Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1985"

Effect of frost damage on the quality of canola(B. napus)

Abstract: Samples of frost-damaged rapeseed from the 1982 Western Canadian Crop were tested for oil content, protein content, fat acidity, chlorophyll content, fatty acid composition, glucosinolate content, conductivity and germination. These quality factors were related to two frost-related damage factors, green seeds and external “frost-damage,” used in the Canadian grain grading system. The green seed factor was positively correlated with chlorophyll, free fatty acids and conductivity, and a negative correlation was found with linolenic acid, iodine value and germination. The frost-damage factor was positively correlated with conductivity, free fatty acids and palmitic acid and negatively correlated with linolenic acid, iodine value, oil content and germination. The effects of frost damage were explained by assuming that the seed maturation process was halted due to freezing.

Effect of seeding date, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of rapeseed in northwest alberta

Abstract: The effects of seeding data and nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer on the agronomic characteristics of two rapeseed species (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.) were studied for a 6-yr period at two northwest Alberta locations. Seeding dates were established at weekly intervals from early May to mid-June. Two fertility levels were established; a control treatment in which no fertilizer was applied and a fertilizer treatment in which nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to meet the requirements of a 1680 kg∙ha−1 crop. Maximum yields were obtained most frequently with seeding periods of mid- to late May for B. campestris and mid-May for B. napus. Seeding date had little effect on plant density or seed quality. Nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer reduced plant densities but increased seed yield where nutrient deficiencies occurred.Key words: Brassica campestris L., B. napus L., seeding date, yield, quality

Comparison and estimation of glucosinolate levels in Australian rapeseed cultivars

Abstract: Seven cultivars of rapeseed grown at four sites in New South Wales were evaluated for glucosinolate content. Two samples of each cultivar were further subjected to gas chromatographic analysis to determine the proportions of individual glucosinolate components and 'canola' acceptability. Glucosinolate concentrations varied between cultivars and sites and a significant site x cultivar interaction was found. Some cultivars regarded as being of the 'canola' type did not satisfy the requirement that concentration of the major glucosinolates in seed be less than 30 µmol/g at all sites. The glucose test which was used to measure total concentration of glucosinolates was in good agreement with the gas chromatographic technique which measures the concentrations of individual glucosinolates.

The effect of supplementation of grass silage with rapeseed meal or Gasol-treated barley on the performance of growing cattle

Abstract: Grass silage was offered ad libitum to 16 Ayrshire cattle in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment lasting 196 days. The silage was supplemented with barley preserved with 0.85 % of propionic acid (PAB) or 1.28 % Gasol solution (GB) 45 g DM/kg W 0 75 . Four of the animals in PAB and GB groups received no protein supplement (NPS) and four of the animals in both groups received extracted rapeseed meal as protein supplement(RSM). RSM was fed according to UDP (undegradable feed protein) requirements. The average age of the animals at the beginning of the experiment was 86 days and the average liveweight 106 kg. The average daily gains were 1066 and 1070 g/d for PAB and GB groups and 1012 and 1124 g/d (P < 0.01) for NPS and RSM groups. In feed intake and feed conversion there were no significant differences between the groups. Supplementation of silage barley diet with RSM increased the digestibility of organic matter from 71.1 to 73.5 % (P < 0.05), of crude protein from 62.8 to 67.4 % (P < 0.05) and of crude fibre from 57.2 to 60.2 % (P < 0.05). Both barleys were well preserved and there was no deterioration during the storage. The degradation rates of DM, crude protein and starch determined by nylon bag method were lower in GB than in PAB. Crude protein disappearances in 9 hours were 46.6 % for GB and 76.4 % for PAB. The utilization of absorbed protein calculated by factorial method averaged 0.566 ± 0.01 in the four different groups. Plasma urea N level was higher (P < 0.05) in the RSM than in the NPS group. The proportion of acetic acid in the rumen VFA was lower (P < 0.05) and that of propionic acid higher (P < 0.01) in the RSM than in the NPS group. PAB resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of propionic acid in rumen VFA than did GB,

Production of food oil having balanced fatty acid content

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled food oil having balanced properties in nutrient, taste and stability, by mixing an embryo oils with three or more kinds of seed oils containing polyvalent unsaturated fatty acids at specific ratios. CONSTITUTION:The objective food oil is produced by mixing (A) 20-70% embryo oil, preferably 15-65% corn oil or 5-30% rice oil with (B) three or more kinds of 30-80% seed oils, preferably 10-50% soybean oil, 10-50% cottonseed oil, 10-50% rapeseed oil, 1-5% sunflower oil, 1-5% safflower oil, 1-5% olive oil, or 1-30% sesame oil.

