Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 1986"
TL;DR: In the first of a series of studies on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal, rats were fed diets containing six individual glucosinolates over a period of 29 days and thyroid weights were significantly affected only by the progoitrin diet, which also produced small increases in the weights of the livers and kidneys.
Abstract: In the first of a series of studies on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal, rats were fed diets containing six individual glucosinolates over a period of 29 days. The diets included progoitrin and gluconapin both of which are major components of high glucosinolate rapeseed cultivars. No reduction of feed intake or growth rate was noted and thyroid weights were significantly affected only by the progoitrin diet, which also produced small increases in the weights of the livers and kidneys. There was no depression of plasma thyroid hormone levels.
59 citations
32 citations
TL;DR: Rapeseed has been introduced recently in Southern Ontario and, although the spring-planted crop is canola quality, the winter crop, which makes up 20% of the production, is still high in glucosinolates.
Abstract: Since the introduction of low glucosinolate rapeseed into Canadian production in 1975, the average level of glucosinolates has declined from about 80 µmol/g to 25 µmol/g in the 1985 Canadian new crop. Since 1983, more than 90% of the rapeseed planted in Western Canada has been of canola quality (less than 30 µmol/g glucosinolates). The Northern Alberta/British Columbia growing area is the only area in Western Canada which produced noncanola quality seed in 1984. Export shipments of rapeseed from Western Canada have not contained more than 30 µmol/g glucosinolates since December 1983, and at the end of the 1984/85 shipping year most shipments contained about 20 µmol/g glucosinolates. Western Canadian crushing plants have preferentially selected and crushed canola quality seed since 1979. This preferential selection may have slowed the reduction of glucosinolates in export seed. Crushers have produced canola quality meal from seed containing as much as 50 µmol/g glucosinolates, since between 40 and 60% of the glucosinolates present in the seed were removed during processing. Rapeseed has been introduced recently in Southern Ontario. Although the spring-planted crop is canola quality, the winter crop, which makes up 20% of the production, is still high in glucosinolates.
26 citations
TL;DR: Genotypes of Brassica napus and B. campestris were assessed for time to first flower in photoperiods from 12 to 20 h and all genotypes reacted as quantitative long day plants.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the production of sterigmatocystin by isolates of Aspergillis versicolor from western Canadian stored barley and rapeseed/canola.
Abstract: (1986). Production of sterigmatocystin by isolates of Aspergillis versicolor from western Canadian stored barley and rapeseed/canola. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 151-153.
17 citations
TL;DR: Canadian exports of canola seed and oil are shown to meet the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) standard of 2% erucic acid, and areas whereB.
Abstract: Canadian exports of canola seed and oil are shown to meet the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) standard of 2% erucic acid. Canadian seed exports averaged less than 2% erucic acid since 1980 and individual cargoes, with one exception, contained less than 2% erucic acid since 1982. Most Western Canadian crushing plants have produced oil with less than 2% erucic acid since 1981, and all since 1984. Areas whereB. campestris varieties of canola predominate may still have difficulty in meeting a 2% erucic acid standard without screening incoming seed. Further reductions in the erucic acid level ofB. campestris canola varieties are desired.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dry extrusion of mixtures of high-glucosinolate rapeseed (cv. Jet Neuf) with barley, sunflower meal and rapeseed meal and a mixture of lowglucosa-solvate rapeseed with Canola and Sunflower meal upon dry matter intake, utilisation of protein, liveweight gain and anti-thyroid activity in rats, measured in terms of plasma thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine, were studied in comparison with equivalent milled mixtures.
Abstract: The effects of dry extrusion of mixtures of high-glucosinolate rapeseed (cv. Jet Neuf) with barley, sunflower meal and rapeseed meal and a mixture of low-glucosinolate rapeseed (Canola) and sunflower meal upon dry matter intake, utilisation of protein, liveweight gain and anti-thyroid activity in rats, measured in terms of plasma thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine, were studied in comparison with equivalent milled mixtures. Extrusion of the Jet Neuf mixtures increased dry matter intake, liveweight gain and biological value of the protein but only for the Jet Neuf/barley and Jet Neuf/sunflower mixtures did extrusion reduce the anti-thyroid activity. Extrusion of the Canola mixture had no effect on the biological value or anti-thyroid activity; in both respects it was superior to the Jet Neuf mixt–res.
