RAPD

About: RAPD is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15960 publications have been published within this topic receiving 360391 citations.

Molecular typing and virulence analysis of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Egyptian hospitals.

Abstract: Klebsiella pneumonia infection rates have increased dramatically. Molecular typing and virulence analysis are powerful tools that can shed light on Klebsiella pneumonia infections. Whereas 77.7% (28/36) of clinical isolates indicated multidrug resistant (MDR) patterns, 50% (18/36) indicated carpabenem resistance. Gene prevalence for the AcrAB efflux pump (82.14%) was more than that of the mdtK efflux pump (32.14%) in the MDR isolates. FimH-1 and mrkD genes were prevalent in wound and blood isolates. FimH-1 gene was prevalent in sputum while mrkD gene was prevalent in urine. Serum resistance associated with outer membrane protein coding gene (traT) was found in all blood isolates. IucC, entB, and Irp-1 were detected in 32.14%, 78.5% and 10.7% of MDR isolates, respectively. We used two Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyses: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). ERIC-PCR revealed 21 and RAPD-PCR revealed 18 distinct patterns of isolates with similarity ≥80%. ERIC genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns and virulence determinants. RAPD genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns but not with virulence determinants. Both RAPD and ERIC genotyping methods had no correlation with the capsule types. These findings can help up better predict MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreaks associated with specific genotyping patterns.

Low levels of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

Abstract: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to characterize genetic variation in disjunct Newfoundland populations of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) for comparison with individuals from throughout the mainland range of red pine. Red pine demonstrated a largely monomorphic profile for 69 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. DNA samples from white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) that were screened together with red pine for 11 oligonucleotide primers showed abundant polymorphisms, confirming the genetic heterogeneity that characterizes these Boreal Zone spruces. Results with RAPD markers correspond with genetic diversity estimates using isozyme gene markers for both spruce species and red pine. RAPD markers provided further confirmation of low levels of genetic variation for a random sample of the red pine genome. A period of between 8000 and 10 000 years of isolation on the island of Newfoundland has resulted in very little detectable genetic dif...

A Linkage Map of the Diploid Strawberry, Fragaria vesca

Abstract: A 445 cM long genetic linkage map consisting of seven linkage groups was constructed for the diploid (2n = 2x = 14) strawberry, Fragaria vesca. Segregation data used for linkage analysis were obtained from the F2 generation of a cross between Baron Solemacher (BS), an Alpine F. vesca variety, and WC6, an F. vesca clone collected from the wild in New Hampshire. Segregation ratios were systematically skewed in five linkage groups, in all cases favoring the BS alleles over the WC6 alleles. The marker map includes 64 dominant and 11 codominant randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, an alcohol dehydrogenase locus detected as a PCR-based sequence tagged site, the phosphoglucose isomerase and shikimate dehydrogenase isozyme loci, and the runnering and fruit color loci. A notable feature of the map is the unusually large number of codominant RAPD markers, the detection of which was due in part to the use of template mixing methods for primer testing and marker analysis. Alternate alleles of a maternally inherited RAPD marker were also detected using these methods.

Detection of somaclonal variation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) using cytogenetics, flow cytometry and molecular markers

Abstract: Two protocols of plant regeneration for cotton were adopted in this study, namely, 2, 4-D and kinetin hormone combination and IBA and kinetin hormone combination. Twenty-eight embryogenic cell lines via somatic embryogenesis and 67 regenerated plants from these embryogenic calli were selected and used for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), simple sequence repeat (SSR), chromosomal number counting, and flow cytometric analysis. The roles of RAPD and SSR markers in detecting somaclonal variation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were evaluated. Two cluster analyses were performed to express, in the form of dendrograms, the relationships among the hormone combinations and the genetic variability. Both DNA-based techniques were able to amplify all of the cell clones and regenerated plantlets genomes and relative higher genetic variation could be detected in the culture type with 2, 4-D and kinetin hormone combination. The result suggested that 2, 4-D and kinetin hormone combination could induce relative high somaclonal variation and RAPD and SSR markers are useful in detecting somaclonal variation of regenerated cotton plants via somatic embryogenesis. Chromosome number counting and flow cytometry analysis revealed that the number of chromosomes and ploidy levels were nearly stable in all regenerated plants except two regenerated plantlets (lost 4 and 5 chromosomes, respectively) which meant that cytological changes were not correlated with the frequency of RAPD and SSR polymorphisms. This result also might mean that the cell lines with variation of chromosome numbers were difficult to regenerate plants.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers readily distinguish cryptic mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae: Anopheles)

Abstract: The usefulness of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was examined as a potential tool to differentiate cryptic mosquito species. It proved to be a quick, effective means of finding genetic markers to separate two laboratory populations of morphologically indistinguishable African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis. In an initial screening of fiftyseven RAPD primers, 377 bands were produced, 295 of which differed between the two species. Based on criteria of interpretability, simplicity and reproducibility, thirteen primers were chosen for further screening using DNA from thirty individuals of each species. Seven primers produced diagnostic bands, five of which are described here. Some problematic characteristics of RAPD banding patterns are discussed and approaches to overcome these are suggested.