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Showing papers on "Ranking (information retrieval) published in 1981"


Patent
29 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus for verifying both the content of a transaction and the identity of the parties in a common communication channel is presented. But the system is not suitable for the secure transmission of data.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for verifying both the content of a transaction and the identity of the parties thereto. The system includes a plurality of terminals connected together over a common communication channel wherein a given pair of users located at different terminals on the system have exchanged a contract comprising a plurality of reference signatures each of which constitutes the final member of a one-way keyed signature sequence and each of which is a one-way function of each user's secret encryption key (Kx) and a number (NUM) known to both parties. Each terminal connected to the system includes means for generating a multidigit ranking vector which is a cryptographic function of the entire message (DATA) tobe transmitted. Further means are provided for forming as many signature elements as there are digits in said ranking vector, the particular signature element being an intermediate member of a predetermined one-way keyed signature sequence specified by an associated digit of the ranking vector. Additional means are provided for initiating the generation of a separate keyed signature sequence to derive each signature element beginning with a starting element which requires that user's secret encryption key (Kx) and the number (NUM) and continuing the generation of successive members of the one-way keyed signature sequence until the particular signature sequence element (KSS.sub.ρ) which was specified by the associated ranking vector digit (ρ) is obtained. When the appropriate sequence of one-way keyed signature sequence elements has been generated as specified by the ranking vector, this sequence of signature elements is appended onto the original message (DATA) and transmitted to a receiver. Means are provided in each terminal which are activated upon receipt of an appropriately signed message for another terminal for deriving a ranking vector from the received message which again is the same function of the message (DATA) received and a cryptographic function known to both parties. Circuitry is provided, upon the determination of the ranking vector for generating successor one-way keyed signature sequence reference elements from each received signature element based solely upon the knowledge of said element as received and the ranking vector. This process is continued until all reference elements have been derived from the received signature at which point the reference elements so derived are compared with the reference elements previously exchanged between the parties and designated for use for this particular transaction. If the elements match, the identity of the user is unequivocally verified and the contents of the message are guaranteed.

60 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Methods of quantitative analysis are applied to analyse critically the principles of ranking journals in package 1 and the tabular contents of JCR's packages 2 and 3, as well as to study frequency distributions of the journals both in time and space.
Abstract: The application of methods of quantitative analysis makes it possible to evaluate the impact of scientific journals on one another. These methods are used to determine the significance of similar scientific journals by their cross-citations, taking into account data from theJournal Citation Reports (JCR). They also help to improve theJournal Citation Reports structure and widen its uses for the evaluation of scientific journals. The above methods are applied to analyse critically the principles of ranking journals in package 1 and the tabular contents ofJCR's packages 2 and 3, as well as to study frequency distributions of the journals both in time and space.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that a group of four or five objective criteria may be sufficient to characterise the acoustics of a specific hall, and that a rather simple method of ranking is feasible.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
31 May 1981
TL;DR: The system's objective is to perform the information consultant's job in assisting a user to select the right vocabulary terms for his query, particularly useful for a novice user of a controlled-vocabulary, index-based retrieval system, who is not familiar with the vocabulary and the system Thesaurus.
Abstract: This paper describes a development and implementation of an expert/consultation system for a retrieval data-base, that interfaces between the user and a retrieval system. The system's objective is to perform the information consultant's job in assisting a user to select the right vocabulary terms for his query. It is particularly useful for a novice user of a controlled-vocabulary, index-based retrieval system, who is not familiar with the vocabulary and the system Thesaurus. The user will enter his terms/keywords, that represent his information need, and the system will apply search procedures on its knowledge-base, and will find relevant concepts to be used as query-terms. The system is interactive; it can explain to the user why/how a concept was discovered/suggested, and it can back-track and try to find alternatives in case the user rejects a suggested concept. Two versions of the system were developed, utilizing two search and interaction strategies. Experiments will be conducted with the two alternatives in order to find out user preference and to compare performance. Performance will also be compard with an alternative "conventional" approach, which is an On-Line-Thesarus - developed as part of this study.

27 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of the simple operations of fuzzy logic allows retrieval of documents with the highest grades of formal relevance (in a given information system).
Abstract: An information retrieval method based on fuzzy logic is presented. The method described takes into account in a straightforward way the varying importance of descriptors which reflect the content of the information system documents as well as the varying formal relevance grades of documents in relation to a given query. The use of the simple operations of fuzzy logic allows retrieval of documents with the highest grades of formal relevance (in a given information system).