12 citations
01 Jan 1986
11 citations
01 Jan 1986
10 citations
TL;DR: The effect of time of sowing on the oil and meal quality of rapeseed was investigated at Werribee, Victoria, during 198 1 and 1982 and oil content declined with later sowing but the proportion of erucic acid in the oil was unaffected by sowing time.
Abstract: Summary. The effect of time of sowing on the oil and In contrast, later sowing increased the glucosinolate meal quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. cv. content of the seed meal, with July-September sowings Marnoo) was investigated at Werribee, Victoria, during exceeding the Canola standard. This increase was due 198 1 and 1982. In both years oil content declined with primarily to the increased content of 2-hydroxybut-3later sowing but the proportion of erucic acid in the oil enyl glucosinolate (progoitrin). was unaffected by sowing time.
9 citations
TL;DR: A winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L).
Abstract: Since rainfall generally exceeds 500 mm during the winter months and soil erosion is a problem in the southern U.S.A., a cover crop is essential to reduce soil losses. Continuous cultivation of a crop on the same land also provides the opportunity for pest problems to develop. A winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)-grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench.) double-cropping system was investigated in the field from 1981 to 1984. Conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) systems were used for both crops. Gullivar rape was planted in October and harvested in June. Winter rapeseed yields averaged 2.87 t ha−1 on CT plots in 1982. Averaged over 1983 and 1984, rape yields were 1.66 and 0.73 t ha−1 on CT and NT plots, respectively. However, the seeding method biased the rapeseed performance. Problems were encountered with winter weed control and pod shattering in the winter rape plots. Two sorghum hybrids, R. C. Young Oro Txtra and Funks G-550, were planted in June and harvested in October. Grain yields were no...
TL;DR: RSM is higher in crude fibre and, in general, of lower digestible energy value than soya-bean meal, so it was thought possible that the beneficial effect of pelleting could be greater in RSM than in SBM diets.
Abstract: Many pigs are given their diets in cubed or pelleted form and the process of pelleting has been shown to increase nutritive value. The reasons for increases in nutritive value following pelleting of a diet are uncertain but reductions in crude fibre and improved apparent digestibility of gross energy and dry matter (D.M.) may be involved (Lawrence, 1971, 1976, 1979). As rapeseed meal (RSM) is higher in crude fibre and, in general, of lower digestible energy value than soya-bean meal (SBM), it was thought possible that the beneficial effect of pelleting could be greater in RSM than in SBM diets.
TL;DR: It is found that canola and rapeseed harvested after over-wintering in Northern Alberta had a weathered appearance due to changes in the epidermis and received lower grades than the unweathered fall- harvested seed, and spring-harvested seed had more oil and protein, but also had higher free fatty acid content and conduc-tivity and lower viability.
Abstract: Samples of canola and rapeseed harvested after over-wintering in Northern Alberta were compared to samples of fall-harvested seed from the same area. Spring-harvested seed had a weathered appearance due to changes in the epidermis and received lower grades than the unweathered fall- harvested seed. Spring-harvested seed had more oil and protein than fall-harvested seed, but also had higher free fatty acid content and conduc-tivity and lower viability. Spring-harvested seed did not store as well as fall-harvested seed, having larger increases in free fatty acids, conductivity and storage fungi and larger decreases in viability when stored hermetically at 10% or 12.5% moisture.
TL;DR: Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme and F. semitectum isolated from Brassica campestris var.
Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme and F. semitectum isolated from Brassica campestris var. dichotoma seeds were grown on autoclaved seeds and after several weeks of incubation the oil was analysed. All the three Fusarium species reduced oil content and altered its colour. The infested oil emitted mouldy odour and the refractive index increased. The free fatty acid content increased progressively. The saponification value increased but the iodine value decreased.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for detecting and estimating the quantity of adulterant linseed oil in rapeseed oil, samples of these oils collected from different sources were analysed, among other things, for fatty acid, sterol and tocopherol composition content.
