Topic
Raman spectroscopy
About: Raman spectroscopy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 122605 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2891083 citations. The topic is also known as: Raman Spectrum Analysis & spectrum Analysis, Raman.
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01 Jan 1964
TL;DR: Theoretical analysis of molecular vibrational and rotational spectra has been studied in this paper, with a focus on the Vibrational Origin of Group Frequencies (VIB).
Abstract: Vibrational and Rotational Spectra. IR Experimental Considerations. Molecular Symmetry. The Vibrational Origin of Group Frequencies. Methyl and Methylene Groups. Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds. Olefin Groups. Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Rings. Carbonyl Compounds. Ethers, Alcohols, and Phenols. Amines, C=N, and N=O Compounds. Compounds Conking Boron, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, or Halogen. Major Spectra-Structure Correlations by Spectral Regions. The Theoretical Analysis of Molecular Vibrations.
5,173 citations
TL;DR: The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect was first discovered by Fleischmann, Van Duyne, Creighton, and Creighton as discussed by the authors, who showed that molecules adsorbed on specially prepared silver surfaces produce a Raman spectrum that is at times a millionfold more intense than expected.
Abstract: In 1978 it was discovered, largely through the work of Fleischmann, Van Duyne, Creighton, and their coworkers that molecules adsorbed on specially prepared silver surfaces produce a Raman spectrum that is at times a millionfold more intense than expected. This effect was dubbed surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Since then the effect has been demonstrated with many molecules and with a number of metals, including Cu, Ag, Au, Li, Na, K, In, Pt, and Rh. In addition, related phenomena such as surface-enhanced second-harmonic generation, four-wave mixing, absorption, and fluorescence have been observed. Although not all fine points of the enhancement mechanism have been clarified, the majority view is that the largest contributor to the intensity amplification results from the electric field enhancement that occurs in the vicinity of small, interacting metal particles that are illuminated with light resonant or near resonant with the localized surface-plasmon frequency of the metal structure. Small in this context is gauged in relation to the wavelength of light. The special preparations required to produce the effect, which include among other techniques electrochemical oxidation-reduction cycling, deposition of metal on very cold substrates, and the generation of metal-island films and colloids, is now understood to be necessary as a means of producing surfaces with appropriate electromagnetic resonances that may couple to electromagnetic fields either by generating rough films (as in the case of the former two examples) or by placing small metal particles in close proximity to one another (as in the case of the latter two). For molecules chemisorbed on SERS-active surface there exists a "chemical enhancement" in addition to the electromagnetic effect. Although difficult to measure accurately, the magnitude of this effect rarely exceeds a factor of 10 and is best thought to arise from the modification of the Raman polarizability tensor of the adsorbate resulting from the formation of a complex between the adsorbate and the metal. Rather than an enhancement mechanism, the chemical effect is more logically to be regarded as a change in the nature and identity of the adsorbate.
5,005 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the first-order and double resonance Raman scattering mechanisms in graphene, which give rise to the most prominent Raman features and give special emphasis to the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy to distinguish a monolayer from few-layer graphene stacked in the Bernal configuration.
4,945 citations
TL;DR: Several negatively charged dyes were investigated for their possible adsorption on the surface of colloidal particles and those dyes that were found to adsorb on the particles were then checked for surface enhancement of Raman scattering.
Abstract: Several negatively charged dyes were investigated for their possible adsorption on the surface of silver and gold colloidal particles. Those dyes that were found to adsorb on the particles were then checked for surface enhancement of Raman scattering. Highly efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was observed from a carbocyanine dye in both sols. Excitation-dependence studies as well as adsorption studies confirm the SERS nature of the Raman spectra obtained. The dye is probably aggregated on adsorption and is probably attached through the naphthalene side moiety to the surface. Less efficient SERS was also observed for copper phthalocyanine.
4,438 citations
TL;DR: Only the alternating pattern of single-double carbon bonds within the sp2 carbon ribbons provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimentally observed blue shift of the G band of the Raman spectra relative to graphite.
Abstract: We investigate Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets with epoxy and hydroxyl groups and Stone−Wales and 5−8−5 defects by first-principles calculations to interpret our experimental results. Only the alternating pattern of single−double carbon bonds within the sp2 carbon ribbons provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimentally observed blue shift of the G band of the Raman spectra relative to graphite. To obtain these single−double bonds, it is necessary to have sp3 carbons on the edges of a zigzag carbon ribbon.
4,000 citations