huge cross section for scattering the wave. As a result, the wave strongly interacts with the magnetosphere and compresses it, depositing the FRB energy into the compressed field and the scattered radiation. The scattered spectrum extends to the $\gamma$-ray band and triggers $e^\pm$ avalanche, further boosting the opacity. These processes choke FRBs, excluding emission of observed bursts from radii $R\ll 10^{10}\,$cm.

Statistical investigation of gravity wave characteristics in the ionosphere

Abstract: Propagation of medium-scale gravity waves (GWs) in the thermosphere/ionosphere is observed remotely, using multi-frequency and multi-point continuous Doppler sounding system located in the western part of Czechia Reflection heights of the sounding radio waves are determined from a nearby ionosonde Phase velocity vectors of GWs are calculated from time/phase delays between signals corresponding to different transmitter–receiver pairs that reflect in the ionosphere at different locations As various frequencies reflect at different heights, reflection points of radio signals are separated both horizontally and vertically, and the investigation of GW propagation in the ionosphere is performed in three dimensions Results obtained for two 1-year periods representing the solar maximum (July 2014–June 2015) and current solar minimum (September 2018–August 2019) are presented It is shown that GWs in the ionosphere usually propagated with wave vectors directed obliquely downward A statistical distribution of wave vector elevation angles is presented A model of neutral winds is used to estimate the wave characteristics in the wind-rest frame It is found that the distribution of elevation angles is narrower in the wind-rest frame than in the Earth frame Seasonal and diurnal changes of propagation directions and attenuations of GWs are discussed The wind-rest frame wavelengths of the analyzed GWs were usually from ~ 80 to 300 km, and the propagation velocities were mostly between ~ 100 and ~ 220 m/s

Pulsars with NenuFAR: Backend and pipelines

Abstract: Context. NenuFAR (New extension in Nancay upgrading LOFAR) is a new radio telescope developed and built on the site of the Nancay Radio Observatory. It is designed to observe the largely unexplored frequency window from 10 to 85 MHz, offering a high sensitivity across its full bandwidth. NenuFAR has started its “early science” operation in July 2019, with 58% of its final collecting area. Aims. Pulsars are one of the major phenomena utilized in the scientific exploitation of this frequency range and represent an important challenge in terms of instrumentation. Designing instrumentation at these frequencies is complicated by the need to compensate for the effects of both the interstellar medium and the ionosphere on the observed signal. We have designed a dedicated backend and developed a complete pulsar observation and data analysis pipeline, which we describe in detail in the present paper, together with first science results illustrating the diversity of the pulsar observing modes. Methods. Our real-time pipeline LUPPI (Low frequency Ultimate Pulsar Processing Instrumentation) is able to cope with a high data rate and provide real-time coherent de-dispersion down to the lowest frequencies reached by NenuFAR (10 MHz). The full backend functionality is described, as the available pulsar observing modes (folded, single-pulse, waveform, and dynamic spectrum). Results. We also present some of the early science results of NenuFAR on pulsars: the detection of 12 millisecond pulsars (eight of which are detected for the first time below 100 MHz); a high-frequency resolution mapping of the PSR B1919+21 emission profile and a detailed observation of single-pulse substructures from PSR B0809+74 down to 16 MHz; the high rate of giant-pulse emission from the Crab pulsar detected at 68.7 MHz (43 events per minute); and the illustration of the very good timing performance of the instrumentation, which allows us to study dispersion measure variations in great detail.

Radio Constraints of Dark Matter: A Review and Some Future Perspectives

Abstract: In the past few decades, many studies have analyzed the data of gamma-rays, X-rays, radio waves, electrons, positrons, anti-protons, and neutrinos to search for the signal of dark matter annihilation. In particular, analyzing radio data has been one of the most important and effective ways to constrain dark matter. In this article, we review the physics and the theoretical framework of using radio data to constrain annihilating dark matter. We also review some important radio constraints of annihilating dark matter and discuss the future perspectives of using radio detection to reveal the nature of dark matter.

