Showing papers on "Rapeseed published in 2000"
TL;DR: It is concluded that pod length is a suitable trait for indirect selection in plant breeding because it is correlated with pod length, which determines seed yield.
600 citations
TL;DR: Overall, there has been a shift in the balance between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids over the past 30 y, reflected in the declining concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and rising concentrations of linoleic acid in breast milk.
301 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of particle size on the yields of the products was investigated and the results showed the potential of rapeseed as an important source of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
Abstract: Brassica napus L. pyrolysis experiments were performed in a Heinze reactor under static atmosphere at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C at 40°C/min of heating rate. The effect of particle size on the yields of the products was investigated. The particle size of rapeseed was varied in the range of 0.224–1.8 mm. Pyrolysis oil and char yields from rapeseed were found to be largely independent of particle size in the experimental conditions. Oil yield shows a maximum of ca 46 wt% with a particle size range of 0.85–1.8 mm. The various characteristics of pyrolysis oil obtained under these conditions were identified on the basis of standard test methods. The empirical formula of pyrolysis oil with a heating value of 38.4 MJ/kg was established as CH 1.67 O 0.12 N 0.046 . The results from the pyrolysis of rapeseed showed the potential of rapeseed as an important source of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Rapeseed oil was also evaluated for fatty acid composition.
209 citations
TL;DR: The antioxidant activity of crude tannins of canola and rapeseed hulls was evaluated by β-carotene-linoleate, α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and reducing power assays.
Abstract: The antioxidant activity of crude tannins of canola and rapeseed hulls was evaluated by β-carotene-linoleate, α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and reducing power assays. Crude tannins were extracted from three samples of Cyclone canola (high-tannin) hulls and Kolner, Ligaret, and Leo Polish rapeseed (low-tannin) hulls with 70% (vol/vol) acetone. The total phenolic content in crude tannin extracts ranged between 128 and 296 mg of sinapic acid equivalents per 1 g of extract. The ultraviolet spectra of methanolic solution of canola extracts showed two absorption maxima (282 and 309 nm), whereas those of rapeseed extracts exhibited a single maximum (326 nm). Crude tannins isolated from canola hulls exerted significantly (P<0.025) greater antioxidant activity than those from rapeseed in all three assays. The scavenging effect of all crude tannins, at a dose of 1 mg, on the DPPH radical ranged from 35.2 to 50.5%. The reducing power of Cyclone canola hull extracts on potassium ferricyanide was significantly (P≤0.0025) greater than that of rapeseed hull extracts, and the observed data correlated well (r=0.966; P=0.002) with the total content of phenolics present.
197 citations
TL;DR: The contents of soluble, SDS-extractable, and insoluble condensed tannins were determined in canola/rapeseed hulls from several varieties by utilizing the proanthocyanidin assay.
Abstract: The contents of soluble, SDS-extractable, and insoluble condensed tannins were determined in canola/rapeseed hulls from several varieties by utilizing the proanthocyanidin assay. The total amount of tannins in rapeseed/canola hulls ranged from 1913 to 6213 mg per 100 g of oil-free hulls. Insoluble tannins predominated in canola/rapeseed hulls and comprised from 70 to 95.8% of total tannins present. The amounts of SDS-extractable tannins were comparable to those of soluble tannins but constituted only 4.7−14.1% of insoluble tannins present. Keywords: Insoluble condensed tannins; hulls; proanthocyanidin assay; canola; rapeseed
86 citations
TL;DR: From a comparison of seed, leaf and root fatty acid composition it was concluded that fad2, the endoplasmic oleic acid desaturase, is affected by the mutation.
Abstract: Two winter oilseed rape mutant lines, 7488 and 19661, with a high oleic (HO) acid content in the seed oil were characterized phenotypically. In both mutant lines the HO trait was monogenically inherited. Segregation analysis in an F2 population derived from a cross between 7488 and 19661 showed the two mutations to be allelic. From a comparison of seed, leaf and root fatty acid composition it was concluded that fad2, the endoplasmic oleic acid desaturase, is affected by the mutation. In a bulked segregant analysis three AFLP markers linked to this mutation were detected and localized on the genetic map of Brassica napus. The markers mapped near the locus of one copy of the fad2 gene in the rapeseed genome.
72 citations
TL;DR: Based on these results, canola plants (not including seeds) used for field phytoremediation of Se may be harvested and safely fed to lambs and cows to help meet normal Se intake requirements.
71 citations
TL;DR: The fatty acid composition of the oil changed substantially during seed development, and S application in three portions increased the oleic acid content, and decreased the erucic acid (22:1) content over other treatments, which leads to a reduced 22:1:18:1 ratio and thus, improves the quality of oil.
