Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1978"
TL;DR: It might be possible, by selection, to develop varieties of rapeseed that are low in sinapine, according to the results of a study of cultivars grown at four different locations in Western Canada.
Abstract: Thirty-two samples of rapeseed consisting of eight cultivars (four Brassica napus and four Brassica campestris) grown at four different locations in Western Canada were used to study the effect of cultivar and growing location on the sinapine content of the seed. The results indicated that across location, the B. napus were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in sinapine than the B. campestris cultivars and the R-500 seed was lowest in sinapine content while the Midas seed was highest. While growing location had significant effects on the sinapine content of individual cultivars, no overall significant location effect was observed. The findings suggest that it might be possible, by selection, to develop varieties of rapeseed that are low in sinapine.
52 citations
TL;DR: High correlations between vegetative yield and seed yield indicated that plant size was the major determinant of seed yield per plant, and growth characters associated with earlier maturity were associated with higher yield.
Abstract: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cvs. Nugget, Oro, and Target were observed in the field on a single plant basis to evaluate the number of days to growth stages, rates of development, yield components,...
48 citations
TL;DR: Genotypic variation in physiological and physicochemical parameters associated with drought resistance was observed between cultivars in Brassica napus and B. campestris, and these may be a valuable resource for the development of cultivars for droughted environments.
Abstract: Genotypic variation in physiological and physicochemical parameters associated with drought resistance was observed between cultivars in Brassica napus and B. campestris. Significant variation in proline accumulation, chlorophyll stability, germination rate and percentage, relative turgidity, growth rates and water use efficiency were found in plants grown under simulated drought conditions in a glasshouse. No variation was detected between cultivars for leaf diffusive resistance or heat tolerance. A yield index for each cultivar was derived from yield performances in nine different field environments. Chlorophyll stability and proline accumulation in leaf tissue and germination percentage in solution equivalent to - 17.5 bars osmotic potential was clearly related to this yield index in B. napus and to a lesser extent in B. campestris. The winter cultivars of B, napus also possessed drought resistance characteristics, and they may be a valuable resource for the development of cultivars for droughted environments. Parameters were measured in a glasshouse, prior to anthesis, and therefore offer potential as ancillary selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape growing in Western Australia.
46 citations
TL;DR: Only prolonged feeding of low erucic acid rapeseed oil diets resulted in significant alterations in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and when pyruvate and malate plus malonate were utilized as substrates, reduced rates of ATP synthesis were observed.
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of dietary rapeseed oils on cardiac mitochondrial function and metabolic conservation of energy, male weanling rats derived from the Sprague-Dawley strain were fed three rations containing either 15% (w/w) soybean oil, low erucic acid rapeseed oil or a high erucic acid rapeseed oil. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated for measurement of mitochondrial respiratory functions. Pyruvate and malate plus malonate or succinate plus amytal, or alpha-ketoglutarate and malate plus malonate were utilized as substrates for oxidative phosphorylation. Net rates of state 3 oxygen uptake and therefore ATP synthesis were found to decline with chronic feeding of the 15% (w/w) oil containing diets. Significantly reduced ADP/O ratios were observed for groups fed high erucic acid rapeseed oil containing diets for 11 days. Decreased ADP/O ratios were also observed for groups fed high or low erucic acid rapeseed oils for 112 days. When pyruvate and malate plus malonate were utilized as substrates, reduced rates of ATP synthesis were observed after chronic feeding of high erucic acid rapeseed oil diets. Only prolonged feeding of low erucic acid rapeseed oils resulted in significant alterations in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.
43 citations
TL;DR: The indirect determination of the glucosinolate content of rapeseed and brown or Oriental mustard seed by analysis for the isothiocyanate hydrolysis products should be complemented by analysing the data from commercial cultivars and breeding lines of Brassica napus and B. juncea mustard.
Abstract: Seed meals from commercial cultivars and breeding lines of Brassica napus and B. campestris rapeseed and B. juncea mustard, when incubated with a yellow mustard (B. hirta) myrosinase isolate, released between 5.4 and 13.1 μmoles of thiocyanate ion per gram of oil-free meal. Low glucosinolate rapeseed cultivars released amounts (8.6–11.4 μmoles) similar to that released by normal glucosinolate cultivars (10.1–13.1 μmoles). Mustard cultivars released less thiocyanate ion (5.4–6.9 μmoles). Stoichiometric agreement between analysis for glucose, sulphate and the combined isothiocyanates and thiocyanate ion released from aqueous extracts of B. napus cv. Tower meal which had been incubated with the myrosinase isolate indicated that in addition to isothiocyanates, thiocyanate ion is a product of glucosinolate hydrolysis. Thus the indirect determination of the glucosinolate content of rapeseed and brown or Oriental mustard seed by analysis for the isothiocyanate hydrolysis products should be complemented by analys...
