Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1979"
TL;DR: Due to high contents of lysine, methionine and cysteine, rapeseed proteins have a higher nutritive value than any other known vegetable protein and are as high as that of good animal proteins.
Abstract: During recent years somewhat different methods of producing rapeseed protein concentrates (RPC) and isolates (RPI) have been developed. Texturizing of RPC has also been studied. Functional properties of RPC such as solubility, water-and fat-binding, emulsifying and foaming have been studied together with their organoleptic properties. Very bland RPC can be produced. How variables obtained in the instrumental analysis are related to those obtained in the sensory analysis has also been studied. Rapeseed flours are comparable to soy flours in water absorption and give higher fat absorption. Oil emulsification and whippability values depend on processing. Rapeseed protein concentrates, and isolates show excellent water- and fat-holding capacity. The isolate is high in oil emulsification and whipping characteristics. Rapeseed protein products can therefore be used as extenders or binders in meat patties or sausages. Their use in bread and other food items also has been studied. Due to high contents of lysine, methionine and cysteine, rapeseed proteins have a higher nutritive value than any other known vegetable protein. Their nutritive value is as high as that of good animal proteins. This has been shown in growth studies on rats and in a nitrogen balance study on studient volunteers. The safety of RPC has been tested through many years. With the exception of a negative effect on the zinc balance in rats, which can be compensated, no negative finding has been recorded.
92 citations
TL;DR: It would appear that rapeseed is presently not a suitable raw material for production of food grade protein flour and grits, but rapeseed protein concentrates and their texturates have satisfactory nutritional quality and feature good functional properties.
Abstract: In rapeseed, as in other oilseeds, there are some substances that adversely affect nutritional value. By application of appropriate technological processes, the antinutritive factors are removed and the final protein products appear to have high nutritive value. Compared with the soybean, rapeseed presents some unique problems. When processing rapeseed into protein foods, it is necessary to take into account high losses of nitrogen substances (nonprotein nitrogen), and higher costs of removing glucosinolates and their derivates, as well as phenolic compounds. Technically and economically feasible methods of reducing cellulose and phytate contents should be developed. In view of the presence of many constituents which lower the nutritional value of rapeseed protein products, it would appear that rapeseed is presently not a suitable raw material for production of food grade protein flour and grits. On the contrary, rapeseed protein concentrates and their texturates have satisfactory nutritional quality and feature good functional properties. Rapeseed isolates, except for poorer spinning properties, have similar characteristics to those of soybean isolates, but, as a result of low protein yields, their production is uneconomical. Recent progress in the breeding of glucosinolate-free and low fiber rapeseed varieties offers a new approach for development of processing methods for useful protein products based on this raw material.
26 citations
TL;DR: White Leghorn cockerels were of little use in studying the aetiology of haemorrhagic liver after feeding rapeseed meal if mortality was used as a criterion, but may be of value in studies of liver function.
Abstract: 1. The feeding of diets high in rapeseed meal to broiler chicks caused enlargement of the liver and may have caused some mortality. 2. High‐glucosinolate Brassica napus rapeseed meal caused a higher incidence of haemorrhagic livers among broiler chicks than did B. campestris meal and a low‐glucosinoate B. napus meal was without effect. 3. White Leghorn cockerels were of little use in studying the aetiology of haemorrhagic liver after feeding rapeseed meal if mortality was used as a criterion. They may be of value in studies of liver function.
24 citations
TL;DR: Cardiac phospholipids in rats fed the rapeseed oil contained an elevated level of omega 3 docosahexaenoic acid, particularly in phosphatidylethanolamine, which appeared to be a promising oil for human consumption.
Abstract: Male Wistar rats were fed a purified basal diet with 20% lard and corn oil (3:1), sunflower oil, poppyseed oil, low-erucic rapeseed oil from Brassica napus, cultivar Tower, or mixtu
23 citations
TL;DR: The aim of the present work was to study cham shortening of [14C]erucrc acid m the perfused rat heart, and to see if the activity of this system was altered after prolonged feeding with rapeseed 011.
23 citations
TL;DR: The expected improvement in grain yield if selection was made for plant characters measured between flowering and maturity was evaluated in populations of rapeseed grown in a droughted environment.