Sub-second periodicity in a fast radio burst

Abstract: The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs), millisecond-duration flashes of radio waves that are visible at distances of billions of light-years, remains an open astrophysical question. Here we report the detection of the multi-component FRB 20191221A with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project (CHIME/FRB), and the identification of a periodic separation of 216.8(1) ms between its components with a significance of 6.5 sigmas. The long (~ 3 s) duration and nine or more components forming the pulse profile make this source an outlier in the FRB population. We also report two additional FRBs, 20210206A and 20210213A, whose multi-component pulse profiles show some indication of periodic separations of 2.8(1) and 10.7(1) ms, respectively, suggesting the possible existence of a group of FRBs with complex and periodic pulse profiles. Such short periodicities provide strong evidence for a neutron-star origin of these events. Moreover, our detections favour emission arising from the neutron-star magnetosphere, as opposed to emission regions located further away from the star, as predicted by some models. Possible explanations for the observed periodicity include super-giant pulses from a neutron star that are possibly related to a magnetar outburst and interacting neutron stars in a binary system.

Deployment of Li-Fi in indoor positioning systems

Abstract: The number of connected devices is rapidly increasing and the radio spectrum is not enough, but the visible light spectrum is broad enough to accommodate all the devices. Radio waves cause signal distortion which harms the efficiency of the system, but light rays are less prone to signal distortion. The purpose of this research is to establish efficient Li-Fi one-way communication and to derive a mathematical formula for finding exact coordinates of the object by utilizing some 3D geometrical concepts. The proposed model in this paper is responsible for finding the exact coordinates of the object irrespective of the physical architecture of the indoor area. This research uses only 10 bytes of data packet size for accurate positioning in an area that can accommodate more than 1000 transmitters. The accuracy received in indoor positioning using the mathematical formulas prescribed here is up to 6 cm, which is a benchmark in the field of indoor positioning.

Beam Steering of Orbital Angular Momentum Vortex Waves With Spherical Conformal Array

Abstract: In this letter, a spherical conformal antenna is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to realize the beam steering of orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves with hemisphere coverage. The theoretical formula of phase shift is deduced to design the conformal array antenna producing vortex radio waves with arbitrary beam direction. A prototype of a geodesic dome-based spherical conformal phased-array antenna is presented to validate the theoretical analysis. The experimental results verify that the hemispherical beam steering of OAM vortex waves can be effectively and flexibly generated. The proposed method can provide a reference for OAM vortex communication with full space coverage.

ELF/VLF Communication Experiment by Modulated Heating of Ionospheric Auroral Electrojet at EISCAT

Abstract: Amplitude modulation high-frequency (HF) radio waves at extremely low frequencies (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequencies (VLF, 3–30 kHz), heating the ionosphere, can nonlinearly modulate the auroral electrojet to produce ELF/VLF waves for long-distance communication. This article presents the results of the first ELF/VLF communication experiments being conducted at Tromso, where the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) HF facility is located. The ELF/VLF waves from the ionosphere are modulated by quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) and used for communication. The ELF signals of 2017 Hz at 20 and 100 b/s, as well as VLF signals of 3517 Hz at 20, 100, and 400 b/s, received by a ground-based receiver (15 km away from the heater) were decoded, albeit with a high bit error rate (BER) for 3517 Hz at 20 b/s. With the decoding principle of QPSK, we attempted to find a solution to reduce the BER for future communication experiments. Based on the results of the ground experiment, the transmitted signals of 2017 Hz at 20 b/s were selected in the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) reception experiments. In a first, we demonstrate that ELF communication signals generated by the amplitude modulation heating of the ionosphere have been successfully received by the satellite and the ground-based receiver. These experimental results confirm that the ELF/VLF waves radiated by amplitude modulation heating of the auroral electrojet can be used for long-distance communication in future.

