Showing papers on "Randomized controlled trial published in 1974"
TL;DR: The results of a randomized controlled trial of a single daily dose of acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) in the prevention of reinfarction in 1,239 men who had had a recent myocardial infarct showed a reduction in total mortality of 12% at six months and 25% at twelve months after admission to the trial.
Abstract: The results of a randomized controlled trial of a single daily dose of acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) in the prevention of reinfarction in 1,239 men who had had a recent myocardial infarct were statistically inconclusive Nevertheless, they showed a reduction in total mortality of 12% at six months and 25% at twelve months after admission to the trial Further trials are urgently required to establish whether or not this effect is real
467 citations
TL;DR: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of substituting nurse practitioners for physicians in primary-care practice, and the quality of care rendered seemed similar, as assessed by a quantitative "indicator-condition" approach.
Abstract: From July, 1971, to July, 1972, in a large suburban Ontario practice of two family physicians, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of substituting nurse pract...
421 citations
391 citations
TL;DR: A four-month, double-blind, crossover study of 22 patients with familial Mediterranean fever was undertaken to study the effect of colchicine in decreasing acute attacks of that disease.
Abstract: A four-month, double-blind, crossover study of 22 patients with familial Mediterranean fever was undertaken to study the effect of colchicine in decreasing acute attacks of that disease. T...
370 citations
TL;DR: There is a prima facie case for regarding azathioprine as of some benefit in this group of patients admitted in their first attack of ulcerative colitis, but the difference between the treated group and the control group failed to reach statistical significance.
Abstract: Eighty patients, all of whom were suffering from a frank clinical attack of ulcerative colitis, were admitted to the trial. The attack was treated with a standard course of corticosteroids and the patients were immediately placed on treatment with either azathioprine in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight or dummy tablets. The trial tablets were continued for one year while the patients were maintained under regular clinical, sigmoidoscopic, histological, haematological, and biochemical surveillance. If a patient relapsed during such maintenance treatment he or she was treated with a further course of corticosteroids without interrupting maintenance treatment.In the treatment of an actual attack of ulcerative colitis the results in the attacks which brought the 80 patients into the trial show that no benefit came from the addition of azathioprine to a standard course of corticosteroid therapy.Patients admitted in their first attack of ulcerative colitis showed no benefit from the one-year maintenance treatment with azathioprine, the benefits of which were confined to patients admitted in a relapse of established disease. Even in these the difference between the treated group and the control group failed to reach statistical significance, but the difference was big enough to suggest that there is a prima facie case for regarding azathioprine as of some benefit in this group of patients.
306 citations
TL;DR: No substantial differences were observed with regard to bleeding, encephalopathy, or hepatic function, although the side-side shunt provided better control of ascites, and published data do not exclude the possibility that a therapeutic portacaval shunt may allow longer survival for the patient with a single major variceal hemorrhage.
240 citations
TL;DR: In a randomized trial of nurse practitioners as providers of primary clinical services, attention was devoted to the "outcomes" of clinical effectiveness and safety.
Abstract: In a randomized trial of nurse practitioners as providers of primary clinical services, attention was devoted to the "outcomes" of clinical effectiveness and safety. These outcomes—express...
194 citations
TL;DR: In this article, alternative experimental designs are judged on the basis of expected outcomes to the entire population, and they are judged based on the expected outcomes for the entire patrician population.
Abstract: Randomized clinical trials have been a subject of much controversy for ethical reasons. When alternative experimental designs are judged on the basis of expected outcomes to the entire pat...
159 citations
TL;DR: A double-blind, cross-over study of oral propranolol versus placebo in 24 patients with action tremors of the familial, senile or essential varieties showed proPRanolol to be very useful in both the familial and essential varieties.
Abstract: A double-blind, cross-over study of oral propranolol versus placebo in 24 patients with action tremors of the familial, senile or essential varieties showed propranolol to be very useful i...
134 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus were admitted to a double-blind trial comparing the efficacy of Tegretol (carbamazepine) and placebo and objective and subjective parameters were measured to assess the effect of the treatment.
