RAPD

About: RAPD is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15960 publications have been published within this topic receiving 360391 citations.

Genetic relatedness of Portuguese almond cultivars assessed by RAPD and ISSR markers.

Abstract: Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity of Portuguese Prunus dulcis cultivars and their relationship to important foreign cultivars Of the primers tested, 6 (out of 60) RAPD and 5 (out of 18) ISSR primers were selected for their reproducibility and high polymorphism Out of 124 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 120 (968%) were polymorphic All the plants could be discriminated and constitute a very heterogeneous group Five unidentified almond plants found in the region of Foz Coa (north Portugal) and wild almond (P webbii) from Italy and Spain were also included Four main groups of plants could be distinguished: P dulcis cultivars; one Foz Coa plant; P webbii; and P persica (outgroup) The segregating Foz Coa plant may represent a feral individual or a hybrid between P dulcis and P webbii

Typing of Clinical and Environmental Aeromonas sp. Strains by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA PCR, Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR, and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequence PCR

Abstract: Bacteria of Aeromonas sp. are gram-negative, straight cells (rod-shaped to coccoid) with rounded ends. They are oxidase and catalase positive, reduce nitrate to nitrite, and ferment d-glucose. These bacteria are widely spread in the environment, especially in surface water and sewage; they also occur in untreated and treated drinking water (1, 2, 4, 18). In humans, Aeromonas spp. are responsible for gastroenteritis, chronic diarrhea, wound infections, respiratory tract infections, peritonitis, urinary tract infections, and septicemia (2, 17). Among Aeromonas-associated infections of humans A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii are the predominating species, whereas A. eucrenophila, A. popoffii, (2), and A. culicicola (28) have never been found in clinical samples. Some Aeromonas species are associated with a wide variety of diseases in cold- and warm-blooded animals, including fish, frogs, water buffaloes, reptiles, birds, and cattle (16, 28). A. veronii, A. hydrophila, and A. salmonicida are capable of causing septicemia in freshwater and marine fish (3, 9). Clinical and environmental Aeromonas sp. isolates secrete many extracellular products, such as hemolysins, enterotoxins, and proteases. Studies conducted by Kuhn et al. (22) showed that some isolates of a given species produce virulence factors more frequently than others. These findings indicate that the virulence within the genus Aeromonas might be a clonal property and only some clones may be responsible for progressive disease. However, there have been no studies that would have determined clonal structure within Aeromonas spp. and the spread of specific clones in human population and in the environment. Our study was undertaken to recognize the clonal relatedness of strains derived from diarrheal stool specimens collected from humans living in different geographical areas. We also compared genetic similarities of clones recovered from stool and the environment. In addition, we attempted to determine the genetic relationship of Aeromonas strains isolated from healthy and dead fish of the species Rutilus rutilus. Moreover, we evaluated random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD), repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP-PCR), and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) PCR methods for fingerprinting of Aeromonas spp. isolates.

Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense : molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya

Abstract: Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense comprises morphologically identical but genetically heterogeneous parasites infective to livestock and other mammalian hosts; three different genotypes of this parasite have been described previously. Restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in both kinetoplast DNA minicircle and nuclear DNA sequences, and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) patterns have been used here to demonstrate the existence of another type of T. (N.) congolense that is genotypically distinct from those that have so far been characterized at the molecular level. A highly repetitive, tandemly arranged DNA sequence and oligonucleotide primers, for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are described, which can be used for specific identification of the trypanosome and its distinction from others within the Nannomonas subgenus.

Assessment of agronomic, chemical and genetic variability in common basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Abstract: In the present work, agro-morphological characteristics, essential oil composition and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were studied to estimate the relationships among 12 basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes, belonging to nine known cultivars grown in Italy. The basil cultivars were distinguished on the basis of agro-morphological determinations and constituents of essential oil. Chemical compounds of essential oils were found variable in the various basil cultivars. As a consequence, the plants were classified into main phenotypes and chemotypes. RAPD markers were used in order to assess the genetic relatedness among the basil cultivars. On the basis of their genetic similarities, RAPD analysis allowed to group the samples into two main clusters. One of these included cultivars suitable for food industry, which were also correlated via agro-morphological features. However, the same cultivars produced distinct essential oil profiles, which did not match with results obtained by agronomic and genetic analysis. This fact, maybe, is due to a different genic expression of the key enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathways that produce chemical compounds.

Genetic characterization of AvrLm1, the first avirulence gene of Leptosphaeria maculans

Abstract: Specific interactions of the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans with Brassica napus cultivars were observed when the cultivars were inoculated with isolates belonging to pathogenicity groups (PG) PG3 and PG4. PG3 isolates induced resistance responses on cotyledons or leaves of cv. Quinta, whereas PG4 isolates caused sporulating lesions on this cultivar. In contrast, both pathotypes caused disease symptoms on cvs. Westar and Glacier. The genetic basis of cultivar specificity was studied using tetrad analysis after in vitro crosses between one PG3 and one PG4 isolate. For the genetic study, the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as genetic markers was assessed. Of 61 primers, 10 generated reproducible polymorphisms. Of these, 9 generated 18 RAPD markers displaying a 2 :2 segregation ratio within the 10 analyzed tetrads. A 2 :2 segregation ratio for avirulence/virulence to cv. Quinta also was observed in the progeny. Consequently, the single genetic locus controlling cultivar specificity on Quinta was considered the first avirulence gene described in L. maculans and was designated AvrLM1.