Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1970"

Lipid and morphological changes in developing rapeseed, Brassica napus.

Abstract: Self-pollinated seed from normal and erucic acid free plants of summer rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was harvested at weekly intervals from pollination to maturity. Oven-dried whole seeds and their component parts were weighed and analyzed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Oil and dry matter accumulation followed sigmoidal patterns, most of the deposition occurring between 14 and 35 days after pollination (DAP). The relative contribution of the testa, endosperm and embryo to dry weight and oil content of whole seeds changed significantly during seed development. Oil content of the developing embryo varied from 22 to 44%, and the testa from 1.6 to 13%, although at maturity only 6 to 8% oil was found in the testa and adhering aleurone. The nucleate endosperm oil content was estimated to be low and in the order of 2 to 2.5%. In 7- to 14-day-old seeds the dry weight, oil content and fatty acid composition were largely determined by the testa and endosperm. From 14 to 21 DAP the testa and embryo were ...

Changes in the nitrogenous components of rapeseed (brassica napus) grown on a nitrogen and sulfur deficient soil

Abstract: The analyses for the amounts of nitrogenous constituents of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) grown under conditions of nutrient deficiency have shown that additions of ammonium nitrate (44.8 kg of N/ha), triple superphosphate (22.4 kg of P2O5/ha), and potassium sulfate (205.1 kg of K2O and 89.6 kg of S/ha) to the soil increase the amounts of protein deposited in mature seed and produce changes in the relative proportions of the nitrogen-containing seed components.

Evaluations of rapeseed and soybean meals as protein sources for swine: apparent digestibilities of amino acids

Abstract: Semi-purified diets containing either soybean or rapeseed meal were fed to four barrow pigs of 60-kg liveweight in balance study cages. Comparison of feed intake and feces and urine output showed that the apparent digestibilities and biological values of the soybean meal-containing diet were 87.8 and 84.0%, respectively; the corresponding values for the rapeseed meal-containing diet were 78.4 and 78.9%. Samples of feed and feces were hydrolyzed and the n-propyl N-acetyl esters of the amino acids were prepared and separated by gas-liquid chromatography. Apparent digestibilities of the amino acids in the two protein sources were calculated; for soybean meal the values ranged between 85 and 92%, with the exception of methionine, for which the value was only 79%; the value for lysine was 90%. The corresponding values for rapeseed meal were 74 and 86%, with values of 87% for both methionine and lysine. An attempt to use polyethylene glycol as a digestion indicator failed, because rapeseed meal appeared to cont...

Rapeseed meal II.—Chemical composition and biological quality of the protein

Abstract: The chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein, amino acids, ether extract, crude fibre, Ca, P, Fe, thioglucosides, isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones) and biological quality (net protein utilisation, available lysine and digestibility) were investigated in 12 samples of presscake meal of rapeseed (Brassica napus) collected from local factories. Crude fibre and mineral contents were comparatively high. Thioglucosides and their hydrolysis products (isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones, which are toxic) were found in high concentrations. All samples showed a high protein content and their amino acid patterns corresponded to a good-quality protein with a score of 80, and an adequate level of available lysine. Nevertheless, the biological quality measured as net protein utilisation and digestibility gave low values, which could be explained on the basis of the presence of the toxic factors and the high level of crude fibre, respectively.

Digestibility, nitrogen retention and caloric value of rapeseed and soybean meals when fed at two dietary levels to calves

Abstract: Pre-pressed, solvent-extracted rapeseed and solvent-extracted soybean meals were fed with a basal diet to Holstein bull calves at levels to support maintenance or growth. Maintenance requirement was based on digestible energy (DE) = 145 W0.75 (kg). Growth rates of 0.55 and 0.75 kg per day were supported by intakes of 1.66 and 1.92 × maintenance for rape-basal and soy-basal diets. The digestibility of proximate components and energy were determined by the "difference" procedure. The derived crude protein digestion coefficients of rapeseed and soybean meals were 89 and 93%, resulting in digestible protein contents of 35 and 47%, respectively. The gross energy digestion coefficient was lower (P < 0.01) at the maintenance level of intake than at the level for growth, for both mixed rations (81, 89 for rapeseed meal and 78, 88 for soybean meal). The mean caloric values of rapeseed and soybean meals derived by difference were 3213 and 2926 kcal DE/kg dry matter, respectively. It was concluded that rapeseed meal...