Abstract: Patients suffering from peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus were admitted to a double-blind trial comparing the efficacy of Tegretol (carbamazepine) and placebo. Objective and subjective parameters were measured to assess the effect of the treatment. Significant relief of pain was obtained, often within a few days, on a dosage of 200 mg Tegretol t.d.s. No interference with diabetic control was observed. S. Afr. Med. J ., 48, 869 (1974)
99 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that treatment with cyclophosphamide for one year did not have a favorable effect on proteinuria, renal function or morphologic aspects of the glomerular lesion.
TL;DR: A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the feasibility of offering group psychotherapy to post-myocardial infarction patients for one year, and to test its effects upon prognosis.
Abstract: A controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the feasibility of offering group psychotherapy to post-myocardial infarction patients for one year, and to test its effects upon prognosis. S...
TL;DR: This controlled trial, based on a rigid experimental design, provides important confirmation of the benefits of early mobilization observed in uncontrolled programs in recent years.
Abstract: The effects of early mobilization after uncomplicated myocardial infarction were investigated in a strictly randomized controlled study conducted during a period of transition in the therapeutic practice of the Cantonal Hospital in Geneva, Switzerland. One hundred fifty-four patients under age 70 who were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction and who had no complications on day 1 or day 2 were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. In the early mobilization group, patients were treated by a physical therapist with a progressive activity program beginning on day 2 or 3 after infarction. In the control group, patients underwent the traditional hospital regimen of strict bed rest for 3 or more weeks. The mean duration of hospitalization was 21.3 days for treated patients and 32.8 days for the control group. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 20 (average 11.2) months. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to hospital or follow-up mortality, rate of reinfarction, arrhythmias, heart failure, angina pectoris or ventricular aneurysm, or results of an exercise test. There was significantly greater disability in the control than in the treated group on follow-up examination. This controlled trial, based on a rigid experimental design, provides important confirmation of the benefits of early mobilization observed in uncontrolled programs in recent years.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A survey of ascorbic acid blood levels in the elderly population of a South Wales town found that more fruit was eaten by women than by men and more by nonsmokers than by smokers, and the levels were higher in women than in men, and higher in nonsmoker than in smokers.
TL;DR: There was an evident trend suggesting the injection regime was superior in preventing relapse, and this trend was confirmed when the differences in the BPRS scores were subjected to statistical analysis (significant at per cent level).
Abstract: A double blind controlled trial lasting 40 weeks was carried out to determine the effect of maintenance therapy with phenothiazines in a population of schizophrenics in the community. The study took place in the setting of a Community Nursing Service. All patients received capsules and injections, but were divided into two groups. Group A received oral trifluoperazine capsules (Stelazine) and placebo injections, while Group B received placebo capsules and depot fluphenazine decanoate injections (Modecate). Group A had a withdrawal rate from the trial of 48.9 per cent and a readmission rate to hospital of 26.6 per cent. Group B had a withdrawal rate of 14.3 per cent and a readmission rate of o per cent. The differences just fail to reach statistical significance at the 5 per cent level, but there was an evident trend suggesting the injection regime was superior in preventing relapse. This trend was confirmed when the differences in the BPRS scores were subjected to statistical analysis (significant at per cent level). Considerable bias operated in drawing the sample, and the ways in which this might have affected outcome have been discussed. The progress of all patients attending the hospital Modecate Clinic, from whom the trial population was drawn, was followed over the trial period. Readmission rate for those patients who were excluded from the trial because of problems associated with precarious prognosis, was 30.2 per cent.
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to determine the time of onset and the sequence of changes in the cerebral activity due to ketamine.
Abstract: The electroencephalographic (EEG) effects of ketamine anaesthesia have been a subject of earlier studies in man' and in a n i r n a l ~ . ~ ~ ~ The present investigation was part of a larger study into the cardiovascular and electroencephalographic changes following the injection of various anaesthetics including A l t h e ~ i n . ~ . ~ Equivalent doses of ketamine were given twice at different rates of administration in two groups of patients and cerebral electrical activity was assessed. This was done both by conventional EEG recording and a single channel monitoring device (cerebral function monitor or CFM),6 the use of which has already been described both in relation to anae~thesia,~ cerebral anoxia' and cardiovascular surgery.' The aim of this study was to determine the time of onset and the sequence of changes in the cerebral activity due to ketamine.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A controlled trial in 89 children of the use of antibiotics in relieving the acute symptoms and signs of minor respiratory infections showed that antibiotics are no better than a placebo.
