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Showing papers on "RAPD published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitro regenerated R. tetraphylla plantlets did not have any polymorphism with mother plant and were confirmed as true-to-type, and assessment of genetic fidelity of acclimated plantlets by start codon targeted (SCoT), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker based analysis.
Abstract: Rauwolfia tetraphylla L. is an important medicinal plant species which is well known for its pharmaceutically important alkaloids. In the present study, we are reporting about its conservation by in vitro clonal multiplication through the standardized protocol of indirect regeneration by using leaf and stem based callus and assessment of genetic fidelity of acclimated plantlets by start codon targeted (SCoT), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker based analysis. Initially friable callus was induced in maximum amounts (378.7, 323.8, and 412.8 in mg) from leaf, root, and stem explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 5.0 mg/L, 3.0 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 5.0 mg/L of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), respectively. Shoot regeneration with the maximum number of shoot buds (25 and 20) was obtained from leaf and stem calluses on MS media supplemented with TDZ (0.25 mg/L) + BAP (2 mg/L). The regenerated shoots were rooted successfully with maximum rooting percentage of 98.0 on full strength MS media amended with IAA (1.0 mg/L) and IBA (1.0 mg/L). The regenerated plantlets were hardened using 2:1 ratio of sterile garden soil and sand, followed by acclimatization in field conditions with 86% of survival. SCoT, ISSR, and RAPD primers based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was carried out to check possible genetic variations in micro propagated plants in comparison with mother plant. Among the ten SCoT (S), ISSR (R), and RAPD (OPA) primers used, S2, R10, and OPA3 has given good amplification with scorable DNA bands. The results revealed that the regenerated plants did not have any polymorphism with mother plant. Hence, the in vitro regenerated R. tetraphylla plantlets were confirmed as true-to-type.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first report of genetic homogeneity testing of in vitro propagated Dendrobium moschatum using molecular markers and revealed high genetic proximity between mother and micropropagated plants.

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study reported the successful clonal fidelity assessment of micropropagated D. chrysotoxum using RAPD and ISSR markers and confirmed the grouping of plants in accordance with the cluster analysis determined by unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) analysis.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among six selected lines of Echinacea purpurea, three were characterized by a higher content of cichoric acid in relation to the other lines studied, and Cluster analysis of both marker systems showed that the tested genotypes were grouped according to their respective lines.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dendrogram generated from UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis for both RAPD and ISSR marker was similar and these primers could be used for future studies as varietal developmental programme on high dry rhizome recovery lines.

24 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high degree of molecular and phytochemical variation among H. coronarium populations in relation to geographic locations is revealed and can be exploited for conservation and breeding programmes of H. coronerarium for its genetic improvement.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The homemade rennet is proposed as the novel source of probiotic strains as an alternative to the traditional cheeses and the abomasum driven rennet was assessed for the existence of lactobacilli.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Marwa Hamouda1
TL;DR: Biochemical and molecular markers such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technologies were used in this work to detect genetic diversity of 14 collections of Silybum marianum population in Egypt and confirmed that SDS-protein, RAPD, and ISSR markers are important tools for genetic analysis.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that phenotypic, genetic and biochemical variability of studied onion cultivars could boost the onion breeding programs.
Abstract: The rationale of the present study was to group nine cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.), to determine their important traits and decipher their genetic variation. Methodology includes morphological observation, biochemical determination, genetic similarity and diversity using molecular markers of RAPD and ISSR in nine onion cultivars. In PCA studies, it was clearly observed that the germination percentage, root length, seedling length and plumule length were contributing most to the separation among the cultivars. Genetic diversity studies revealed that among 18 RAPD's 10 primers displayed specificity and produced a total of 52 amplified polymorphic fragments. In ISSR analysis, among 10 ISSR's 6 primers generated 28 variable polymorphic band patterns. The 16 primers of RAPD and ISSR discriminated nine cultivars into two groups by the method of UPGMA. Single cultivar Agrifound rose specified in group-I rest of all separated to another group. We conclude that phenotypic, genetic and biochemical variability of studied onion cultivars could boost the onion breeding programs. The cultivars exhibited statistically significant variability, which gives an opportunity to use them for varietal development through breeding programs. The key findings of the current study would be an insight for breeding strategies in onion cultivars

19 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
04 Jan 2019-Nucleus
TL;DR: Based on percentage of polymorphic bands; resolving power; polymorphic information content; and Marker Index, the A1 (ISSR) and OPB-12 (RAPD) primers were the most informative ones and clusters obtained from ISSR, RAPD and a combination of both data sets did match the actual taxonomic classification.
