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Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1969"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the quality characteristics of rapeseed, flax and sunflower meal proteins compared to soybean proteins and found that rapeseed and flax proteins were progressively less water-soluble than soybeans but were correspondingly more soluble in salt solutions.

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings suggest that complete removal of these sulfur compounds may be possible through plant breeding.
Abstract: Significant variation in fatty acid composition occurs within the seed oils of theBrassica genus, which includes the mustards and rapeseed. Research into the inheritance and biosynthesis of fatty acids has shown that at least two biosynthetic pathways exist in the developing rapeseed and some of the steps are under direct genetic control. The plant breeder has the basic knowledge in this oilseed crop to produce seed oils with defined fatty acid composition, and a practical example is the commercial development of Canbra oil, the rapeseed oil from which erucic acid has been eliminated.Brassica seed meals contain thioglucosides which may cause metabolic disturbances when fed to certain classes of livestock. The major thioglucosides in rapeseed meal are those giving rise to 3-butenyl and 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate and 5-vinyl-2-oxazolidinethione. Partial success in eliminating these compounds has been achieved by breeding strains of turnip rape (B. campestris) which do not contain the glucosides of 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate and oxazolidinethione, and the identification of aB. napus variety with very low levels of all three glucosides. These findings suggest that complete removal of these sulfur compounds may be possible through plant breeding.

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An experiment is described in which extracted Algerian rapeseed meal was included at levels of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% in the diet of two hybrid strains of caged laying hens, finding that the light-weight hybrids exhibited a high mortality when fed rapeeed meal at a level of 8 % or above but inclusion of rapeseed Meal did not cause increased mortality in the medium-weight hybrid birds.
Abstract: An experiment is described in which extracted Algerian rapeseed meal was included at levels of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% in the diet of two hybrid strains of caged laying hens. The rapeseed meal was thyrotoxic and this effect, when assessed by thyroid weight per kg of body weight, was more marked for the light-weight hybrid than for the medium-weight hybrid birds. The light-weight hybrids exhibited a high mortality when fed rapeseed meal at a level of 8 % or above in the diet but inclusion of rapeseed meal did not cause increased mortality in the medium-weight hybrids. The medium-weight hybrids gave satisfactory egg production when fed up to 16% of dietary rapeseed meal; food conversion efficiency was best with 8% of dietary rapeseed meal, and metabolisable energy conversion (Meal/kg eggs) and the efficiency of utilisation of protein were, satisfactory at all levels of rapeseed meal inclusion. The rapeseed meal used had a standard metabolisable energy content of 1820 kcal/kg at a dry matter content of 89 %.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fatty acid analysis of F2 seed from the cross zero × low (7%) erucic acid winter rapeseed parents supported the hypothesis that, in these strains, one gene pair governs the level of erucing acid, and that each, allele contributes approximately 3.5% erucaic and 6% eicosenoic acid to the seed oil.
Abstract: The transfer of the zero erucic acid characteristic from spring to winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and the identification of a new allele determining the erucic acid level in rapeseed oil are reported. Fatty acid analysis of F2 seed from the cross zero × low (7%) erucic acid winter rapeseed parents supported the hypothesis that, in these strains, one gene pair governs the level of erucic acid, and that each, allele contributes approximately 3.5% erucic and 6% eicosenoic acid to the seed oil. Gene action is similar to other alleles in this series, in that the genes display no dominance and act in an additive manner. The long-chain fatty acids, erucic and eicosenoic, were each significantly negatively correlated with the 18 carbon fatty acids, oleic and linoleic. Within each of the three F2 genotypes, correlation coefficients between oleic and linoleic were also negative and significant.