Abstract: To develop a method for detecting and estimating the quantity of adulterant linseed oil in rapeseed oil, samples of these oils collected from different sources were analysed, among other things, for fatty acid, sterol and tocopherol composition content. Each oil sample was mixed with the other in the following proportions : 100 : 0; 95 : 5; 90 : 10; 85 : 15; 80 : 20; 75 : 25; and 0 : 100. All mixtures thus obtained were analyzed in the same manner as that for individual content oils. The saponification and iodine values and refractive indices of the mixtures were also measured.In the adulterated rapeseed oil samples, the stearic and linolenic acid content increased with that of linseed oil. Also, GLC analyses of sterol constituents of the linseed oil showed characteristic retention time (RT) which were also clearly observed for the oil mixtures.These observations indicate that the proportions of adulterant linseed oil when mixed 5 to 10% with rapeseed oil can quite likely be detected. The analysis of tocopherol did not appear to facili-tate detection of linseed oil in any of the mixtures but the values of iodine, and butyro refracto-meter readings helped to indicate if linseed oil was present or not.
TL;DR: At intermediate or low density, results indicate no significant heterogeneity for behaviour of both homozygotes and heterozygotes, with some lower correlations at very low densities, but at high density hybrid vigour is significantly higher than at low or intermediate density.
Abstract: Plot yields and both environmental correlations and variances of various morphological and yield characters were compared at different plant densities of lines and F1 hybrids in rapeseed over a two-year period. These variances and correlations were measured on single plant basis and are independent of the genotype: they may partly reflect physiological relations between characters.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared some protocols based on standard methods for the determination of oil in rapeseed by solvent extraction and found that test portions of whole seed give unacceptably poor repeatability in results and ground samples should be used for analysis.
Abstract: Some protocols based on standard methods for the determination of oil in rapeseed by solvent extraction are compared. Test portions of whole seed give unacceptably poor repeatability in results and ground samples should be used for analysis. Moisture content of rapeseed can equally well be determined on ground as on whole seed. The standard methods require modification to take account of these findings.
Patent•
28 Jul 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a method to remove thioglucosinolate from rapeseed cake, without causing the lowering of nutrient value by the decomposition of effective lysine, etc., by inoculating the cake with fungi belonging to Aspergillus genus, and fermenting the cake.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To remove thioglucosinolate from rapeseed cake, without causing the lowering of nutrient value by the decomposition of effective lysine, etc., by inoculating rapeseed cake with fungi belonging to Aspergillus genus, and fermenting the cake. CONSTITUTION:Rapeseed cake left after the extraction of oil from rapeseed is controlled to a water-content of 25-40wt%, optionally sterilized by heating at 105 deg.C for about 15min, added with wheat bran, inoculated with spores of fungi belonging to Aspergillus genus (e.g. yellow Aspergillus such as Aspergillus sydowi) (10 spores per 1g of rapeseed cake), and fermented at 15-40 deg.C for 2-10 days.
TL;DR: No information is available for rapeseed and mustard cultivars on how different components of the pod, such as its weight, seed weight, number of seeds and seed oil percentage, change according to their position on the terminal raceme, which may be useful in deciding the appropriate number of pods on a raceme for optimum yield.
Abstract: Rapeseed and mustard cultivars aro morphologically determinate but the growth of the raceme, which is a corymbose type, is indeterminate. On the raceme flower opening proceeds acropetally in a sequential manner with one or two flowers opening each day. Thus there is a considerable time lag between first and last flower opening within the same raceme. In these oil-seed crops, besides leaves both pod wall and stems are photosynthetically active and the share of assimilates contributed by these three organs to the growing seeds has been estimated to be 37, 32 and 31%, respectively (Brar & Thies, 1977). A rapid decline in leaf area during pod filling in rapeseed and mustard (Chauhan & Bhargava, 1984) and rape (Allen & Morgan, 1972) cultivars has been observed. The assimilate supply to the pods developing at different periods may, therefore, differ owing to a decline in the leaf source as well as increasing intornal competition between pods. In winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus), both mutual competition for assimilates and shading resulting from excessive pod production have been reported to cause heavy seed and pod losses (Mendham, Shipway & Scott, 1981). No information is available for rapeseed and mustard cultivars on how different components of the pod, such as its weight, seed weight, number of seeds and seed oil percentage, change according to their position on the terminal raceme. This information may be useful in deciding the appropriate number of pods on a raceme for optimum yield.