Abstract: The expected improvement in grain yield if selection was made for plant characters measured between flowering and maturity was evaluated in populations of rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. napus) grown in a droughted environment. Drought was commenced at flowering in each species and measurements were made on plants at the commencement of the drought stress, during the stress treatment and at crop maturity. Substantial genetic and phenotypic variation was observed in yield as well as the different morphophysiological determinants of yield. In B. campestris no single parameter was found to be a suitable alternative selection criterion to yield since the correlated responses in yield if selection was for another character was lower than if selection was for yield alone. By the use of a selection index however, joint selection for yield, as well as harvest index, 1000 seed weight and seeds per pod, was expected to be 20% more effective than direct selection for yield under drought. In the B. napus population direct selection for flowering time or for harvest index was predicted to result in a genetic advance in yield equal to or greater than that obtained by direct selection for yield, whereas joint selection for flowering time and yield should result in a 16% greater yield increase. Selection for increased yield in these populations grown in droughted conditions is discussed.
21 citations
TL;DR: The response of grain yield, yield components and grain quality of B. campestris and B. napus cultivars to planting date for two seasons at three locations from the north-western slopes to the northern tablelands of New South Wales are reported.
Abstract: The response of grain yield, yield components and grain quality of B. campestris and B. napus cultivars to planting date for two seasons at three locations from the north-western slopes to the northern tablelands of New South Wales are reported. The planting date that gave the highest yield varied between species and locations. The two species differed in the way yield components compensated for each other. For example, in B. campestris, yield variation was related to plant population and individual seed weight; in B. napus, both the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod influenced yield. The oil content was highest in early plantings, decreased in later plantings, and was inversely related to protein content. The oil content was also inversely related to mean daily temperature during the grain-filling period. The northern tablelands was a more favourable region for rapeseed production than the northwestern slopes in terms of both grain yield and oil content. Implications of changes in the primary components of yield which are responsible for yield variations with planting date are discussed in relation to breeding objectives for rapeseed cultivar improvement. ____________________ *Part 11, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 29: 711 (1978).
21 citations
01 Jan 1979
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, extracts of rapeseed meal were reacted with an enzyme active extract of white mustard seed and the liberated acid titrated to give a measure of total glucosinolates.
Abstract: Extracts of rapeseed meal were reacted with an enzyme active extract of white mustard seed and the liberated acid titrated to give a measure of total glucosinolates. The original rapeseed extracts were examined by thin layer chromatography to identify the glucosinolates and estimate the amounts of 2-hydroxybut-3-enylglucosinolate, but-3-enylglucosinolate and pent-4-enylglucosinolate, by comparison with an allylglucosinolate standard.
21 citations
TL;DR: Leaf proline accumulation, leaf chlorophyll stability, and germination at low osmotic potentials have previously been suggested as possible selection criteria for drought resistance in turnip rape and rapeseed and were under significant genetic control and responsive to selection.
Abstract: Leaf proline accumulation, leaf chlorophyll stability, and germination at low osmotic potentials have previously been suggested as possible selection criteria for drought resistance in turnip rape (Brassica campestris) and rapeseed (B. napus) (Richards, 1978a). The feasibility of using these characters in a breeding program is reported. These characters were under significant genetic control and were responsive to selection. Broad sense heritabilities ranged from 40% for proline accumulation in both species to 55% for germination rate in B. campestris and 64% for chlorophyll stability in B. napus, however, narrow sense heritabilities for proline and germination were substantially lower. Their use as selection criteria for yield in a Mediteranean drought would be restricted since in B. campestris these characters were not related to yield while in B. napus only a weak association was observed between yield under drought and proline accumulation.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared five fractionation procedures which incorporated such treatments as milling, air classification, boiling in water, water extraction, and hexane extraction of rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. Tower).
TL;DR: A method is presented whereby seeds and cotyledons of Brassica napus and B. campestris may be selected for low levels of sinapine, based on microextraction, rapid chromatographic separation of Sinapine and visual estimation of its fluorescence, which allows detection of 0.025 μg sinAPine and enables 300-400 seed samples to be screened daily.