The effects of density inhomogeneities on the radio wave emission in electron beam plasmas

Abstract: Type III radio bursts are radio emissions associated with solar flares. They are considered to be caused by electron beams travelling from the solar corona to the solar wind. Magnetic reconnection is a possible accelerator of electron beams in the course of solar flares since it causes unstable distribution functions and density inhomogeneities (cavities). The properties of radio emission by electron beams in an inhomogeneous environment are still poorly understood. We capture the nonlinear kinetic plasma processes of the generation of beam-related radio emissions in inhomogeneous plasmas by utilizing fully kinetic particle-in-cell code numerical simulations. Our model takes into account initial electron velocity distribution functions (EVDFs) as they are supposed to be created by magnetic reconnection. We focus our analysis on low-density regions with strong magnetic fields. The assumed EVDFs allow two distinct mechanisms of radio wave emissions: plasma emission due to wave–wave interactions and so-called electron cyclotron maser emission (ECME) due to direct wave–particle interactions. We investigate the effects of density inhomogeneities on the conversion of free energy from the electron beams into the energy of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves via plasma emission and ECME, as well as the frequency shift of electron resonances caused by perpendicular gradients in the beam EVDFs. Our most important finding is that the number of harmonics of Langmuir waves increases due to the presence of density inhomogeneities. The additional harmonics of Langmuir waves are generated by a coalescence of beam-generated Langmuir waves and their harmonics.

Testing a 5G Communication System: Kriging-Aided O2I Path Loss Modeling Based on 3.5 GHz Measurement Analysis.

Abstract: Deep knowledge of how radio waves behave in a practical wireless channel is required for the effective planning and deployment of radio access networks in outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) environments. Using more than 400 non-line-of-sight (NLOS) radio measurements at 3.5 GHz, this study analyzes and validates a novel O2I measurement-based path loss prediction narrowband model that characterizes and estimates shadowing through Kriging techniques. The prediction results of the developed model are compared with those of the most traditional assumption of slow fading as a random variable: COST231, WINNER+, ITU-R, 3GPP urban microcell O2I models and field measured data. The results showed and guaranteed that the predicted path loss accuracy, expressed in terms of the mean error, standard deviation and root mean square error (RMSE) was significantly better with the proposed model; it considerably decreased the average error for both scenarios under evaluation.

LOFAR observations of radio burst source sizes and scattering in the solar corona

Abstract: Low frequency radio wave scattering and refraction can have a dramatic effect on the observed size and position of radio sources in the solar corona. The scattering and refraction is thought to be due to fluctuations in electron density caused by turbulence. Hence, determining the true radio source size can provide information on the turbulence in coronal plasma. However, the lack of high spatial resolution radio interferometric observations at low frequencies, such as with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), has made it difficult to determine the true radio source size and level of radio wave scattering. Here we directly fit the visibilities of a LOFAR observation of a Type IIIb radio burst with an elliptical Gaussian to determine its source size and position. This circumvents the need to image the source and then de-convolve LOFAR’s point spread function, which can introduce spurious effects to the source size and shape. For a burst at 34.76 MHz, we find full width at half maximum (FWHM) heights along the major and minor axes to be 18.8′ ± 0.1′ and 10.2′ ± 0.1′, respectively, at a plane of sky heliocentric distance of 1.75 R ⊙ . Our results suggest that the level of density fluctuations in the solar corona is the main cause of the scattering of radio waves, resulting in large source sizes. However, the magnitude of e may be smaller than what has been previously derived in observations of radio wave scattering in tied-array images.

Radio Wave Characteristics Distorted During Geospace Storm: Results of Multi-Frequency Multiple Path Oblique Sounding of Ionosphere

Abstract: We have made measurements of HF radio waves at the Harbin Engineering University, the People's Republic of China, during the geospace storm of August 30-September 2, 2019. Further, we have performed a general analysis of space weather, and afterwards the data and disturbances in the ionosphere have been analysed in order to determine the effect that the ionospheric storm had on the parameters of radio waves. The main results of this analysis could be summarised as follows. The magnetic storm power and energy have been calculated to be 9 × 109W and 1.5 ×1015J, i.e., the storm was moderate. The geospace storm included a strong to moderate negative ionospheric storm. During August 31, 2019 and September 1, 2019, the $F$ region of the ionosphere showed a reduction in the electron density by a factor of 1.4 to 2.4 in comparison with the electron densities observed on the reference day. The geospace storm also caused notable disturbances in the midlatitude $E$ region of the ionosphere, and in the sporadic E s layer. During the ionospheric storm, the heights of reflection could undergo a drastic rise from ~150 km to ~300-310 km. The geospace storm launched atmospheric gravity waves that modulated the electron density in the ionosphere.