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new algorithm based on a ranking procedure of all the possible combinations of plant locations is introduced, so that the algorithm suitably combines a search procedure on the tree with a ranking method.

13 citations


01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: The rating scale, through the addition of appropriate columns, can be used as a pre-service inventory for new health occupations teachers, a self-evaluation and professional improvement planning instrument for veteran teachers and an objective evaluation device for supervisors.
Abstract: The development of a rating scale suitable for assessing teaching competencies o f health occupations educators in the State of Louisiana was accomplished by: the development and validation of a questionnaire composed o f 155 competency statements within ten components(planning, teaching, evaluation, management, guidance and placement, school-community relations, student-vocational organization, professional ro le , coordination of cooperative education and health care environment)--relating to health occupations education programs; ascertaining the level o f importance as perceived by incumbent teachers and supervisors of public, secondary and post-secondary health occupations education programs in Louisiana, who were employed during the months o f March through May, 1981; ranking these competency statements within components as well as regardless of components by averaging the numerical value written on the 196 completed questionnaires by the respondents from highest (6) to lowest (1 ). This descriptive study contains a l i s t o f competencies believed to be needed for e ffec tive health occupations education and holds implications for health occupations teacher education in Louisiana. The rating scale, through the addition of appropriate columns, can be used as a pre-service inventory for new health occupations teachers, a self-evaluation and professional improvement planning instrument for veteran teachers and an objective evaluation device for supervisors. Summary: Ninety-eight percent of the surveyed population (n=201) o f health occupations educators in Louisiana agreed that the 155 competencies on the questionnaire were o f importance to the success of instruction in health occupations programs in Louisiana. All had * mean scores o f 3.5 or higher and 74 percent of the competencies (n=94) had means o f 5.0 or above. Respondents rated competencies related to health care environment and coordination of cooperative education the highest with no competency receiving a mean score o f less than 5.0. None of the eight student-vocational organization (H.O.S.A.) competency statements rated above 4.2. Conclusions: The response rate indicated a high level o f interest in instructional competencies from health occupations educators in Louisiana. There were no obvious differences o f opinion concerning the degree o f importance for competencies o f health occupations programs as described in this study by health occupations instructors or the ir supervisors in Louisiana.

13 citations


01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Experimental evidence indicates that relevance feedback is a most promising strategy for query term weights and the advantages and disadvantages of the Boolean and vector representations of queries are demonstrated.
Abstract: Various schemes of query formulation in information retrieval are analyzed. The frequency characteristics of terms in the documents of a collection have long been used as indicators of term importance for indexing purposes. In particular, very rare or very frequent terms are normally believed to be less effective than the medium frequency terms. Accordingly, it has been suggested that query term weights should first increase and then decrease as the document frequencies of the query terms increase. Three term weighting models (utility weights, precision weights, and discrimination value weights) are studied and they all substantiate the suggested behavior. A fourth scheme, the inverse document frequency system, is shown to be a close approximation of the precision system under certain circumstances. Two of the three models require relevance information. The precision and utility weights are based on the occurrence characteristics of the terms in the relevant, as opposed to the nonrelevant, documents in the collection. Methods are suggested for estimating the relevant properties of the terms based on the overall occurrence characteristics in the collection. Empirical evaluation results are shown comparing the weighting systems using the term relevance properties with the more conventional frequency-based methodologies. Experimental evidence indicates that relevance feedback is a most promising strategy. The last part of the thesis demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of the Boolean and vector representations of queries. A more general framework which encompasses both the fuzzy set approach and the vector space approach is outlined. The new scheme is derived from the concept of p-norms. It is shown that the fuzzy set approach is the extreme case when p = (INFIN) while the vector space approach represents the other extreme case when p = 1.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a cutting plane scheme embedded in an implicit enumeration framework is proposed for ranking the extreme points of linear assignment problems, which overcomes storage difficulties by being able to perform the ranking at any particular objective function value independently of other objective values.
Abstract: A cutting plane scheme embedded in an implicit enumeration framework is proposed for ranking the extreme points of linear assignment problems. This method is capable of ranking any desired number of extreme points at each possible objective function value. The technique overcomes storage difficulties by being able to perform the ranking at any particular objective function value independently of other objective values. Computational experience on some test problems is provided.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The major conclusion is that most problems are caused by the failure to consider the requirements of a document from the perspective of the document's audience.
Abstract: The failure to understand and use public documents correctly is a serious problem. Several studies are presented which attempt to identify the aspects of documents related to the lack of understanding. Different approaches are used, including a critical incident survey, a ranking of document difficulty, correlational studies, and an information processing analysis of document users' tasks. The major conclusion is that most problems are caused by the failure to consider the requirements of a document from the perspective of the document's audience