Abstract: The association of sinapine with the fishy or crabby odour present in eggs laid by certain brown egg laying hens when fed diets containing rapeseed meal indicates the desirability of removing sinapine from the original rapeseed. A method is presented whereby seeds and cotyledons of Brassica napus and B. campestris may be selected for low levels of sinapine. The method, based on microextraction, rapid chromatographic separation of sinapine and visual estimation of its fluorescence allows detection of 0.025 μg sinapine and enables 300-400 seed samples to be screened daily.
Patent•
12 Jun 1979
TL;DR: A process for the detoxification of rapeseed which involves autolyzing an aqueous mixture of a rapeseed meal in the presence of myrosinase and ascorbic acid to achieve hydrolysis of glucosinolates present in the meal and extracting the toxic products resulting from the hydrolyse of said glucosinsolates using a polar, organic solvent is described in this paper.
Abstract: A process for the detoxification of rapeseed which involves (a) autolyzing an aqueous mixture of rapeseed meal in the presence of myrosinase and ascorbic acid to achieve hydrolysis of glucosinolates present in the meal and (b) extracting the toxic products resulting from the hydrolysis of said glucosinolates using a polar, organic solvent. The detoxified rapeseed protein concentrate obtained according to the invention is a useful ingredient in foodstuffs for both human and animal consumption.
Patent•
23 Aug 1979
TL;DR: A method for manufacturing hard butter which comprises interesterifying an oil-and-fat material of about 20 to 40% by weight of myristic acid triglyceride and about 60 to 80% of a vegetable oil, such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil, or corn oil, was proposed in this article.
Abstract: A method for manufacturing hard butter which comprises interesterifying an oil-and-fat material of about 20 to 40% by weight of myristic acid triglyceride and about 60 to 80% by weight of a vegetable oil, such as rapeseed oil, soybean oil or corn oil, or a hardened vegetable oil obtained by hydrogenating such a vegetable oil. The resultant hard butter has a good palatability and is free of a soapy taste.
TL;DR: In this article, acid and trypsin digests compared favourably with commercial media in supporting the growth of Candida utilis, independent of the inherent problems in utilization of this product, namely, toxicity, palatability and digestibility.
Abstract: Acid digests and enzyme digests (trypsin and pepsin) prepared from rapeseed oil meal were evaluated for use as nitrogenous ingredients in microbiological media. Acid and trypsin digests compared favourably with commercial media in supporting the growth of Candida utilis. The results demonstrate a novel use for rapeseed oil meal, independent of the inherent problems in utilization of this product, namely, toxicity, palatability, and digestibility.
TL;DR: The levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the serum of rats fed low-glucosinolate meals indicated normal function of the thyroid, whereas those in rats fed high-gl glucosinolates meals revealed hypothyroidism of the animals.
Abstract: Defatted meals were prepared from two new varieties of rapeseed, the ‘high-glucosinolate’ variety, Brassica napus, Lesira, and the ‘low-glucosinolate’ variety, Brassica nap
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the principles underlying the modified diffusion extraction procedures used (with and without rapeseed husking) to improve the nutritive value of rapeseed meal.
Abstract: With regard to studies on production process variants designed to improve the nutritive value of rapeseed meal, the authors describe the principles underlying the modified diffusion extraction procedures used (with and without rapeseed husking). Furthermore, they briefly outline the chemical methods applied to the determination of the nutrient composition and glucosinolate content of rapeseed meal variants as well as the methodology of their feeding and nitrogen balance experiments on growing albino rats and broilers. The results obtained with 13 analytical variants and 8 biological variants confirm once more the beneficial nutritive effects obtained with the reduction of the glucosinolate content of rapeseed meal in monogastric animal species. However, these results do not permit to appraise unequivocally the repercussion of rapeseed husking on the diminution of the content of paraplastic substances in rapeseed meal. The diffusion techniques used for reducing the glucosinolate content in rapeseed meal have been found to be effective.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Triglyceride compositions of cottonseed, soybean, sesame, perilla corn and rapeseed oils have been determined by a high performance liquid chromatographic analysis and showed that, and were the major components in these seed oils, except perilla oil.
