Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1972"
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for the diffusion extraction of glucosinolates from rapeseed was described, based on the principle that low molecular weight glucosins will passively diffuse through seed membranes which retain proteins and triglycerides.
Abstract: A process is described for the diffusion extraction of glucosinolates from rapeseed. The detoxification procedure is based on the principle that low molecular weight glucosinolates will passively diffuse through seed membranes which retain large molecules such as proteins and triglycerides. The diffusion rates of glucosinolates, sugars, polyphenols and some N compounds were affected by extraction time and temperature, agitation, seed to solvent ratio and pH of the aqueous medium. Five or six 1-h extractions with 0.01N NaOH at 60°C were sufficient to remove all but traces of the glucosinolates present in turnip rape and rape. Boiling of the seed before aqueous extraction was necessary to control the myrosinase activity and maintain the sulfur content of the oil at less than 10 ppm. The diffusion extracted rapeseed contained a higher proportion of oil and crude fiber but lower percentages of crude protein, ash and N-free extract than control samples. The detoxified rapeseed could be used directly in feeds and foods or further processed into a meal, flour, protein concentrate or isolate.
34 citations
TL;DR: The effects of diets containing olive oil, corn oil-ethyl erucate (1:5), rapeseed oil (B. campestris) or zero-erucic rapesseed oil (var. Canbra) on the tissue fatt are studied.
Abstract: The effects of diets containing olive oil, corn oil-ethyl erucate (1:5), rapeseed oil (B. campestris) or zero-erucic rapeseed oil (var. Canbra) on the tissue fatt
20 citations
TL;DR: Body weight gain, egg production and egg size were lower with the rapeseed meal diets than with the soybean meal diets, and Thyroid glands of the birds fed rapeeed meal were markedly hypertrophied.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, genetically developed low-erucic varieties of Brassica campestris and Brassica napus are expected to become a major part of the Canadian and European rapeseed crops within the next few years.
Abstract: Because of evidence that erucic acid may be undesirable in edible products, genetically developed low-erucic varieties ofBrassica campestris andBrassica napus are expected to become a major part of the Canadian and European rapeseed crops within the next few years. In contrast the objective of work on crambe and related oilseeds in the U.S. is a reliable domestic source of oil high in erucic acid for industrial purposes. Whether the oil is produced for edible or nonfood uses, however, the glucosinolates that are characteristically present in oilseeds of the mustard family unfavorably influence the use of the byproduct meals as feed. These glucosinolates are the subject of current intensive research, both chemical and genetic. Development of convenient, accurate and sensitive analytical methods has markedly facilitated this research. To achieve optimum meal quality, procedures involving aqueous extraction of unreacted glucosinolates are under study. Genetically, a Polish variety ofB. napus called Bronowski has been found to produce seed having very low glucosinolate content, and individual low-glucosinolate plants ofB. campestris have been discovered. Crambe exhibits significantly less observable variability than rapeseed. Consequently the approaches based on chemical research seem more promising, but the possibility of developing a low-glucosinolate, high-erucicBrassica adapted to agricultural production in the U.S. to complement or even compete with crambe is not being overlooked.
19 citations
TL;DR: The fatty acid composition will change during the next years so that erucic acid will be practically removed and the content of glucosinolates will be reduced dramatically, and consequently the meal will be accepted much more readily.
Abstract: Rapeseed is number five among the oilseeds of the world. During the last 10 years the crop has increased more in per cent than any other oilseed crop. In the FAO prospects an annual rate of increase of 4.7% is foreseen. The fatty acid composition will change during the next years so that erucic acid will be practically removed. The content of glucosinolates will also be reduced dramatically, and consequently the meal will be accepted much more readily.
15 citations
15 citations
TL;DR: The weight gain and the protein efficiency ratio in the rat was equal to that obtained with a reference diet based on methionine-enriched casein and the value of using hydraulic processing in order to prepare a protein concentrate from oilseeds for human consumption is discussed.
Abstract: A method is described for the hydraulic pressing of dehusked rapeseeds, resulting in a meal with comparatively low oil and crude fibre contents. This process was followed by repeated washings with water in order to remove the thioglucosides. The weight gain and the protein efficiency ratio in the rat was equal to that obtained with a reference diet based on methionine-enriched casein. The value of using hydraulic processing in order to prepare a protein concentrate from oilseeds for human consumption is discussed.
14 citations
TL;DR: Rats were fed diets containing 60 cal% rapeseed oil (RSO) or sunflowerseed oil (SSO) for periods up to 64 weeks and when the animals were allowed to eat ad libitum, the food consumptio increased.
Abstract: Rats were fed diets containing 60 cal% rapeseed oil (RSO) or sunflowerseed oil (SSO) for periods up to 64 weeks. When the animals were allowed to eat ad libitum, the food consumptio
14 citations
TL;DR: Swine were maintained for 6 weeks on practical corn–soy diets containing 10% corn oil (Zea mays) or 10% rapeseed oil (Brassica napus) and tissue lipids were extracted and subjected to fatty acid analysis.