35 citations
TL;DR: The data presented and the available evidence from experiments involving pigs, monkeys and poultry show that a reduction of the content of erucic acid in rapeseed lipids, as has been achieved by selective plant breeding, considerably improves the nutritional status of the cruciferous oils.
Abstract: Detailed morphometric studies performed in heart tissue from Swiss mice and Wistar rats show that, in comparison with other edible oils, long-term feeding of the new rapeseed oils, poor in erucic acid, do not significantly affect the incidence of myocardial background lesions, in contrast to high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil. The strong predisposition of the Sprague-Dawley rat, however, to develop myocardial necrosis is re-emphasized. The factors underlying this particularity need further clarification. The data presented and the available evidence from experiments involving pigs, monkeys and poultry show that a reduction of the content of erucic acid in rapeseed lipids, as has been achieved by selective plant breeding, considerably improves the nutritional status of the cruciferous oils.
31 citations
TL;DR: The role of linolenic acid which is present at a high level in the different rapeseed oils used, is considered, as a possible inhibitor of heart microsomal enzymes involved in linoleate arachidonate conversion, which might account for mitochondrial fragility and myocardial lesions obtained in long term rapeseed oil feeding experiments.
Abstract: Male Wistar rats were fed rapeseed oil containing high or low levels or erucic acid for 20 weeks, and changes in the fatty acid composition of cardiac mitochondrial phospholipids were studied. Treatment with rapeseed oil containing 46.2% erucic acid showed incorporation of 22∶1 (5.6%) into isolated cardiolipin from heart mitochondria. After high or low (3.7%) erucic rapeseed oil feeding, linoleic acid was slightly incorporated into cardiolipin. Moreover, both of these rapeseed oils induced a significant increase of linoleate-arachidonate ratio in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. This ratio was also significantly increased in fatty acids esterified to the β-position of these phospholipids. On the basis of such results, we have to consider the role of linolenic acid which is present at a high level in the different rapeseed oils used, as a possible inhibitor of heart microsomal enzymes involved in linoleate arachidonate conversion. Such alterations might account for mitochondrial fragility and myocardial lesions obtained in long term rapeseed oil feeding experiments.
28 citations
TL;DR: Criteria used by commercial grain handlers and scientists to assess rapeseed quality were compared and patterns of relationship identified by principal component analysis (PCA) based on 28 variables of 106 samples of Brassica napus L. cv.
23 citations
TL;DR: Balance trials indicated that the availability of the limiting amino acid(s) was lower than other essential amino acids for each protein source, and differences in PER of the diets paralleled the levels of the first limiting aminoacid for rat growth.
Abstract: Several oilseed and legume protein products were fed to rats as the sole source of dietary protein, and in blends with cereals for the determination of protein efficiency ratio (PER) and biological availability of amino acids. In addition oilseed protein isolates were fed to mice for the determination of PER. Results of the mouse study revealed that the adjusted PER (casein=100) for Target rapeseed isolate (108) was higher than those of sunflower (74), safflower (77), soybean (86) or flax (92) isolates.
20 citations
TL;DR: The pathological changes in the small and minute blood vessel walls were interpreted as one of the predisposing factors for the development of fatty embolism and subsequently of myocardial necrosis.
18 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Vegetables, forage plants, and oilseeds from the Cruciferae are of considerable economic importance as food or feed, and a group of compounds found in these plants are the source of substances that may be deleterious if consumed under certain conditions.