Abstract: Genetic diversity among 25 accessions of Crocus L. (Iridaceae) representing 5 accession of cultivated C. sativus, and 20 accessions belonging to wild species namely, C. speciosus, C. cancellatus, C. haussknechtii, C. michelsonii, and two unknown accessions, obtained from different geographical locations of Iran were studied using 7 ISSR and 10 RAPD primers. Out of 78 bands generated from 7 ISSR primers, 71 were polymorphic (90.2%), whereas out of 94 bands generated from 10 RAPD primers 83 were polymorphic (88.3%). The average PIC value obtained with ISSR and RAPD markers was 0.366 and 0.324, respectively. Marker index (ISSR = 3.71; RAPD = 2.68) and resolving power (ISSR = 5.31; RAPD = 4.12) indicated that the ISSR markers were relatively more efficient than RAPD assay in respect of revealing the genetic diversity of Crocus species. Based on percentage of polymorphic bands; resolving power; polymorphic information content; and Marker Index, the A1 (ISSR) and OPB-12 (RAPD) primers were the most informative ones. Clusters obtained from ISSR, RAPD and a combination of both data sets did match the actual taxonomic classification. The mantel test between two Jaccard’s similarity matrices gave r = 0.862, showing very good fit correlation in between ISSR and RAPD based similarities. The analysis of molecular variance showed that the total polymorphism was largely because of within-group variance (ISSRs 57%; RAPDs 64%; Combined RAPDs + ISSRs 60%). Principal coordinates analysis of the pooled data of both the markers, also supports their UPGMA dendrogram. The results will help in future genetic improvement programme of Crocus species.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The virulence analysis on differential cultivars from Andean and Mesoamerican gene pool suggested four interaction types in accordance with the genetic origin of the cultivars that were attacked by a particular race, thereby complicating the designing of resistance breeding strategies in this part of the world.
Abstract: Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the devastating diseases in common beans possessing wide genetic and pathogenic variability. Sixty isolates of C. lindemuthianum collected from three North-Western Himalayan States were characterized on differential bean cultivars and analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR). Based on pathogenicity tests and CIAT-defined binary race-classification system, 60 isolates belonged to 27 races. Out of 27 races, 19 races were identified from Himachal Pradesh, three from Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and 13 from Uttrakhand. Predominant races present in North Western Himalayas were 17 and 503, although 25.9% (7 out of 27) of the races were detected repeatedly. In addition, this is the first study on characterization of C. lindemuthianum races from J&K and Uttrakhand. The virulence analysis on differential cultivars from Andean and Mesoamerican gene pool suggested four interaction types in accordance with the genetic origin of the cultivars that were attacked by a particular race. The interaction type I with race 0 isolates was avirulent on all the differential cultivars, while the races placed in interaction type IV attacked the genotypes from both the gene pools, thereby complicating the designing of resistance breeding strategies in this part of the world. The genetic diversity analysis using RAPD and ISSR markers revealed higher polymorphism with RAPD markers compared to ISSRs. The population STRUCTURE analysis revealed that most of the isolates from three States shared unique haplotypes based on Bayesian clustering. The RAPD and ISSR markers based analysis of C. lindemuthianum isolates grouped in different races revealed a very low level of similarity coefficient and thus their correlation with pathogenic races could not be established.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2019-Heliyon
TL;DR: Most polymorphisms were observed in isolates of bovine mastitis and the lowest were associated with human infections isolates, which confirm the wide genotypic diversity of the studied S. aureus strains.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Morphological and molecular characterizations confirmed the identity of all nine isolates as Kalmusia variispora (formerly known as Dendrothyrium variisporum), and clustering of RAPD and ISSR analyses revealed that there was no correlation between the isolates and their geographical as well as host origins.