58 citations
TL;DR: In an attempt to increase the amounts of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), and erucic acid in particular, in Canadian HEA B. napus cultivars, this work examined both the role/function of the Arabidopsis thaliana FAE1 (fatty acid elongase) gene and the performance of the yeast SLC1-1 (sphingolipid compensation mutant) using a transgenic approach.
Abstract: High-erucic acid (HEA) Brassica napus cultivars are regaining interest in industrial contexts. Erucic acid and its derivatives are important renewable raw materials utilized in the manufacture of plastic films, in the synthesis of Nylon 13,13, and in the lubricant and emollient industries. Theoretically, the highest level of erucic acid that can be achieved by means of classical breeding is 66 mol%; however, using new approaches on the basis of genetic engineering, it might be possible to develop a B. napus cultivar containing levels of erucic acid significantly above 66 mol% (> 80 mol%). In an attempt to increase the amounts of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), and erucic acid in particular, in Canadian HEA B. napus cultivars, we have focused on two targets using a transgenic approach. We examined both the role/function of the Arabidopsis thaliana FAE1 (fatty acid elongase) gene by expressing it under the control of the seed-specific napin promoter in B. napus germplasm with analysis of the changes in VLCFA content in the seed oil of transgenic lines, and the performance of the yeast SLC1-1 (sphingolipid compensation mutant) in B. napus cv. Hero transgenic progeny in the field. Here, we report analyses of the contents of 22:1, total VLCFA and oil in the seed oil, as well as seed yield of the field-grown FAE1 and SLC1-1 B. napus cv. Hero progeny.
57 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a 4-week rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diet was compared with a wash-in diet rich in saturated fatty acids with respect to intermediate-time effects on the hemostatic system and platelet function.
52 citations
TL;DR: The GLC analysis revealed that the rapeseed-mustard varieties being commonly grown in India are characterized by high erucic acid content in the oil with low levels of oleic acid, however, from among the recently developed low-erucic-acid strains, several lines were identified with comparatively high oleIC acid (60-70%), moderate to high linoleic acid (13-40%) and low linolenic acid (< 10%) contents.
Abstract: Rapeseed-mustard is one of the most economically important oilseed crops in India. Speciality oils having high amounts of a specific fatty acid are of immense importance for both nutritional and industrial purposes. Oil high in oleic acid has demand in commercial food-service applications due to a long shelf-life and cholesterol-reducing properties. Both linoleic and linolenic acids are essential fatty acids; however, less than 3% linolenic acid is preferred for oil stability. High erucic acid content is beneficial for the polymer industry, whereas low erucic acid is recommended for food purposes. Therefore, it is important to undertake systematic characterization of the available gene pool for its variable fatty acid profile to be utilized for specific purposes. In the present study the Indian rapeseed-mustard germplasm and some newly developed low-erucic-acid strains were analysed by GLC to study the fatty acid composition in these lines. The GLC analysis revealed that the rapeseed-mustard varieties being commonly grown in India are characterized by high erucic acid content (30–51%) in the oil with low levels of oleic acid (13–23%). However, from among the recently developed low-erucic-acid strains, several lines were identified with comparatively high oleic acid (60–70%), moderate to high linoleic acid (13–40%) and low linolenic acid (
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TL;DR: In this article, fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments at different temperatures and heating rates have been conducted on a rapeseed sample to investigate the effect of particle size and sweep gas velocity on the product yields.
Abstract: Fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments at different temperatures and heating rates have been conducted on a rapeseed sample to investigate the effect of particle size and sweep gas velocity on the product yields. The various characteristics of pyrolytic oil acquired under these conditions were identified. The maximum oil yield of 53% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, a heating rate of 7°C/min, and nitrogen flow rate of 100 cm 3 /min with a particle size range of 0.85-1.8 mm. The chemical characterization has shown that the oil obtained from rapeseed was quite similar to the crude oil and shale oil.
TL;DR: The results indicate that plant material from either napus or rapa species could be used in breeding for increasing erucic acid content, and indicate that a large overall market potential exists for development of annually renewable domestic sources of erucing acid.
TL;DR: The increased plasma lipids and the changes in the densities of platelets and neutrophils appear not to be critical in WKY rats, however, these would tend to promote peripheral vascular lesions in the strains, such as spontaneously hypertensive rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensible rats, which are prone to present atheroscrelotic vascular injury.
TL;DR: The canola oil-induced shortening of blood coagulation time and increased fragility in erythrocyte membranes may have relevance to the promotion of strokes in SHRSP.
TL;DR: Low glucosinolate rapeseed meal was separated on sieves of 150, 270 and 450 pm diameter into 3 fractions defined as flour, bran and hulls and the digestibility of nutrients and apparent metabolisable energy was evaluated in two balance experiments conducted on 154 broiler chicken aged 4 weeks.