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper demonstrates the property of inclusiveness of document retrieval systems where documents are indexed by unweighted descriptors, and in which query search patterns are Boolean functions of descriptors (systems using the Inverted File Method, the Canonical Structure File Method or the Sequential File Method).
Abstract: One of the means of reducing the information retrieval time is by taking advantage of the property of inclusiveness of information retrieval systems. When one knows the system response to a query which is more general in relation to another query, then in an inclusive retrieval system in order to retrieve the response to the more specific query it suffices to limit the information retrieval process to the search of the system response to the more general query. This paper demonstrates the property of inclusiveness of document retrieval systems where documents are indexed by unweighted descriptors, and in which query search patterns are Boolean functions of descriptors (systems using the Inverted File Method, the Canonical Structure File Method, or the Sequential File Method). The paper presents three methods for determining a partial ordering relation on a set of Boolean search patterns of queries, implying a partial ordering on the set of the system responses to these queries and discusses the adequacy of each method depending on the information retrieval method used. The paper also proves the general theorems concerning the property of inclusiveness with regard to the class of information retrieval systems considered. Furthermore, the methods for calculating the degree of generality/specificity between queries are given. The utilization of the property of inclusiveness may considerably reduce the operating costs of information retrieval systems (particularly systems using the Sequential File Method, e.g. the SDI systems). Moreover, the results of the studies presented in the paper give the possibility of gradual narrowing or broadening in an automatic way of a given Boolean search pattern of a query, which is of vital importance for on-line information retrieval systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, higher ranks were assigned by 49 male and 68 female undergraduates to conditions over which persons have no control and lower ranks to criminal, immoral, and deviant behavior.
Abstract: Higher ranks were assigned by 49 male and 68 female undergraduates to conditions over which persons have no control and lower ranks to criminal, immoral, and deviant behavior. Sex, ethnicity, and educational setting contributed to differences.

Journal ArticleDOI
31 May 1981
TL;DR: A self-tuning adaptive information retrieval system as an extension of the concept of a "classical" document retrieval system, is outlined, which gives as output an effectiveness value and an efficiency value: both together measure the quality of an information retrieved system.
Abstract: A self-tuning adaptive information retrieval system as an extension of the concept of a "classical" document retrieval system, is outlined. This system accepts documents and search requests in natural language, as well as the system-proposals previously produced by the system itself or prepared by the system operator. It produces a system-proposal that consists of a list of documents ranked according to their relevance to the query.Incorporated into the system is a system valuation subsystem that uses weighted relevance judgements. This subsystem gives as output an effectiveness value and an efficiency value: both together measure the quality of an information retrieval system.The computation of the quality values and the values themselves are independent of a specific implementation. The retrieval process in this system consists of two parts, namely a query-document match and a query-query match.


Journal ArticleDOI
31 May 1981
TL;DR: The research on which this report is based identifies limitations associated with sequencing rules that use a probability ranking technique and particular attention will be given here to the ranking algorithm appropriate for those presenting the same request, but having different information needs.
Abstract: A document retrieval system should rank documents in order of their usefulness or satisfaction to the users. This principle was first explicated in the classic paper by Maron and Kuhns (1). Additional considerations concerning document ranking have been suggested by other researchers (2,3). Particular attention will be given here to the ranking algorithm appropriate for those presenting the same request, but having different information needs. The research on which this report is based identifies limitations associated with sequencing rules that use a probability ranking technique (4). Three basic and somewhat interdependent limitations will be discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A process for ranking competing diagnostic protocols for a specific disease incorporates the basic principles of medical decision making, and provides for the consideration of equivocal test results as well as results for patients who have ill-defined or incompletely defined disease.
Abstract: A process for ranking competing diagnostic protocols for a specific, disease is presented. The process incorporates the basic principles of medical decision making, and provides for the consideration of equivocal test results as well as results for patients who have ill-defined or incompletely defined disease. It provides a means for developing an a priori optimization process prior to ranking competing diagnostic algorithms. Methods for transferring ranking information among populations with widely differing disease prevalences are given.



Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1981