Abstract: Between March and September 2012, grapevines in vineyards of Meshginshahr county located in Ardabil province as well as Azarshahr, Ajab Shir, and Malekan counties located in East Azerbaijan province, north-western Iran represented general decline symptoms and in some cases black vascular discoloration. Annular or irregular discoloration, dark vascular streaking, and V-shaped unilateral canker or brown necrosis were observed in the pit and vascular tissues of the infected stems. These symptoms were accompanied with necrotic and wilted leaves. Nine fungal isolates having analogous morphological traits were recovered from symptomatic tissues on potato dextrose agar culture medium. Morphological and molecular characterizations confirmed the identity of all nine isolates as Kalmusia variispora (formerly known as Dendrothyrium variisporum). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analyses were conducted for genetic diversity assessment of 13 K. variispora isolates from grapevine, one isolate from Rosa hybrida and one isolate from Pinus eldarica and the results indicated the existence of polymorphism among the isolates (77.27% and 81.25% for RAPD and ISSR, respectively). The clustering of RAPD and ISSR analyses revealed that there was no correlation between the isolates and their geographical as well as host origins. A pathogenicity assay confirmed K. variispora to be pathogenic on grapevine plants (cv. Keshmeshi) causing similar symptoms as those observed in naturally infected grapevines. Kalmusia variispora is associated with grapevine decline symptoms and grapevine trunk disease in Iran.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Assessment of molecular and phytochemical diversity among 48 accessions of five Swertia species collected from Western Himalayas, India finds the potent S. chirata displays a low degree of genetic diversity and gene flow, and therefore there is a major risk of extinction of this significant species.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From a total of 80 bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of Lupinus angustifolius grown wild in the North-Eastern Algerian region of El Tarf, 64 plant host-nodulating strains clustered into 17 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting groups revealed they were closely related to members of the genus Bradyrhizobium of the Alphaproteobacteria, but their affiliation at the species level was not clear.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results revealed that the two markers used have a good efficiency to assess genetic diversity in lentil and showed a wide genetic diversity that might be conserved and assessed for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Abstract: Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure is a crucial step for an efficient use of available material in a plant breeding program and for germplasm conservation strategies. Current study undertakes an assessment of the genetic variations and population structure of Moroccan lentil including nine landraces and eight released varieties using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers. Results revealed that the two markers used have a good efficiency to assess genetic diversity in lentil. A total of 115 and 90 bands were respectively scored for SRAP and RAPD, of which 98.3% and 93.3% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content values were 0.350 with SRAP and 0.326 with RAPD. Analysis of molecular variance based on the combined data sets of both markers revealed lower variations within (35%) than among (65%) landraces (PhiPT = 0.652), implying significant genetic differentiation between landraces. Principal coordinate analysis and the ascendant hierarchical classification clustered samples into groups that were consistent with the geographical origin of the cultivars. Population structure corroborated the main groups and confirmed the high differentiation among them. Moroccan lentil germplasm showed a wide genetic diversity that might be conserved and assessed for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Both ISSR and RAPD analyses were valuable for identifying genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in N. ciliatus populations at the DNA level and these differences provides the basic knowledge for better conservation management policies and genetic identification of the different geographical populations of this plant.
Abstract: Nilgirianthus ciliatus is of interest for its extensive applications in Ayurvedic medicine. The study focuses on the assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in N. ciliatus populations to aid conservation of this species at risk of extinction. Thirty five inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and thirty random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were employed in PCR yielding 298 and 99 bands, respectively. Using ISSR markers, bands of 200–3500 bp were obtained and accounted for 77.0% of polymorphism observed. The polymorphism information content (PIC) and resolving power (Rp) values were 0.59 and 20.8, respectively. RAPD analysis resulted in 99 total bands of which 89 were polymorphic (89.9%). The PIC value for RAPD was 0.61 and Rp value was 18.8. The two different cluster analyses (UPGMA and Neighbor Joining) and principal component analysis showed the genetic variation among the populations. Clustering of N. ciliatus populations from different geographical regions in distinct groups can be a good sign for clear separation that is supported by high bootstrap values. Overall, both ISSR and RAPD analyses were valuable for identifying genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in N. ciliatus populations at the DNA level and these differences provides the basic knowledge for better conservation management policies and genetic identification of the different geographical populations of this plant.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cluster analysis revealed high genetic diversity of M. phaseolina isolates within the same country of origin, but clear differentiation according to the isolates’ host plant and geographical origin was not observed.