Radio Emission by Soliton Formation in Relativistically Hot Streaming Pulsar Pair Plasmas

Abstract: A number of possible pulsar radio emission mechanisms are based on streaming instabilities in relativistically hot electron-positron pair plasmas. At saturation the unstable waves can form, in principle, stable solitary waves which could emit the observed intense radio signals. We searched for the proper plasma parameters which would lead to the formation of solitons, investigated their properties and dynamics as well as the resulting oscillations of electrons and positrons possibly leading to radio wave emission. We utilized a one-dimensional version of the relativistic Particle-in-Cell code ACRONYM initialized with an appropriately parameterized one-dimensional Maxwell-Juttner velocity space particle distribution to study the evolution of the resulting streaming instability in a pulsar pair plasma. We found that strong electrostatic superluminal L-mode solitons are formed for plasmas with normalized inverse temperatures $\rho \geq 1.66$ or relative beam drift speeds with Lorentz factors $\gamma > 40$. The parameters of the solitons fulfill the wave emission conditions. For appropriate pulsar parameters the resulting energy densities of superluminal solitons can reach up to $1.1 \times 10^5$ erg$\cdot$cm$^{-3}$, while those of subluminal solitons reach only up to $1.2 \times 10^4$ erg$\cdot$cm$^{-3}$. Estimated energy densities of up to $7 \times 10^{12}$ erg$\cdot$cm$^{-3}$ suffice to explain pulsar nanoshots.

Scattering of ultrastrong electromagnetic waves by magnetized particles

Abstract: Observations of powerful radio waves from neutron star magnetospheres raise the question of how strong waves interact with particles in a strong background magnetic field $B_{bg}$. This problem is examined by solving the particle motion in the wave. Remarkably, waves with amplitudes $E_0>B_{bg}$ pump particle energy via repeating resonance events, quickly reaching the radiation reaction limit. As a result, the wave is scattered with a huge cross section. This fact has great implications for models of fast radio bursts and magnetars. Particles accelerated in the wave emit gamma-rays, which can trigger an $e^\pm$ avalanche and, instead of silent escape, the wave will produce X-ray fireworks.

Rapid and Accurate Measurement of Polarization and Fading of Weak VHF Signals Obliquely Reflected From Sporadic-E Layers

Abstract: In the E-region of the ionosphere, at heights between 90 and 130 km, thin patches of enhanced ionization occur intermittently. The electron density in these sporadic-E (Es) clouds can sometimes be so high that radio waves with frequencies up to 150 MHz are obliquely reflected. While this phenomenon is well known, the reflection mechanism itself is not well understood. To investigate this question, an experimental system has been developed for accurate polarimetric and fading measurements of 50 MHz radio waves obliquely reflected by mid-latitude Es layers. The overall sensitivity of the system is optimized by reducing environmental electromagnetic noise, giving the ability to observe weak, short-lived 50 MHz Es propagation events. The effect of the ground reflection on observed polarization is analyzed and the induced amplitude and phase biases are compensated. It is found that accurate measurements are only possible below the pseudo-Brewster angle. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, initial empirical results are presented which provide clear evidence of magneto-ionic double refraction.

Algorithm of Low-Flying Target Tracking in Monopulse Radar Stations Based on a Unscented Kalman Filter

Abstract: Using the model of multipath propagation of radio waves and the method of unscented Kalman filtering, a nonlinear adaptive algorithm for tracking low-flying targets in a monopulse radar station has been developed. This algorithm, in contrast to the extended Kalman filter, makes it possible to compensate for significant autocorrelated interference in measurements of the elevation angle of low-flying targets, arising from reflections of radio waves from the underlying surface. The results of simulation of the proposed algorithm are presented.

Noninvasive visualization of electrical conductivity in tissues at the micrometer scale.

