Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1983"
TL;DR: With the possible exception of maturity, which was 1 day later than Regent, the agronomic and quality characteristics of these hybrids appeared to be within the ranges acceptable in commercial rapeseed cultivars.
Abstract: The degree of heterosis for seed yield in F1 hybrids of summer rape (Brassica napus L.) was examined in replicated yield trials during 2 yr (1980 and 1981) using intervarietal hybrids produced by manual crossing. The seed yields from the F1 hybrids of crosses between Marnoo and Regent, and Karat and Regent exceeded those of Regent by 38 and 43%, respectively. With the possible exception of maturity, which was 1 day later than Regent, the agronomic and quality characteristics of these hybrids appeared to be within the ranges acceptable in commercial rapeseed cultivars. However, the successful development of hybrid rapeseed cultivars still depends upon the development of a suitable cytoplasmic, genetic or chemical (male gametocide) pollination control system.Key words: Brassica napus L., canola, intervarietal hybrids
110 citations
TL;DR: Seed of Brassica campestris L. has a significantly lower germination percent and germination rate than B. napus, especially at low temperatures, and significant differences among genotypes within species were demonstrated for both characteristics.
Abstract: Seed of Brassica campestris L has a significantly lower germination percent and germination rate than B napus, especially at low temperatures Significant differences among genotypes within species were demonstrated for both characteristicsKey words: Rapeseed, germination, temperature effects
58 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: High and low erucic acid rapeseed oils :production, usage, chemistry, and toxicological evaluation, High and low Erucic Acid rapeseed oil : production, used, science, and Toxicological evaluation.
Abstract: High and low erucic acid rapeseed oils :production, usage, chemistry, and toxicological evaluation , High and low erucic acid rapeseed oils :production, usage, chemistry, and toxicological evaluation , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
54 citations
TL;DR: In 1970, the Canadian Grain Commission instituted a program to monitor the fatty acid composition of rapeseed at the farm level, in railway carlot shipments and in export cargo shipments, in order to process up to 20,000 samples per year, a combined extraction and methylation procedure was developed in which methyl esters were analyzed within 5 min by manual injection on a nonpolar column as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Since 1972, Canadian rapeseed has been changing from high erucic acid types to low erucic acid types. In 1970, the Canadian Grain Commission instituted a program to monitor the fatty acid composition of rapeseed at the farm level, in railway carlot shipments and in export cargo shipments. Initially, in order to process up to 20,000 samples per year, a combined extraction and methylation procedure was developed in which methyl esters were analyzed within 5 min by manual injection on a nonpolar column. Since conversion to low erucic acid rapeseed types has been completed, other details of fatty acid composition have received more attention. In the system presently used, the rapeseed oil methyl esters are analyzed on a mixedphase column which gives good resolution of all of the major fatty acids. Through the use of a microcomputer-controlled autosampler, 50 samples can be analyzed per day. Reports are generated giving complete fatty acid composition as well as estimates of iodine value and saponification value.
50 citations
TL;DR: Canola emergence and stand establishment are adversely affected by low soil temperature conditions which frequently occur in the Canadian prairies at seeding time, and without bringing in new germplasm, rapid progress within the populations surveyed could not be expected.
Abstract: Canola emergence and stand establishment are adversely affected by low soil temperature conditions which frequently occur in the Canadian prairies at seeding time. A technique, based on rapid germination of seeds on moist filter paper at 10 °C, was developed and used to screen canola genotypes suitable for low temperature propagation. Broad sense heritability estimates for rapid germination and growth at low temperatures were about 60% for Brassica napus L., and about 90% for B. campestris L., indicating complex inheritance (possibly polygenic) of these characters. Selection within canola cultivars for rapid germination was successful. However, canola genotypes presently available displayed limited variability for germination and seedling vigor at low temperatures. Thus, without bringing in new germplasm, rapid progress within the populations surveyed could not be expected.Key words: Brassica napus L., Brassica campestris L., low temperature germination selection, heritability
43 citations
01 Jan 1983
36 citations
36 citations
TL;DR: Canola is the registered trademark of the Canola Council of Canada for the seed, oil and meal derived from rapeseed cultivars low in erucic acid and low in glucosinolates as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Canola is the registered trademark of the Canola Council of Canada for the seed, oil and meal derived from rapeseed cultivars low in erucic acid and low in glucosinolates. Conversion to canola cultivars on a commercial scale started in 1976; in 1981, ca. 87% of the brassica-based oil crop in Canada was of canola quality. Canola oil is the most important oil in Canada. Processing of the oil is, in its essentials, conventional. A few problems not usually encountered with other oils are its chlorophyll content which requires extra processing and analytical effort, and certain limitations in crystallization behavior when highly hydrogenated. Advantages are that stable oils can be produced at moderate degree of hydrogenation, and without hydrogenation in the case of salad oil. New developments in processing of the oil have led to the production of acid-degummed, crude oil on a commercial scale. This opens the possibility to apply physical refining to the oil.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of protein source and preparation treatment on functional properties of nine oilseed concentrates and isolates were studied in order to evaluate the effect of protein sources and preparation on functionality.