Abstract: The study assessed the genetic variability among Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. isolates originating from six different countries (Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Spain, Ukraine and Serbia), collected mostly from sunflower, but also maize, soybean, flax, common bean and zebra plant. RAPD analysis was based on 154 polymorphic bands obtained with 14 OPA primers. RAPD markers OPA-02–OPA-05, OPA-07–OPA-13 and OPA-18–OPA-20 were found to be suitable for measuring the genetic relatedness and detecting variability in M. phaseolina populations. Cluster analysis revealed high genetic diversity of M. phaseolina isolates within the same country of origin, but clear differentiation according to the isolates’ host plant and geographical origin was not observed. Contingency analysis and corrected contingency coefficients enabled determination of RAPD markers associated with geographical origin of isolates, as well as markers specific for non-sunflower isolates. Marker OPA 10_1750 was found to be highly specific for the isolates from Turkey, while two markers, OPA 3_1250 and OPA 9_800, could be used for differentiation of isolates originating from sunflower from isolates originating from other host plants.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that SSR appeared to be the best suited molecular assay for assessing the genetic variation between genotypes of P. semisulcatus and indicated that Manifa and Ataka genotypes were closely related.
Abstract: In this study, three molecular markers including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) were used to evaluate genetic variation of green tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus collected from two geographically isolated environments; located in the Manifa, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia and Ataka, Suez Gulf, Egypt. Genetic parameters included the percentage of polymorphism (P%), effective alleles (Ne), Nei genetic diversity (H) and Shannon index (I), which were calculated based on molecular data. All three marker systems distinguished genetic variation of P. semisulcatus in various levels. The highest polymorphism (91.30%) was obtained with SSR, followed by ISSR (82.26%) and RAPD markers (62.04%), respectively. Our results indicate that SSR appeared to be the best suited molecular assay for assessing the genetic variation between genotypes of P. semisulcatus. The present study indicated that Manifa and Ataka genotypes were closely related. Moreover, the analysis of variability could require more than one DNA‐based molecular marker techniques.

Journal ArticleDOI
Mengjie Qu1, Jiawei Ding1, Yi Wang1, Siyu Chen1, Yifei Zhang1, Yanan Di1 
TL;DR: The attempt to utilize model pollutants and marine organism to validate the potential value of RAPD analysis highlighted that it might be a useful tool in the research of genotoxicology, especially on the effect-mechanism interplay at genetic level.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alicyclobacillus cultures, which were previously isolated from a wide range of domestic and international products including fruit juice, fruit drinks and fruit juice concentrates, were subjected to DNA fingerprint analysis and the results were used to select representative strains to undergo taint production assessment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The anti-listerial effect of the enterococcal cultures was examined using linear (ANOVA) and general (ANCOVA) models and it has been shown that both of them controlled L. monocytogenes by decreasing (P).
Abstract: This study deals with the genetic characterisation of two enterocin-producing Enterococcus lactis strains named Q1 and 4CP3 using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and the effect of their separate additions in the control of Listeria monocytogenes in refrigerated chicken breast meat. These strains demonstrated interesting in vitro antimicrobial activity towards L. monocytogenes EGDe 107776 by agar assay. To evaluate the in situ effect of E. lactis strains against L. monocytogenes in white meat model, chicken breast were artificially contaminated with 105 CFU/g of L. monocytogenes and inoculated with E. lactis Q1 and 4CP3 of each at 107 CFU/g. The pathogen counts were monitored during cold storage for 28 days. The anti-listerial effect of the enterococcal cultures was examined using linear (ANOVA) and general (ANCOVA) models and it has been shown that both of them controlled L. monocytogenes by decreasing (P

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A high degree of variability was found among the evaluated landraces at both levels, indicating the appropriateness of such collection to be involved in breeding approaches and some morphophysiological traits are recommended to be used in successive morphological evaluation studies.