Abstract: I. ABSTRACT Vegetables, forage plants, and oilseeds from the Cruciferae are of considerable economic importance as food or feed. Examples are cabbage, forage kale, and rapeseed. Glucosinolates, a group of compounds found in these plants, are the source of substances that may be deleterious if consumed under certain conditions. These substances are organic nitriles and isothiocyanates or products derived from them. The compounds found in a particular plant material depend on the specific glucosinolates in the plant, the genetic source, the treatment of the plant material prior to the hydrolysis of the glucosinolates, and the conditions during that hydrolysis. Biological responses caused by the products from the glucosinolates thus depend on subtle differences in the treatment of the plant material.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dockage distribution, microflora associated with the seed, moisture content and temperature of freshly harvested wheat and rapeseed were measured on farms in Manitoba, where the predominate micro-flora were Penicillium on broken kernels of wheat and Streptomyces on buckwheat, wild oats, and broken pods associated with rapeseed.
Abstract: THE dockage distribution, microflora associated with the seed, moisture content and temperature of freshly harvested wheat and rapeseed were measured on farms in Manitoba. Dockage tended to concentrate near the walls of bins. The predominate microflora were Penicillium on broken kernels of wheat and Streptomyces on buckwheat, wild oats, and broken pods associated with rapeseed. The moisture content of whole wheat kernels was higher than that of the associated dockage while the reverse was found for rapeseed. In both the swath and bin the temperatures of wheat and rape-seed were 8 °C and 5 °C, respectively, above the ambient air temperature on sunny days.
TL;DR: Subsequent harvests of bromegrass and alfalfa showed no effects that were consistent between two independent experiments, and barley dry matter production at the first cut increased where wheat and Echo rape straws were incorporated in the soil, but not where Target rape straw was used.
Abstract: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Conquest), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss. cv. Magna), and alfalfa (Medicago media Pers. cv. Beaver) were grown together in a greenhouse in soil amended with ground straw or chaff. Additions of 8,970 kg/ha of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. cv. Target and B. campestris L. cv. Echo) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Manitou) straws reduced barley grain and straw production and bromegrass dry matter production at the first harvest. Alfalfa dry matter production at the first cut increased where wheat and Echo rape straws were incorporated in the soil, but not where Target rape straw was used. Subsequent harvests of bromegrass and alfalfa showed no effects that were consistent between two independent experiments. On Span rape stubble in the field, barley produced 3,600 kg/ha of grain where a rape swath had lain the previous fall, compared with a production of 3,300 kg/ha elsewhere. This difference was significant (P < 0.01) and correlated with a difference in soil nitrogen. A se...
TL;DR: There was an indication that poults to 56 days of age were not able to fully utilize whole rapeseed, and performance of turkeys fed Tower rapeseed oil or soybean oil was sim...
Abstract: Four replicate groups of 22 male large white day-old poults were assigned to each of eight dietary treatments. These consisted of a corn–soybean meal control diet and isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets containing either 25% Target, high-glucosinolate, rapeseed meal (RSM), 25% Tower, low-glucosinolate RSM derived from two sources or 21.5% whole autoclaved Tower rapeseed plus three other treatments where 10% of oil derived from either soybean, Tower rapeseed or Target rapeseed was added. Dietary specifications were changed with age of bird. Weight gain and feed intake were recorded to 112 days of age. Target RSM resulted in a significant depression in weight gain and feed intake. Compared to the corn–soybean control, 25% Tower RSM and whole autoclaved Tower rapeseed, which supplied most of the dietary fat, had no effect on turkey performance. There was an indication that poults to 56 days of age were not able to fully utilize whole rapeseed. Performance of turkeys fed Tower rapeseed oil or soybean oil was sim...
TL;DR: While there were no differences in lamb growth rates before weaning, those consuming Candle rapeseed meal in the creep rations after weaning tended to grow faster and with greater feed efficiency than did those receiving Tower rapeseed Meal and the corresponding grain.
Abstract: The meal from Candle, a new strain of rapeseed that is low in erucic acid, glucosinolates and fiber was compared with the meal from Tower rapeseed that is low in erucic acid and glucosinolates. Sheep were fed equal quantities of chopped timothy hay and one of the test rapeseed meals. The digestibility coefficients of the diets containing Candle rapeseed meal with respect to dry matter, nitrogen, organic matter, energy, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were significantly greater than those for diets containing Tower rapeseed meal. Lambs were fed a creep ration containing barley or corn and up to 32% rapeseed meal. While there were no differences in lamb growth rates before weaning, those consuming Candle rapeseed meal in the creep rations after weaning tended to grow faster and with greater feed efficiency (kg DM/kg gain; Mcal gross energy/kg gain) than did those receiving Tower rapeseed meal and the corresponding grain. These differences were not statistically significant. Corn silage, bar...
