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RAPD
About: RAPD is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 15960 publications have been published within this topic receiving 360391 citations.
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TL;DR: It is shown that an analogous 8 taxon structure for this genus results from the random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), which confirms the potential of RAPDs as a tool for the detection of cryptic species.
Abstract: Eight taxa have recently been proposed as being encompassed by the genus Trichinella on the basis of allozyme and biological data. In this paper we show that an analogous 8 taxon structure for this genus results from the random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Five 10-mer or 20-mer primers were used under different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions to produce multiband RAPD fingerprints from muscle larvae of 40 isolates of Trichinella spp. The resulting RAPD data were analysed following the numerical taxonomic approach, and the resulting classification was compared to that derived from allozyme data. The agreement found between allozymes and RAPDs, while supporting the polyspecific structure of the genus Trichinella, confirms the potential of RAPDs as a tool for the detection of cryptic species. The selected primers were tested on individual muscle larvae in an attempt to standardize a RAPD assay for the routine identification of the 8 taxa of Trichinella. Only 1 of the 5 primers yielded reproducible fingerprints from the single larvae. Using this primer, the 5 species and the 3 other taxa of the genus Trichinella can be identified in a single assay without the need for massive in vivo parasite production.
87 citations
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TL;DR: Eighteen isolates of bacteria obtained from the sputum of pneumonic plague patients and from the liver and spleen of rodents from the plague-affected areas of India during 1994-1995 when analyzed by 16S rDNA analysis clearly demonstrated that all 18 isolates exhibit an average similarity with the genus Yersinia and Y. pestis.
Abstract: Eighteen isolates of bacteria obtained from the sputum of pneumonic plague patients and from the liver and spleen of rodents from the plague-affected areas of India during 1994-1995 when analyzed by 16S rDNA analysis clearly demonstrated that all 18 isolates exhibit an average similarity of 98.5% with the genus Yersinia and 99.1% with Yersinia pestis, thus identifying the isolates as Y. pestis. The isolates from the human plague patients were found to be genetically more homogeneous compared to the isolates from the rodents which were more heterogeneous. An epidemiological linkage among the rodents and human patients is also indicated by 16S rDNA analysis, which suggests that only a sub-population of the rodents was probably the source of the infectious pathogen to the humans initiating the outbreak of the epidemic. The results of the randomly amplified DNA polymorphisms (RAPD)-based DNA fingerprinting are in agreement with the above conclusions.
87 citations
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TL;DR: The results of the pairwise analysis of the RAPD data indicated that ‘Interdonato’ was genetically distinct from the other lemons, while high similarities were observed among the remaining genotypes.
Abstract: SummaryRandom Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was performed for the identification of 14 in vivo and one in vitro lemon mutants in comparison with a known zygotic origin genotype. Thirty six 10-mer arbitrary primers were employed to detect RAPD markers. Fourteen of the tested primers generated sole monomorphic profiles and 22 produced 43 polymorphic fragments in a total of 294 loci. With the polymorphisms obtained in the present assay, all the 16 lemon genotypes were identified. Among the 43 RAPD markers, 28 were unique to a single genotype, of which 20 were specific to ‘Interdonato’, four to ‘Ruvittaro’, three to ‘Monachello’ and one to ‘Femminello Continella’. The results of the pairwise analysis of the RAPD data indicated that ‘Interdonato’ was genetically distinct from the other lemons, while high similarities were observed among the remaining genotypes. High reproducibility of RAPD technique was observed in the analysis of three DNA preps. The RAPDs obtained in the present study have provided ...
87 citations
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TL;DR: This procedure is a modification of a protocol described by De la Cruz et al. (1995) and requires only a few grams of tissue and does not require destruction of the whole plant to produce high molecular weight genomic DNA.
Abstract: The cacti family is a morphologically heterogeneous group comprising 100 genera and about 1500 species (Hernandez and Barcenas, 1996). With the exception of one genus, all members of this family are native to America (Hernandez and Barcenas, 1996). There are three subfamilies, Opuntioideae, Cactoideae, and Pereskioideae (Gibson and Nobel, 1986). DNA isolation from cacti is notoriously difficult because they contain high amounts of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites which form insoluble complexes with nucleic acids during extraction (Guillemaut and Marechal-Drouard, 1992). Like in other groups of plants, the secondary metabolites and polysaccharides in cacti inhibit enzyme action (Porebski et al., 1997). The polysaccharides are visually evident by their viscous, glue-like texture and they make the DNA unmanageable when pipeting and hard to amplify by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Poresbski et al., 1997). We report an easy and inexpensive protocol to isolate DNA from cacti. We used this method to isolate DNA from 85 species (170 individuals) of 39 genera of the subfamilies Pereskioideae, Opuntioidea, and Cactoideae. This procedure is a modification of a protocol described by De la Cruz et al. (1995) for the Cacti family. It requires only a few grams of tissue and does not require destruction of the whole plant to produce high molecular weight genomic DNA. The DNA from this procedure can be amplified consistently by PCR and used for RAPD analysis.
87 citations
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TL;DR: This study suggests that either multiple losses of toxigenicity in A. flavus and A. parasiticus have occurred, or that recombination has reassorted this phenotype into a variety of different genetic backgrounds.
87 citations