Abstract: A controlled trial in 89 children of the use of antibiotics in relieving the acute symptoms and signs of minor respiratory infections showed that antibiotics are no better than a placebo.
TL;DR: Data suggest decreased growth during phototherapy with subsequent catch-up in growth during weeks 2 and 3, and differences were less marked between infants on intermittent (rather than continuous) phototherapy and controls.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Both global ratings by patients and physicians on the fifth day of treatment and on two-week follow-up indicate that current effect is not associated with significant improvement, although patient global ratings on day 5 indicate a trend in this direction.
Abstract: Twenty-eight patients participated in a controlled double-blind study to determine the effectiveness of electrosleep as a treatment modality. To our knowledge this is the first study in the English literature in which the peripheral rhythmic electrical stimulation has been eliminated, thereby allowing the results of the current effect on the brain to be independently evaluated. Both global ratings by patients and physicians on the fifth day of treatment and on two-week follow-up indicate that current effect is not associated with significant improvement, although patient global ratings on day 5 indicate a trend in this direction. Self-rating scales by patients indicate no significant improvement for anxiety, insomnia, or somatic complaints. Depressive self-rating scales do show a significant improvement on day 5 of treatment, but no carry over effect to the two-week follow-up.
TL;DR: There is no significant difference between the two methods on clinical assessment, but patients treated by the Lord procedure left hospital sooner and returned to work more rapidly, making this the method of choice.
TL;DR: The two groups were comparable with respect to sex, age, associated diseases, other medication and failure to take the trial drugs, but relevant personal relationships could not be assessed.
Abstract: SummaryOn the basis of an arbitrary definition of depression, 85 general practitioners treated 231 patients during a 2-week period with flupenthixol (‘Fluanxof)d˚ and placebo in a controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. The male. female ratio was 1:5, and the mean age was 42 years. The severity of the symptoms was assessed by a rating scale, and satisfactory improvement was defined as a reduction of 50% or over of the initial individual scores.Improvement was obtained in 65 % of patients treated with flupenthixol and in 50% of those in the placebo group. The difference is statistically significant, X2 = 5.0, d.f.l.,p = 0.025.The two groups were comparable with respect to sex, age, associated diseases, other medication and failure to take the trial drugs, but relevant personal relationships could not be assessed.Patients showed marked improvement during the first week of treatment and few untoward effects were noted. It is concluded that in patients selected according to the criteria of the trial a bet...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is concluded that infants in this series were receiving adequate amounts of folic acid in their normal diet and did not require supplements.
Abstract: A double-blind randomized trial of 50 μg folic acid or placebo given from 2 weeks to 6 months to 130 infants of birthweight less than 2·5 kg has been conducted. While only 62 of the babies completed the 6-month follow-up, no significant difference was found between either group in respect of changes in weight, haemoglobin, serum folate, red cell folate, or evidence of infection. It is concluded that infants in this series were receiving adequate amounts of folic acid in their normal diet and did not require supplements.
TL;DR: The experimental group reported more intercyclic bleeding and more irregularity of cycles than the Ovulen 21 control group, and Cramping was reported 3 times more frequently by the experimental group.
TL;DR: A randomized controlled trial which examined various effects of early discharge following surgery for varicose veins and inguinal hernia was performed for a period of just over two years.
Abstract: A randomized controlled trial which examined various effects of early discharge following surgery for varicose veins and inguinal hernia was performed for a period of just over two years. The study was concerned with clinical, psychological, social, and economic aspects of 48-hour discharge and the effect on the medical care services. An attempt is made to discuss the methodology employed and problems that have ensued.
TL;DR: It appeared that clinicians were generally able to distinguish drug-related side effects from symptoms usually associated with depression, however, there was some indication that they tended to rate as non-medication related, certain symptoms which were actually drug-induced.
Abstract: Five hundred and fifty-five acutely depressed patients receiving chlorpromazine and imipramine, were studied to determine the incidence and severity of drug-related side effects. The ability of clinicians to distinguish between drug-related side effects and symptoms considered natural to the depressive illnesses was also investigated. The results indicated that side effects were minimal for both active drug groups and that among the dropouts for serious side effects (31 cases) the majority were receiving chlorpromazine. Skin rash and hypotension were the most frequent reasons cited for side effect terminations from the study.