Abstract: Assessment of genetic diversity has an efficient role in plant breeding and improvement programs. There is a limit number of investigations dealing with the evaluation of genetic diversity in Jew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.), despite its valuable importance as a leafy vegetable and a delicious dish rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Therefore, in this study, 18 landraces of Jew’s mallow—collected from different locations in Egypt—were used for genetic diversity assessment based on morphophysiological and molecular evaluations. A high degree of variability was found among the evaluated landraces at both levels, indicating the appropriateness of such collection to be involved in breeding approaches. Some morphophysiological traits offered a high level of diversity and effectively discriminated the landraces. Thus, they are recommended to be used in successive morphological evaluation studies. On the other hand, molecular evaluation using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) efficiently supported the morphological results by exposing a clear genetic relationship among the landraces. In addition, the principal coordinate analysis based on combined data of RAPD and SRAP divided the landraces into two main groups, reflecting their relationship molecularly. The first group included nine landraces related to Upper Egypt and the second gathered three landraces from Delta, while the other six landraces were distinctly distributed around these two groups. The two groups may have two distinct ancestors in addition to the different ancestors of the scattered landraces. Findings of this study are valuable and could assist in Jew’s mallow breeding programs.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The classification of the organisms under the presently well-known treatment of the group as Cyanoprokaryota is appended and the ultrastructure of photosynthetic lamellae of unicellular and filamentous forms was analyzed.
Abstract: The basic scheme of the taxonomy of cyanobacteria (cyanophyceae blue-green algae) widely known and accepted is the classical treatment by the phycologists of the past several decades. Identification was based on critical microscopic examination and illustrations along with the information on the habitat. The revision of the cyanophytes by Drouet and his coworkers incited much interest in the taxonomy of blue-green algae in India. Earlier studies brought out the distinction and plasticity of the organisms under culture condition, even to the level of questioning the identity of certain genera or species. The terminology of cyanobacteria for Cyanophyceae resulted in considerable disagreement among phycologists. Newer characteristics like the fatty acid composition, molecular percentage of G/C and fine structure of cellular constituents were suggested to delineate the taxa. The ultrastructure of photosynthetic lamellae of unicellular and filamentous forms was analyzed. Modern molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing, random amplified polymorphic DNA, DNA polymorphisms, genomic fingerprinting technique, RFLP of psbA genes and the applicability of STRR, RAPD, and REP-PCR fingerprinting for the strain level differentiation have been used by several scientists to distinguish strains at the species and genus level. DNA amplification fingerprinting has been very useful for distinguishing closely related genotypes. RFLP markers are used for characterizing genetic diversity. Other tools have been 16S rRNA sequences, amplified 16S–23S rDNA spacer (ITS-1). Recent developments are the polyphasic analysis of the cyanobacteria from extreme habitats. The classification of the organisms under the presently well-known treatment of the group as Cyanoprokaryota is appended.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dendrogram constructed from RAPD analysis showed that Gregory and Giza-5 were the most distant among five peanut cultivars, and RAPD markers are useful in the detection of genetic diversity of peanut.
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of five peanut cultivars grown under field conditions. A field experiment was conducted using five peanut cultivars (Giza-5, Giza-6, Ismailia-1, Gregory, and R92) in a randomized complete block design with five replications during two following seasons to estimate the performance of five peanut cultivars for vegetative growth, yield, and yield component traits as well as seed quality traits. Twenty RAPD primers were used to identify a unique fingerprint for each of five cultivars. Giza-6 cultivar surpassed all the tested peanut cultivars in the most vegetative growth traits and yield and its components traits, while the lowest values were observed in Giza-5 cultivar. The dendrogram constructed from RAPD analysis showed that Gregory and Giza-5 were the most distant among five peanut cultivars. RAPD markers are useful in the detection of genetic diversity of peanut. The availability of genetic diversity is important for the genetic improvement of peanut.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This research presents a meta-analysis of the phytochemical properties of polymethine, which has implications for the design and application of pesticides in the agrobiotech industry.
Abstract: C. M. L. Lopes* , J. E. Cares, F. J. Perina, G. F. Nascimento, J. S. F. Mendonc a, A. W. Moita, P. Castagnone-Sereno and R. M. D. G. Carneiro Programa de P os-Graduac ~ ao em Fitopatologia, Universidade de Bras ılia, Bras ılia, DF 70910-900; Embrapa Centro de Recursos Gen eticos e Biotecnologia, Bras ılia, DF 70849-970; Embrapa Algod~ ao, Campina Grande, PB 58428-095; Embrapa Hortalic as, Bras ılia, DF 70359-970, Brazil; and INRA, INRA-UMR 1355, UNS, CNRS-UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 400 route des Chappes BP167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Virulence and genetic diversity of 90 Foc isolates representing four major safflower growing states in India were analyzed and AMOVA indicated maximum molecular variation within states, and within races.