Effect of seed pod location on the fatty acid composition of seed oil from rapeseed (Brassica napus and B. campestris).

Abstract: Oils from seeds produced at three locations on plants of Nugget (Brassica napus L.) and Echo (B. campestris L.) rapeseed, grown in field plots and a controlled environment room, were analyzed for their fatty acid composition. The fatty acid composition of oil from field-produced seed was not affected by the location of the seed on the plant. However, in the controlled environment room the effect of seed position was significant. Nugget seed from the lowest raceme contained seed oil with significantly higher linolenic acid and lower erucic acid than seed produced on the main raceme. Echo seed from the lowest pods on the main raceme contained significantly less palmitic acid than seeds from the lowest pods on the lowest raceme. Nugget seed grown in the controlled environment room had a significantly higher content of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, and significantly lower levels of linoleic, linolenic and erucic acids than Nugget field-produced seed. The fatty acid composition of Echo seed oil produced u...

INHERITANCE OF THE MAJOR GLUCOSINOI,ATES OF RAPESEED (BRASS(CA NAPaS) MEAL

Abstract: Glucosinolate content of rapeseed (Brassica loci were indicated in the contro) oJ gluco- napus L.) meal was investig-ated in parental, napin content. Overdominance of high_values hybrid and segregating populations- derived of glucobrassicanapin was demonstrated. Four fiom the cultiiai nronowski, and a strain or five loci probably control glucobrassica- derived from Target. The gluconapin, gluco- napin content. The high values of,progoitrin brassicanapin and progoitrin content of seed wele partially dominant to the absence of rneal was determined by the genotype of the progoitrin. Four loci were indicated for pro- maternal plant, rather than thE embiyo geno- goitrin. The gene systems controlling the_three type. Higiier values of gluconapin werJpar- compounds did not segregate independently tially dominant to the lower values. Three of each other. INTRODUCTION The three major glucosinolates of rapeseed meal are gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin and progoitrin. On enzyme hydrolysis, these glucosinolates produce 3-butenyl iso- thiocyanate (BI), 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate (PI), and (S) 5-vinyloxazolidine-2' thione (OZT ), respectively. The glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products can adversely afiect the feeding value of rapeseed meal for certain classes of livestock and poultry (1). This problem may be overcome by processing the meal, or these compounds may be eliminated through plant breeding procedures. A survey of Canadian rapesced cultivars (Brassica napus afld B. campestris) indicated signifi.cant within-species cultivar differences in glucosinolate content (7). Similar results were reported from a survey of European cultivars (6). However, differences between cultivars were relatively small and none of the cultivars was free or practically free of glucosinolates. Cultivars of B. campeslns from Japan and lndia were found to be free of PI and/or OZT, and were used in a genetic study of Canadian B. campestris cultivars (3). It was found that the BI, PI and OZT content of ts. campestris seed was controlled by the maternal genotype rather than by the embryo genotype. The alleles conditioning the presence of PI and OZT were partiaily dominant to those conditioning the absence of these compounds. The absence of PI and OZT was simply inherited, probably through a single recessive gene for each compound. The two gene systems segregated independently. The B. napus cultivar Bronowski was found to be extremely low in glucosinolate content (J. Krzymanski, 'J.96J, personal communication). Some plants produced seed prac- tically free of glucosinolates. This discovery provided the mechanism for investi- gating the inheritance of glucosinolates in seed meal of B. napus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The parents consisted of the cultivar Bronowski (P,) which contained only minor quantities of the three glucosinolates, and an early selection (P,) from the Canadian cultivar Target which contained significant amounts of glucosinolates. Recipro- cally cross-pollinated seed, self-pollinated seed of parental lines and first backcross seed was produced. P, and P, plants were used as females in the production of first backcross seed. The progeny of original parents, F populations and back-