Abstract: Some functional properties of nine oilseed concentrates and isolates were studied in order to evaluate the effects of protein source and preparation treatment on functionality. Canola (rapeseed), sunflower and soybean products were investigated, each treated during processing by enzyme hydrolysis or linoleic acid addition, or left untreated as controls. Functionality tests of water holding and hydration capacities and protein solubility were used as the bases of comparison. Protein, carbohydrate and moisture contents of the products were also determined. Both trypsin and linoleate treatments significantly affected functional properties of the products, although the treatment effects differed among sources in some cases. In general, trypsin and linoleate treatments resulted in products which exhibited higher solubilities and water hydration capacities than corresponding untreated products.
TL;DR: Up to 20% Canola seed can be used in steam-pelleted diets based on maize and soya bean meal without altering broiler performance, and marked improvements in weight gain and feed gain ratios and fat digestibility are noted.
TL;DR: The sulfur status of rapeseed (Brassica napus and Brassica campestris) plants grown in field studies was assessed using a variety of plant indices; percent sulfur, percent hydriodic acid reducible sulfur (HI-S in plant dry matter), HI-S: total S ratio, and total N:total S ratios as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The sulfur status of rapeseed (Brassica napus and Brassica campestris) plants grown in field studies was assessed using a variety of plant indices; percent sulfur, percent hydriodic acid reducible sulfur (HI-S in plant dry matter), HI-S:total S ratio, and total N:total S ratios. Of these, HI-S:total S determined at the rosette growth stage was the most accurate and consistent index of seed yield. A growth chamber study indicated that the HI-S:total S ratio would not be affected by nitrogen fertilizer application at normal field rates. Key words: Sulfur, deficiency, rapeseed (Brassica spp.), plant analysis
TL;DR: The enzyme was strongly stimulated by ascorbic acid and had the same hydrolytic potential against rapeseed glucosinolates as the myrosinase from white mustard, but the rapeseed enzyme was much less stable during storage and should be inactivated in the intact seeds before processing.
Abstract: It has been shown that the myrosinase activity in rapeseed and in white mustard seeds is similar and does not depend on the variety of rapeseed. The two molecular forms of rapeseed myrosinase with different isoelectric points, Km values towards sinigrin, response to ascorbic acid and stability were isolated. The enzyme was strongly stimulated by ascorbic acid and had the same hydrolytic potential against rapeseed glucosinolates as the myrosinase from white mustard. However, the rapeseed enzyme was much less stable during storage. The fast inactivation of myrosinase in both, flaked and intact seeds was achieved after incubation at 90–100°C and 90–100% relative humidity. In the flaked seeds, however, a substantial amount of the endogenous glucosinolates had already been decomposed before complete inactivation of the enzyme. Thus, it is suggesting that the enzyme should be inactivated in the intact seeds before processing.
TL;DR: In this article, two experiments were conducted with broiler chickens to determine the effect of the desolventization process and the removal of fibrous material on the nutritional value of canola meal (CM).
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, cultural practices and processing requirements of soybean, cottonseed, sunflower, rapeseed, peanut, and sesame oils and byproducts are compared, as well as compositions of major oilmilling fractions, oils and proteins.
Abstract: The major oilseed crops were domesticated primarily as sources of edible oil. However, in all cases, yields of by-products are greater than the oil fraction, and, in reality, all oilseed crops serve dual purposes as sources of oil and of protein for human food, animal feed, and industrial products. Each crop has special requirements for extraction and for processing of oil and meal, and each has limitations as to location and timing of production and as to processibility in oil mills originally designed for other crops. Further, each oilseed has unique cultural, economic and utilization characteristics; for example, rapeseed (Brassica) can be grown in cool climates with short growing seasons. Cottonseed (Gossypium) is a by-product of the more valuable fiber crop, and its availability is dictated by the profitability of growing cotton for the world market. Although peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are used primarily as peanut butter and nuts in the United States, they are almost exclusively pressed for oil in other countries. In this paper, cultural practices and processing requirements of soybean (Glycine max), cottonseed, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), rapeseed, peanut, and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oils and byproducts are compared, as well as compositions of major oilmilling fractions, oils and proteins.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Although the efficiency ratio (PER) of vegetable proteins can be improved by supplementation with the limiting free amino acids, the digestibility of these proteins remains lower than that of animal proteins.