Abstract: Swine were maintained for 6 weeks on practical corn–soy diets containing 10% corn oil (Zea mays) or 10% rapeseed oil (Brassica napus). Tissue lipids were extracted and subjected to fatty acid analysis. Erucic acid deposition was greatest in plasma and adipose tissue lipids, accounting for more than 7% of the total fatty acids. In the spleen, adrenal, erythrocyte, and heart, 22:1 comprised 3–5% of the total acids, whereas in the ovary, liver, kidney, and testis, only 1–3% was found. Eicosenoic acid was present in approximately the same concentration as erucic acid in most tissues. Generally, more oleic and palmitoleic acid and less linoleic acid occurred in the tissues from pigs receiving rapeseed oil. There was no marked influence of dietary fat on tissue polyunsaturated acids.
14 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: Crossbred weanling pigs, equalized between gilts and barrows, were fed ad libitum in two replicates of seven dietary treatments and the addition of PA to a diet containing 10% rapeseed improved gain.
Abstract: Forty-two crossbred weanling pigs, equalized between gilts and barrows, were fed ad libitum in two replicates of seven dietary treatments. Diets contained 0, 5, or 10% unprocessed ground rapeseed of Brassica campestris type with or without propionic acid (PA) at a level of 10% of the rapeseed. Rapeseed was treated with PA prior to grinding. Additional pigs were fed diets containing 1 or 4% PA. Feed intake decreased, but not significantly when the diet contained rapeseed or 4% PA. Pigs fed the diet without rapeseed or PA gained 0.65 kg/day and required 2.79 kg feed/leg gain. Daily gain (0.47 kg) was lowest (P < 0.01) for pigs receiving 10% rapeseed with those receiving 5% rapeseed being intermediate between those fed 0 or 10% rapeseed. The addition of PA to a diet containing 10% rapeseed improved (P < 0.01) gain. Digestible energy (DE) in the diet containing 10% rapsseed was less efficiently (P < 0.01) utilized than DE in the basal diet with 0% rape-seed, even though digestibility studies suggested no depr...
TL;DR: In this paper, bin-heated rapeseed (Brassica campestris) was either: ground; ground and dry-cooked for 30 min at 110 c; ground, autoclaved, extracted, steam-stripped, and dried; or ground, auto-closhed, partially extracted with petroleum ether.
Abstract: Undamaged and bin-heated rapeseed (Brassica campestris) were either: ground; ground and dry-cooked for 30 min at 110 C; ground and autoclaved for 30 min at 12 kg/cm2, then dried at 100 C; ground, autoclaved, partially extracted with petroleum ether; or ground, autoclaved, extracted, steam-stripped, and dried These meals were incorporated at 8, 12, 16, and 20% levels, seed basis, in approximately isocaloric, isonitrogenous mouse diets containing about 20% protein Bin-heated rapeseed contained no glucosinolates, no myrosinase, and only a trace of hydroxynitriles, but had lost 65, 52, 28, 23, and 15% of its original tryptophan, lysine, histidine, arginine, and threonine, respectively Mycotoxins were not detected The odor of the meal derived from heated rapeseed was rated by a panel and found to be generally pleasant Growth rates and feed utilization by mice fed bin-heated rapeseed were normal Dietary protein levels were too high to allow the amino acid changes to be reflected in animal performance
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The thyroidal gland at 64 weeks of age was enlarged, while no such phenomenon was seen in the control lot, but it was noted that the enlargement was more remarkable when on domestic rapeseed meal than on Canada meal.
Abstract: A series of feeding experiments was conducted to know the nutritive value of rapeseed meal, which had not been used as feedstuff of Poultry in Japan.Two sources of rapeseed were used. One was domestic (B. napus) and the other imported from Canada (B. campestris) which were pre-treated at 105°C for 45 minutes. before solvent extraction.The experiment reported herein was designed to determine whether rapeseed meal mixed in grower and layer test diets at level of 0, 4, 8 and 12% of white Leghorn chicken affected growth, feed intake, feed convertion, weight of thyroid gland at 16 weeks of age, day of first egg and weight of first egg during the growing period (8-20 weeks), egg production, feed intake, feed convertion, egg weight, weight of thyroid gland at 64 weeks of age, hatchability and body weight at 44 weeks and 64 weeks of age during the laying period.The results were as follow.1) When the test diets containing 8% or higher domestic rapeseed meal and 12% level of Canada repeseed meal was fed for the growing period, the feed intake clearly decreased compared with the control lot, but no difference was found in body weight at 20 weeks of age, day of first egg and weight of first egg.2) When the test diets containing 8% or higher level of domestic rapeseed meal was fed to the chicks for the growing period, the thyroidal gland at 16 weeks of age was enlarged compared with the control lot, but no difference was found in Canada rapeseed meel lot. When domestic and Canada rapeseed meal was fed, the thyroidal gland at 64 weeks of age was enlarged, while no such phenomenon was seen in the control lot. But it was noted that the enlargement was more remarkable when on domestic rapeseed meal than on Canada meal.3) When the domestic rapeseed meal was mixed at 12% level in layer test diets, the egg productin decrease, but no difference was found in Canada rapeseed meal lot. When neighter domestic or Canada rapeseed meal was mixed at 12% level in the layer test diets, egg weight and hatchability clearly decreased.4) When the eggs produced by the layer fed the layer diet containing domestic rapeseed meal at 12% level was fed to the chicks as a protein source at 17% level on air dry matter basis in grower diet, no thyroidal gland enlargement was observed at 4 weeks of age.