Abstract: Safflower wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami (Foc) is one of the most devastating diseases of safflower. Virulence and genetic diversity of 90 Foc isolates representing four major safflower growing states (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh) in India were analyzed. Out of 45 RAPD and 45 ISSR primers screened, 17 of each RAPD and ISSR markers revealed a comprehensive picture of genetic diversity. Primers depicting maximum heterozygosity, effective number of alleles, and Shannon information index were identified. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses distributed isolates from a given state among different clusters and quadrants, respectively, indicating high genetic diversity. However, certain region-specific groupings within clusters were found. The population structure comprised two sub-populations with admixture of alleles. AMOVA indicated maximum molecular variation within states (95%), and within races (79%). Among the six races identified on the basis of disease reactions on differential cultivars, Race 6 was the most virulent and Race 2 as the most prevalent. Groupings on the basis of molecular markers and geographical origin showed some degree of concurrence with the virulence of isolates. The findings are useful in screening of newly developed pathogen resistant varieties for the deployment of region-specific resistant cultivars of safflower.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Molecular probes were developed using the Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in order to identify three beef subspecies–Holstein, Angus, and Taiwan Yellow Cattle.
Abstract: Incidents of food fraud have occurred worldwide, particularly in the form of meat adulteration. In this study, molecular probes were developed using the Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in order to identify three beef subspecies–Holstein, Angus, and Taiwan Yellow Cattle. Four RAPD-PCR 10-nucleotide primers were chosen out of a total of 60 primers. The selection was based on the reproducibility of species-specific amplicons able to detect various origins of cattle breeds. The results demonstrated that primer OPK12 produced three unique amplicons (1100 bp, 1000 bp and 480 bp) in Holstein; primer OPK14 generated one amplicon that only appeared in Holstein and Angus (200 bp); primer OPK19 amplified two species-specific amplicons in Holstein measuring 550 bp and 650 bp, respectively. However, due to the relatively lower repeatability of RAPD-PCR, higher and more specific testing repeats were required to increase the accuracy of the conclusion.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2019-Vegetos
TL;DR: Genetic diversity combined with mineral datasets will be useful for selection of suitable cultivars for improvement of nutritional values in finger millet varieties through conventional and molecular breeding approaches.
Abstract: Twelve local cultivars of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] were evaluated for their molecular diversity and mineral composition. Twelve selected RAPD primers generated 162 amplified fragments with an average of 13.5 bands per primer and 86.08% polymorphism. The average PIC, EMR, MI and RP values were 0.30, 5.79, 1.75 and 5.97 respectively, per primer. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient values ranged from 0.44 to 0.67. The dendrogram grouped 12 finger millet cultivars into three distinctive groups based on their divergence analysis which indicates that significant genetic diversity was present among the cultivars. Among the major elements, average calcium content was found to be highest in all the cultivars followed by sodium, sulphur and nitrogen. The average content of manganese was followed by zinc and iron between the minor elements. The correlation studies between genetic diversity using Shannon diversity index and mineral content showed positive correlation among all the minerals studied excluding nitrogen. Genetic diversity combined with mineral datasets will be useful for selection of suitable cultivars for improvement of nutritional values in finger millet varieties through conventional and molecular breeding approaches.

Journal ArticleDOI
Annisa1, Rini Hafzari1, Tia Setiawati1, Budi Irawan1, Joko Kusmoro1 
TL;DR: RAPD can capture the diversity among five different bamboo genera and has a great potential to be used in the study of genetic diversity in Indonesian bamboos.
Abstract: Abstract Conservation of bamboos for future exploitation as fuel, fibre and as an ingredient for cosmetics depends on knowledge of its natural genetic variation. The study of molecular genetic diversity in bamboos will provide important information for its conservation. This article reports on the genetic diversity in 25 species representing five genera of bamboos found in Indonesia using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. Out of 40 primers, 24 primers produced 1107 total bands and 86.21% of polymorphic bands across the 25 species. Sixteen bands were uniquely found in one species only and their presence or absence helped to define nine bamboo species. RAPD band sizes ranged from 162 to 2247 base pairs. A dendrogram based on the similarity coefficient of Dice divided the bamboo species into three big clusters. In conclusion, RAPD can capture the diversity among five different bamboo genera and has a great potential to be used in the study of genetic diversity in Indonesian bamboos.