41 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1969-Botany
TL;DR: Two proteins, previously described by the authors as BI and AIVS, have been isolated from eight varieties of rapeseed belonging to Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L. species but differ in amino acid composition, particularly with regard to the sulfur-containing amino acids.
Abstract: Two proteins, previously described by the authors as BI (S020, buffer 12 S) and AIVS (S020, w 1.7 S) have been isolated from eight varieties of rapeseed belonging to Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L. species. These proteins have similar chromatographic and electrophoretic characteristics but differ in amino acid composition, particularly with regard to the sulfur-containing amino acids. One of the rapeseed samples was obtained from plants grown on sulfur-deficient soil. The sulfur deficiency produced, in the mature seed, a much reduced protein content and appeared to affect the structure of the protein BI.

40 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For the overall test, the only difference in the phase-fed groups compared with birds fed the higher protein soybean meal control diet was a significantly lower weight gain from the diet where rapeseed meal replaced all of the soybean Meal protein, and a decrease in average egg weight from the diets.
Abstract: Two experiments were carried out to investigate the value of rapeseed meal in poultry diets. In the first experiment when rapeseed meal replaced all of the supplemental soybean protein in a corn, soya-type pullet growing diet, weight gain was significantly reduced as compared with the corn, soya control diet. The difference, however, was small and may well have been due to amino acid imbalance. In the second experiment rapeseed meal effectively replaced soybean meal in a laying hen diet when fed in a phase-feeding program. For the overall test, the only difference in the phase-fed groups compared with birds fed the higher protein soybean meal control diet was a significantly lower weight gain from the diet where rapeseed meal replaced all of the soybean meal protein, and a decrease in average egg weight from the diet where rapeseed meal replaced half of the soybean meal protein.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The beneficial effect of dietary fat in improving weight gains and feed efficiency of chickens and turkeys has been adequately demonstrated.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the correlation coefficients were calculated for all pairs of fatty acids and for oil and each fatty acid, showing that there was a strong tendency for negative correlations between oleic and other fatty acids, and a tendency for positive correlation between linoleic and linolenic.
Abstract: Four populations of rapeseed plants (Brassica napus L.) were used in an investigation of the correlation of seed oil and its component fatty acids; the constituents of the oil were palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and eicosenoic acids. Oil content was calculated as percent of the dry weight of the seed and fatty acids from the oil as percent of total fatty acids (TFA) and as percent of seed. Correlation coefficients were calculated for all pairs of fatty acids and for oil and each fatty acid.When fatty acids were expressed as percent of TFA, there was a strong tendency for negative correlations between oleic and other fatty acids and a tendency for positive correlation between linoleic and linolenic. These results are essentially similar to published correlations. When fatty acids were expressed as percent of seed, there were no consistently significant correlations for any pair of fatty acids in the four populations of rapeseed plants.When fatty acids were expressed as percent of TFA and oil as perc...

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate of oil extraction from moist and dry rape seed was compared over an extraction time of 20 h and showed oil to be more readily extractable from oven-dried seed.
Abstract: The rate of oil extraction from moist and dry rape seed was compared over an extraction time of 20 h and showed oil to be more readily extractable from oven-dried seed. Three methods of determining the oil content by extraction of single samples were compared with a method in which a number of samples contained in single satchets were extracted in one large extractor. No significant differences were shown between any of the methods used, and it is proposed where sample numbers are large, and oil content is the only analysis required, that the multiple extraction method of oven-dried seed is satisfactorily quick and accurate.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the quality of whole rapeseed and rapeseed meal by autoclaving employed for destruction of oxazolidinethione-yielding thioglucosides were investigated using whole seed and defatted meal of Brassica napus and meal of B. campestris.
Abstract: Effects on the quality of whole rapeseed and rapeseed meal by autoclaving employed for destruction of oxazolidinethione-yielding thioglucosides were investigated using whole seed and defatted meal of Brassica napus and meal of B. campestris. When the whole seed was treated, autoclaving resulted in browning and high acid value of the oil, although the yield of the oil was increased. On the contrary, autoclaving of the seed meals improved the flavour of the meal with a slight loss of drymatter. Although a marked decrease of the water-solubility of protein was noted, the autoclaving increased the digestibility of the protein in the meal by pancreatin and pepsin. The digestibility of B. napus meal generally lower than that of B. campestris meal.