Abstract: Triglyceride compositions of cottonseed, soybean, sesame, perilla corn and rapeseed oils have been determined by a high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. An optimum condition was obtained by using a ALC/GPC 244 type, from Waters Association, Japan with Bondapak column. A similar distribution pattern of triglycerides was found in cottonseed, soybean, sesame, rapeseed and corn oils. It was noted that , and were the major components in these seed oils, except perilla oil. The results showed that contents triglyceride types in cottonseed, sesame and corn oil were within and triglyceride types in soybean oil were within and triglyceride types in rapeseed oil were within .
TL;DR: Temperature and time of heating and moisture content of rapeseed meal influenced on weight gain, feed efficiency and thyroid size, but not metabolizable energy of diets, and supply of lysine to the diets containing non-autoclaved rapeseed Meal significantly improved growth and feed efficiency.
Abstract: A series of experiments were conducted to investigate heat treatments of rapeseed meal on growth, feed efficiency and thyroid weight of chicks fed diets containing 36% rapeseed meal as only protein source. Temperature in dry heating (hot air) was 100-160°C and heating time was 60 minutes at any temperature. In wet heating (autoclave), temperature was 100-125°C and heating time was 20-90 minutes. Level of moisture in rapeseed meal was prepared 12, 26 and 40%, respectively, prior to autoclaving. High moisture rapeseed meal was prepared by adding water and mixing. Diets containing 36% rapeseed meal which treated with several conditions were fed day-old White Leghorn male chicks for 4 weeks, and growth, feed consumption, feed efficiency and thyroid size of chicks were measured.Dry heating of rapeseed meal at any temperature did not significantly affect on weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, thyroid size of chicks and metabolizable energy of diets. In case of wet heating, however, temperature and time of heating and moisture content of rapeseed meal influenced on weight gain, feed efficiency and thyroid size, but not metabolizable energy. Feeding rapeseed meal autoclaved at 110°C-90' (minutes), 115°C-60', 120°C-30' or 60' and 125°C-30' suppressed markedly thyroid size, but significantly reduced growth. The decrease of growth of chicks fed autoclaved rapeseed meal suppressed by increasing moisture level in rapeseed meal before autoclaving. Dry and wet heating at any condition did not affect metabolizable energy of rapeseed meal. Supplement of lysine to the diets containing non-autoclaved rapeseed meal had shown not to improve the growth and feed efficiency. However, supply of 0.2-0.3% lysine to the diets containing rapeseed meal autoclaved at 120°C-60' or similar conditions, significantly improved growth and feed efficiency, which showed as well as those fed the control diet.
01 Jan 1979
Patent•
19 May 1979
TL;DR: A positive trend in the improvement of oil percentage was observed in 27 out of 30 varieties, some of which showed significant improvements over their respective unselected stocks.
Abstract: Oil content (percentage) was determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic spectrometry to study its variability in rai ( Brassica juncea ) and yellow sarson ( B. campestris ). Wide inter-varietal and intra-varietal variability was observed in both crops. Genetic aspects of oil content were also worked out, and single-plant and bulk selection methods used for 3 years to exploit the intra-varietal variability. A positive trend in the improvement of oil percentage was observed in 27 out of 30 varieties, some of which showed significant improvements over their respective unselected stocks. A maximum increment of 7% was observed in variety BR 40 of rai and 6% in variety YSM of yellow sarson.
TL;DR: At use levels of 15-20% rapeseed meal in corn, soybean type diets for broiler chickens, laying hens or growing-finishing pigs no inorganic selenium need be added to prevent Se deficiency, and the meat and eggs produced would appear to be at desirable levels of Se for human consumption.
Abstract: A series of experiments was conducted in which practical use levels of Tower and Candle rapeseed meals were included in diets for broiler chickens, laying hens and growing-finishing pigs to determine the efficacy of these products in providing selenium to the animals. Organic selenium from rapeseed was better utilized than the inorganic selenium from sodium selenite. At use levels of 15-20% rapeseed meal in corn, soybean type diets for broiler chickens, laying hens or growing-finishing pigs no inorganic selenium need be added to prevent Se deficiency, and the meat and eggs produced would appear to be at desirable levels of Se for human consumption.