TL;DR: The results indicate that Tower rapeseed oil is indistinguishable from soybean oil in its nutritional and pathological properties.
Abstract: Male and female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), equally divided as to sex, were fed, up to 24 wk, diets which contained 20% by weight of either soybean oil or Brassica napus cv. Tower rapeseed oil which contained 0.2% erucic acid. Long-chain monoenes appeared to accumulate in the cardiac lipids of both sexes fed Tower rapeseed oil. Histochemical studies suggested no myocardial damage associated with the feeding of either diet. Histopathological examination of the hearts of monkeys fed the two diets showed that only two male monkeys fed soybean oil for 24 wk had myocardial lesions, and these were multiple small foci of mononuclear cells. The results indicate that Tower rapeseed oil is indistinguishable from soybean oil in its nutritional and pathological properties.
TL;DR: A new Brassica campestris variety of rapeseed, cv.
Abstract: A new Brassica campestris variety of rapeseed, cv. Candle, is currently being evaluated as an animal feed ingredient for use in Canada. This rapeseed has a lighter-colored seed coat and slightly less fiber than established varieties. Isocaloric (2,805 kcal metabolizable energy/kg), isonitrogenous (17% crude protein) corn–soy based mash diets were formulated to contain 0, 5, 10 or 15% Candle rapeseed meal. Each diet was offered to eight replicate groups of 12 caged commercial White Leghorn hens, Feed intake, egg production, egg weight and egg shell deformation were measured during each of ten 28-day periods of lay. Rapeseed meal had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on any of these parameters. Unlike older varieties, Candle meal did not depress egg weight when used at levels up to 10% of the diet, although at 15% inclusion there was an indication of reduced egg size. Diet had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on mortality or incidence of liver hemorrhage. From a consideration of all production characteristic...
TL;DR: In this paper, Tower rapeseed meal was supplemented with various amino acids such as Larginine·HCl, L-Iysine·Cl, and DL-mediionine.
TL;DR: An experiment under semi-arid seasonally dry tropical conditions to explore the possibilities of double cropping in the traditionally monocropped areas found mulching helped conserve enough moisture in the top 30 cm of soil to enable germination and quick establishment of the rapeseed crop.
Abstract: Results are described of an experiment made at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, for 4 years under semi-arid seasonally dry tropical conditions to explore the possibilities of double cropping in the traditionally monocropped areas. Use of straw mulch did not increase mung yield in the monsoon season with welldistributed rainfall but increased its yield in a year when the monsoon receded early. Irrespective of rainfall pattern, mulching helped conserve enough moisture in the top 30 cm of soil to enable germination and quick establishment of the rapeseed crop. Mulching continued in the rapeseed crop conserved soil moisture until the flowering stage and increased the yield of rapeseed by 23%. Kaolin, a reflectant material applied at the preflowering stage, also increased seed yield of rapeseed.
TL;DR: There were no beneficial responses (P > 0.05) in nutrient digestibility, feedlot performance or carcass characteristics when 5% rapeseed meal was added to a high-barley diet containing 10.8% crude protein.
Abstract: Fifty steers were fed ad libitum for 127 days to evaluate the effect on animal performance and nutrient digestibility of the addition of rapeseed meal and rapeseed gum to a feedlot ration containing a high level of barley. There were no beneficial responses (P > 0.05) in nutrient digestibility, feedlot performance or carcass characteristics when 5% rapeseed meal was added to a high-barley diet containing 10.8% crude protein. The addition of 0.1, 0.2 or 3% rapeseed gum to the diet also had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on any of the parameters measured.
TL;DR: In this paper, gums derived from the refining of rapeseed oils from cvs were tested for their effects when fed to chicks and no adverse effects were found whether the gums were fed in a soybean meal diet or added back to rapeseed (Tower) meal which was then fed in substitution for soybeans.
Abstract: Gums derived from the refining of rapeseed oils from cvs. Tower and Midas were tested for their effects when fed to chicks. No adverse effects of the gums were found whether the gums were fed in a soybean meal diet or added back to rapeseed (Tower) meal which was then fed in substitution for soybean meal.
TL;DR: Nineteen samples of rapeseed were examined : 10 samples from Canada including 4 varieties of zero-erucic type, 6 samples in Japan, and other 3 samples from Formosa, France, and West Germany.