Abstract: Despite its importance in regulating cellular or tissue function, electrical conductivity can only be visualized in tissue indirectly as voltage potentials using fluorescent techniques, or directly with radio waves. These either requires invasive procedures like genetic modification or suffers from limited resolution. Here, we introduce radio-frequency thermoacoustic mesoscopy (RThAM) for the noninvasive imaging of conductivity by exploiting the direct absorption of near-field ultrashort radio-frequency pulses to stimulate the emission of broadband ultrasound waves. Detection of ultrasound rather than radio waves enables micrometer-scale resolutions, over several millimeters of tissue depth. We confirm an imaging resolution of

Testing Electrophysical Parameters of Metamaterials by the Method of Surface Electromagnetic Waves

Abstract: The development of metamaterials has led to the search and selection of effective methods for radio wave nondestructive testing of their electrophysical parameters. The existing approaches to testing, based on the recovery of the effective electrophysical parameters of metamaterials from the reflection and transmission coefficients of an electromagnetic wave, have low reliability and do not provide the local inspection of the parameters. In this paper, we propose for the first time a radio-wave method for local inspection of complex dielectric and magnetic permeabilities, as well as the thickness of flat-layered samples of metamaterials on a metal substrate using surface electromagnetic waves of the microwave range. The method is based on solving the inverse problem of determining the effective electrophysical parameters of a metamaterial from the frequency dependence of the complex attenuation coefficient of the field of a surface electromagnetic wave excited in the sample under study. In this case, the electrophysical parameters of the metamaterial are represented in the form of parametric frequency functions in accordance with the Drude–Lorentz dispersion models, and the solution of the inverse problem is reduced to minimizing the objective function constructed from the discrepancy between the experimental and calculated theoretical values of the attenuation coefficients of the surface electromagnetic wave field on a grid of discrete frequencies. The structure of the measuring complex that implements the proposed inspection method is presented. A sample of a flat-layered metamaterial based on SRR elements with a region of negative refraction in the frequency range of 10.06–10.64 GHz was investigated for the numerical and experimental verification of the method. Experimental verification has shown that the local values of the effective electrophysical parameters of the studied metamaterial differ from the calculated ones by no more than 10%.

Soft Clustering for Enhancing ITU Rain Model based on Machine Learning Techniques

Abstract: With the many folds increase in demand for capacity in mobile broadband communication technology every year, wireless carriers must be prepared for the tremendous increase in mobile traffic in coming years. It forces scientists and researchers to come up with new wireless spectrum bands which has capabilities to support higher data rates. The higher spectrum bands like millimeter waves are the candidate band for this type of problems. This band comes with the challenges of radio wave attenuations oof signals due to the presence of gases, water vapor and other weather phenomenon like rain, storms, snow, hail etc. Different models are presented in order to predict attenuation due to rain out of which ITU-R model is the widely acceptable model. The ITU-R model contains complex methodology for calculating regression coefficients which are depends on frequency and polarization. In this paper, K-Means algorithm is used to propose an improved ITU-R model. Proposed model can make up the shortcoming of ITU-R model to determine the break-up points in frequency range and obtained soft clusters have been trained by machine learning algorithms then proposes a mathematical model for prediction of radio wave attenuation due to rain. The implementation results of proposed model were also compared with the ITU-R model.

Prediction of Radio Wave Attenuation due to Cloud Using Machine Learning Techniques

Abstract: The latest development in wireless technology has resulted in a surge in demand for higher frequency bands from all corners of the mobile industry. As next-generation mobile technology advance at a breakneck pace and the world moves to an online platform, technologies that provide faster internet with no lag are needed. Owing to the availability of higher bandwidth, millimetre waves and sub-millimeter waves are better candidates for this form of operation. These higher frequencies are hampered by environmental attenuation caused by rain, fog, dust, and other factors. In the case of satellite communication, cloud-induced radio wave attenuation is important. For calculating attenuation, various models such as ITU-R, Slobin, Gunn, and others are available, but ITU-R is the most commonly accepted. Water droplet dielectric constants are determined by calculating attenuation using the ITU-R model. Using machine learning techniques, a new method for measuring the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant of a water droplet is presented in this paper. The proposed model's results are compared to the ITU-R model's. In comparison to the ITU-R model, the proposed model has the advantage of being very straightforward since it includes quadric equations.