Food preferences, survival, and development of four stored-product pests (Coleoptera) on rapeseed and canola (Brassica spp.)

Abstract: En vue d'evaluer si le canola risque plus que le colza d'etre infeste par des insectes, on a etudie en laboratoire, sur des semences de 10 cultivars de colza et de canola, les preferences alimentaires, la survie et le developpement de 4 grands insectes ravageurs des denrees entreposees

Influence of high soil temperature, ammonium ion, and rapeseed residue on trifluralin phytotoxicity to wheat

Abstract: The combination of high soil temperature (36 °C) with trifluralin caused spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) seedlings to have shortened coleoptiles that failed to emerge above the soil surface. This resulted in damaged primary leaves due to abrasion in the soil layers. Evidence is presented that rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ’Regent’) residues have phytotoxic effects on wheat seedlings. High soil ammonium ion concentrations did not affect trifluralin phytotoxicity. All results indicated that the potentially damaging effects of high soil temperature and rapeseed residue are independent of, but additive to, those of trifluralin.Key words: Temperature, ammonium ion, rapeseed, trifluralin, wheat

Digestibility and feeding value of frost-damaged canola seed (low glucosinolate rapeseed) for growing pigs

Abstract: Digestibility trials with 57-kg pigs were conducted on blended canola seed (B. napus 'Regent') containing 20, 45 and 65% frost-damage fed in conjunction with a barley, wheat, soybean meal basal diet, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. The seed was fed whole, ground, pelleted and ammoniated. The seed contained, per kilogram, 18–20% crude protein, 22–35% ether extract, and 21.7–24.5 MJ gross energy. Glucosinolate concentrations were 15–33 μmole/g, oil-free basis. Grinding improved energy digestibility of the seed per se from an average of 34.4 to 62.8% and protein digestibility from 17.0 to 65.3%. Pelleting improved energy digestibility of whole seed from 31.6 to 65.5% and grinding before pelleting gave 69.2%. Pelleting, in addition to grinding, did not further improve protein digestibility over grinding alone. Ammoniation improved the digestibility of energy in ground seed from 61.2 to 66.9% and in ground pelleted seed from 69.2 to 72.4%. Ammoniation increased protein digestibility in ground seed fro...

Identification of starch in frost‐damaged brassica napus (canola) seeds

Abstract: Frost-damaged rapeseed, or canola seed, shows a range of symptoms including the presence of white patches on the surface. When a portion of a white patch was teased back, a large number of globular particles were seen within the epidermal cells of the seed. When the globules were treated with cz-amylase they were partially digested and when viewed with polarized light displayed a Maltese cross pattern indicative of an ordered molecular structure like that of starch. This indicates that the white color on frost-damaged rapeseed was associated with an accumulation of starch granules. Epidermal cells of dark surface areas on frost-damaged seeds also contained starchlike granules, but relatively few compared to cells in white patches. GRAIN INSPECTORS in Canada use the presence of white patches on the seed surface of canola and rapeseed in conjunction with shriveling as indicators of frost damage. A preliminary paper (Mills, Van Caeseele and Daun, 1984) has indicated that the globular particles present in these white patches are starchlike in nature but no attempt was made to confirm the observation. This study was undertaken to identify the agent causing the white color on frostdamaged seed surfaces.

The Effect of Two Kinds of Rapeseed Meal and of Thyroxine upon Milk Quality

Abstract: Swedish high glucosinolate rapeseed meal as the sole protein supplement gave—in comparison with Canadian Canola rapeseed meal, or soybean meal—an inferior yield of fat-corrected milk, 0.65 kg less FCM than the Canadian meal and 0.57 kg less than the soybean meal in a 10-week experiment in dairy cows. Thyroxine supplementation gave increased milk yield (kg) and FCM from all animals, and also a less rancid“off”flavour and reduced milk lipolysis.

Feed additive for laying hen

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a feed additive for laying hen, having balanced nutrients and high calorific value, and suitable for feeding in winter season, by compounding an oil or fat, a vegetable protein and methionine at specific ratios CONSTITUTION:The objective feed additive having a metabolic energy of >=4,000kcal/kg can be prepared by compounding (A) 8-16pts(wt) of an oil or fat (preferably vegetable oil or fat such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, etc) with (B) 12-20pts of a vegetable protein (preferably soybean protein), (C) 2-5pts of methionine and (D) a proper amount of a feed additive (eg yolk-colorant, vitamins, minerals, etc) The oil or fat and the vegetable protein may be the raw materials such as soybean flour, whole-fat rapeseed, etc 100pts of feed for laying hen is compounded with about >=2pts (preferably 3-5pts) of the above additive