Abstract: Nineteen samples of rapeseed were examined : 10 samples from Canada including 4 varieties of zero-erucic type, 6 samples in Japan, and other 3 samples from Formosa, France, and West Germany. The species identification for 7 samples of which species were obscure, was carried out by cultivation test and chromosome numbers. Properties of the seed samples were investigated, and physical and chemical constants of the oils extracted from them with n-hexane were determined. The fatty acid composition of the oils was determined by GLC.The results obtained are briefly summarized below.1. The seeds of Brassica campestris except R·500 variety are generally reddish brown, whereas the seeds of Brassica napus are dark brown. The seed size is smaller for B. campestris except R·500 variety than for B. napus. On an average, the oil content of B. napus seeds is higher than that of B. campestris by about 3%.2. The oil samples from both B. campestris and B. napus show some differences in their characteristics and in their fatty acid compositions. Comparing the ordinary rapeseed oil samples excluding low or zero erucic acid (Nos. 57 and 1719), however, the mean values of characteristics and major component fatty acids of B. campestris oils are found close to the corresponding values of B. napus oils.3. Among the correlation coefficients between major component fatty acid pairs calculated from the data on all sample oils, the largest in absolute value is for erucic and oleic acids pair, -0.983. The following regression equation is given : Erucic acid %=-1.141 (oleic acid %) +61.59
TL;DR: The increase of the protein value is greater by the application of Propionibacterium Petersoni T 112 than by toasting of rapeseed meal.
Abstract: The influence of propionic bacteria on the biological value of potato-rapeseed meal protein ensilage was investigated. The inoculation of the ensilage with Propionibacterium Petersoni T 112 led to the reduction of the content of goitrogenous compounds (isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethiones) and to an increase of the nutritive value (NPU, PER) of the rapeseed protein. The increase of the protein value is greater by the application of propionic bacteria than by toasting of rapeseed meal.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors found the Janpol rapeseeds oil caused less pronounced changes in the determined indices of the biological and nutritional evaluation as compared with high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil.
Abstract: Comprehensive investigations were carried out for establishing the biological and nutritional value of low erucic-acid rapeseed oil from a variety of rape called Janpol selected in Poland. The pathophysiological effects of Janpol rapeseed oil were observed after giving it as the only source of fat in the diet or added in different proportions to other edible fats. In all cases the total amount of fat in the diet was 20 p. 100 kcal. The investigations were carried out on 78 young male Wistar rats aged 25 days at the beginning of the experiment. The rats were divided into 7 groups and they were given diets containing: 1) soybean oil; 2) mixed fats; 3) rapeseed oil of high erucic-acid content; 4) mixed fats containing 25 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 5) mixed fats with 50 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 6) mixed fats with 75 p. 100 of Janpol rapeseed oil; 7) Janpol rapeseed oil only. The experiment lasted 3 months. After its completion the rats were decapitated after 18 hours of starvation. The investigation s included : determination of weight gain, determination of the weight of selected organs (liver-lungs, heart, kidneys, testes, spleen), determination of alkaline phosphatase and pseudocholinesterase activity in the serum, determination of triglycerides and cholesterol in the serum, tests for adrenocortical function, histo-chemical investigations of the liver (alkaline and acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, fatty infiltration of the liver), macroscopic and microscopic anatomopathological examinations. The authors found the Janpol rapeseed oil caused less pronounced changes in the determined indices of the biological and nutritional evaluation as compared with high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil. Janpol repeseed oil given to experimental animals mixed with other fats in proportions of 25 p. 100 and 50 p. 100 of all fats in the diet, that is 5 p. 100 and 10 p. 100 kcal in the diet derived from Janpol oil gave in most determinations of the investigated parameters results very similar to those observed in animals receiving soybean oil. The results of these investigations show that Janpol rapesed oil can be used for nutrition of man in amounts not exceeding 10 p. 100 of the total caloric content of food.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It can be assumed that the low erucic acid rapeseed oil Janpol can be used in the feeding of man when served in the amount lower than 10% of total calories.