Abstract: Although the efficiency ratio (PER) of vegetable proteins can be improved by supplementation with the limiting free amino acids, the digestibility of these proteins remains lower than that of animal proteins. The digestibility of a rapeseed protein concentrate measured in rats was improved from a value of 81 to 87% by water solubilization and ammonium sulfate precipitation. 2S and 12S fractions were also prepared from a rapeseed protein concentrate by a method based on differences of solubility in ammonium sulfate solutions. Protein digestibility of the rapeseed protein concentrate was found to be 82%, as compared to 87% and 89% for 2S and 12S fractions. A reduction of protein efficiency ratio was also recorded and was found to result from losses in amino acids.
TL;DR: Histological studies were conducted on ventricular myocardium obtained from male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain and tristearin supplementation did not have a significant effect on myocardial lesion incidence but decreased the severity of lesions observed for rapeseed oil treatments.
TL;DR: Breeding of oilseeds focuses on 3 prime objectives: 1) Selection and breeding needed for the introduction of an established oilseed crop to a new area; 2) oil quantity and quality; and 3) meal quantity andquality.
Abstract: Breeding of oilseeds focuses on 3 prime objectives: 1) Selection and breeding needed for the introduction of an established oilseed crop to a new area; 2) oil quantity and quality; and 3) meal quantity and quality. One obvious way of increasing the quantity of both oil and meal is to increase yielding ability of cultivars. Oil content has been increased by reducing the thickness of the ovary wall, where the latter is part of the harvest, and/or the seed coat. Usually, increases in oil content achieved in this way are accompanied by an increase in protein content. Oil quality is measured primarily by fatty acid composition, the ideal fatty acid composition depending on the use of the oil. In rapeseed and mustard species the quality of the oil for edible use has been greatly improved by removing the erucic and eicosenoic acids. In sajflower 2 types of oil are available commercially, one with high levels (75–80%) of linoleic acid and another with high levels (75-80%) of oleic acid, the 2 types having different uses. An added component of oil quality is stability of fatty acid composition over a range of environments. Oilseed meals have been improved by increasing protein content, by changing the amino acid profile of the protein, and by reducing levels of toxic compounds.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-stage extraction with aqueous and pure acetone was used to extract the glucosinolate contents of both untreated and formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meals.
Abstract: Untreated and formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meals were subjected to a two-stage extraction with aqueous and pure acetone. The extraction process significantly reduced the glucosinolate contents of the untreated and formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meals on a proportional basis by approximately 0.85 and 0.75 respectively. The effect of both solvent extraction and formaldehyde-treatment upon the utilisation of the rapeseed meal protein was determined using a rat bioassay. Formaldehyde-treatment did not affect either the true digestibility or biological value of the rapeseed meal protein. However, solvent extraction whilst not affecting true digestibility increased the biological value of both untreated and formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meals significantly by nearly 20%.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It was concluded that some genotypes exhibit a greater responsiveness to rapeseed meal diets than others and that juvenile and adult diets using a combination of different sources of dietary protein supported equal or better performance compared with the same dietary protein source used throughout both periods.
Abstract: A factorial experiment was conducted, with a total of 3168 birds from four commercial meat parent genotypes, to study the cumulative effects of feeding soybean meal (SM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) as protein sources in both juvenile and adult breeder diets. Averaged over all genotypes, general performance was equivalent for all combinations of SM and RSM in the juvenile and adult diets although there was some evidence of second order interactions involving genotypes with juvenile and adult dietary combinations. These interactions affected egg production and related traits such as feed efficiency. It was concluded that some genotypes exhibit a greater responsiveness to rapeseed meal diets than others and that juvenile and adult diets using a combination of different sources of dietary protein supported equal or better performance compared with the same dietary protein source used throughout both periods. Key words: Meat breeders, rapeseed meal, canola, poultry, diets
TL;DR: No differences in flavor or off-flavors were associated with level of CM in diet of 14-week-old broiler turkeys fed each level of Candle canola meal.