Abstract: The physiopathological effects were studied of a common high erucic acid rapeseed oil as well as of Janpol, a low erucic acid oil produced of a rapeseed variety selected in Poland. Its erucic acid content equals 2.8% of total fatty acids. The studies were carried out on white male Wistar rats, 25 days old at the beginning of experiment. These animals were divided into 6 groups fed the diets in which 10 or 20% of kcal well supplied either by high erucic acid rapeseed oil, by Janpol rapeseed oil, or by the sunflower oil. The experiment lasted 6 months. Following parameters were determined: increase in body weight, the weight of selected organs, blood serum alkaline phosphatase and pseudocholinesterase activities, blood serum cholesterol and triglycerides level, the content of corticosterone in the adrenal glands and blood plasma. The liver was studied histochemically for the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and of ATP-ase, as well as for the presence of lipids. Morphological studies of the myocardium comprised macroscopic, histological and electron microscopic investigation. The low erucic acid rapeseed oil Janpol seems to evoke less disturbances than the high erucic acid one. Supplied in the amount corresponding to 10% of total calories intake the former exerts the effect on the biochemical and morphological parameters similar to that of sunflower oil. It can be thus assumed that the low erucic acid rapeseed oil Janpol can be used in the feeding of man when served in the amount lower than 10% of total calories.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were subjected to an ambient temperature of 4 C for periods up to 24 days and fed a synthetic diet containing one of the following oils: peanut oil (PO), rapeseed oil (RO), low erucic acid rapeseedOil (LO), and partially hydrogenated marine oil (HO).
Abstract: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were subjected to an ambient temperature of 4 C for periods up to 24 days and fed a synthetic diet containing one of the following oils: peanut oil (PO), rapeseed oil (RO), low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LO), and partially hydrogenated marine oil (HO), each at 20% w/w. A parallel experiment using the same oils was performed at room temperature (23 C). During cold stress, animals on the RO diet showed higher mortality than all other groups; all 20 animals in this group died within 5 days. At room temperature, however, all animals survived. The lipid accumulation in the heart reached its peak in all groups after 3 days and then gradually declined. The accumulation was most pronounced in the RO animals and coincided with the high mortality at 4 C. The fatty acid composition of the cardiac triglycerides reflected that of the diet, while the composition of the cardiac lecithin was only marginally modified.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Rapeseed is the fifth largest oilseed crop in the world and is successfully cultivated, primarily to be used for oil extraction, in many areas of the world where the production of soybeans because of climatological reasons is insignificant.
Abstract: Publisher Summary New sources of vegetable proteins are among the most important and most readily available means for increasing the total protein supply for human food. The concept new vegetable proteins may include all cases when proteins are utilized from sources not conventionally used as food proteins, for example, oilseed protein residues, legumes, leaf proteins, plant tissue cultures, and algae. Providing all problems related to processing, marketing, distribution, toxicology, and acceptability are being solved merely, the use of oilseed protein residues would account for roughly as much protein as the amounts produced as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products during the same time period or almost half the amounts of protein coincidently produced as wheat and coarse grain products. Rapeseed is the fifth largest oilseed crop in the world and is successfully cultivated, primarily to be used for oil extraction, in many areas of the world where the production of soybeans because of climatological reasons is insignificant. The cultivation of rapeseed is almost entirely confined to the temperate and warm temperate zones of Asia and Europe. The chapter presents a table that shows the chemical composition of the seed. About half of the seed weight is accounted for by lipids. After oil extraction, the seed residues contain about 40–45% of crude protein, 13–17% of crude fiber, 8 % ash, and a fraction containing various carbohydrates and other organic compounds.
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: Wheat, maize, and rice are most important, but the importance of oats as protein source may increase, and protein from rapeseed may be of interest if it becomes possible to free it from glucosinolates and resulting products.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The present worldwide protein requirement, calculated on the basis of the protein consumption in Europe and North America, is about 120 million tons per year. The protein produced for feed and food uses is about 70% of plant and 30% of animal origin. This plant protein, about 170 million tons per year, is derived mainly from cereals and oilseeds. All the cereals contain about 10% protein. Production is being increased, for instance, by the introduction of new varieties and species with higher yields and protein contents. This has been particularly successful for wheat but also for oats: varieties are already known with protein contents up to 17%. On the other hand, the problems with the biological value of high protein varieties and the problems in connection with the baking qualities of some high yield wheat varieties are known. Wheat, maize, and rice are most important, but the importance of oats as protein source may increase. Among the oilseeds, the soybean is the most important supplier of protein. The importance of the sunflower is increasing and in 1974, this held second place after soybean in world oil production. Protein from rapeseed may be of interest if it becomes possible to free it from glucosinolates and resulting products.