Abstract: Low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RM) was separated on sieves of 150, 270 and 450 pm diameter into 3 fractions defined as flour, bran and hulls. The fractions and rape seed oil were mixed in different proportions in order to obtain 25 model rapeseed meals differing in crude fibre 8.8, 10.3, 11.8, 13.2 and 14.7% D M and in crude fat 4.3, 6.3, 8.2, 10.2 and 12.1% D M (two-factorial design). The digestibility of nutrients and apparent metabolisable energy (AME N ) of RM, fractionated material and model RMs was evaluated in two balance experiments conducted on 154 broiler chicken aged 4 weeks. After removal of bran and hulls, the protein content as well as A M E N value of the remaining fraction increased by 16 and 10%, respectively, in comparison with RM. Crude fibre content negatively and crude fat content positively affected A M E N value of model RMs (P<0.01) according to the equation: AME N (MJ/kg DM) 10.78 0.30 (% crude fibre) + 0.20 (% crude fat).
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a paper on Plasticulture Development Center, National Agricultural Research Project, Ganeshkund, Pune 7, India. Received 12 June 1997; accepted 15 December 1999.
Abstract: IAgricultural and Bioresource Engineering, University ofSaskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A9; 2Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5AB; JDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University ofCalgary, Calgary, AB, Canada 12N 1N4; and Plasticulture Development Center, National Agricultural Research Project, Ganeshkund, Pune 7, India. Received 12 June 1997; accepted 15 December 1999.
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Patent•
09 Jun 2000
TL;DR: In this article, a process for the production of edible oil from rapeseed or other oilseeds is described, in which the rapeseed (AA) is separated into three fractions of different particle sizes, namely in stocking (AD), in cleaned rapeseed(AE) and in grain (AF).
Abstract: In a process for the production of edible oil from rapeseed or other oilseeds, the rapeseed (AA) is separated into three fractions of different particle sizes, namely in stocking (AD), in cleaned rapeseed (AE) and in grain (AF) then cleaned and classified rapeseed (AE) is dried, then the dried rapeseed (AG) is broken, then the broken rapeseed is separated into three fractions of different particle sizes, namely in opening (AJ), in useful breakage (AM) and in fine breakage (AN ), the crop (AM) is broken down into peeled rape (AO) and shells (AP), the peeled rape (AO) is then moistened and then flaked, the flocked peeled rape (PC) is then cold pressed in a press (10), and is finally formed by cleaning the press oil (PD) emerging from the press (10) from turbid substances (solids) and cooking oil (PF).
Patent•
02 May 2000TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the production of a fraction containing a rapeseed germ as a main component, comprising crushing a rapedeed and separating said fraction, was presented, and the purpose of the present invention is to efficiently separate and utilize the rapeseed kernel.
Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to efficiently separate and utilize the rapeseed germ. The present invention relates to a method for the production of a fraction containing a rapeseed germ as a main component, comprising crushing a rapeseed and separating said fraction. One of the specific products derived from rapeseed germ is the oil and fat prepared by extraction or expression of the rapeseed germ.
TL;DR: Two experiments were conducted to determine the feeding value of canola screenings in combination with barley grain for beef steers and the effects of dietary treatment on ruminal fermentation parameters were determined.
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the feeding value of canola screenings in combination with barley grain for beef steers. Four dietary treatments were used. These included canola screeni...
TL;DR: The true metabolisable energy (TME) of canola oilcake and full-fat canola seed was determined for ostriches to broaden the knowledge ofCanola as a potential protein and energy source for Ostriches.
Abstract: 1. The true metabolisable energy (TME) of canola oilcake and full-fat canola seed was determined for ostriches to broaden our knowledge of canola as a potential protein and energy source for ostriches. 2. Both test materials were diluted with a basal diet, fed to ostriches and TME-values estimated by multiple regression analysis. 3. The TME values for canola oilcake meal and full-fat canola seed for ostriches were respectively 13.76 MJ kg‐1 and 22.5 MJ kg‐1. 4. The TME values obtained for these 2 important protein sources will assist in the more accurate formulation of diets for ostriches.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the technique of in vitro culture of pollinated ovaries and flower receptacle segments is useful in the wide-cross breeding of rapeseed.
Abstract: Oil radish (Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides Makino) is resistant to drought and low temperature. In order to breed more resistant cultivars of rapeseed, the wide cross between rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and oil radish was made. Rapeseed was not compatible with oil radish, and the frequency of hybrid plants (F1) was very low. Moreover, the hybrid plants were sterile. In order to recover the intergeneric hybrids (F1), the in vitro organ culture technique was applied in our experiments. The frequency of hybrid plants (F1) was increased up to 25.55% by means of in vitro culture of pollinated ovaries. Some fertile amphidiploid hybrid plants were obtained by means of colchicine treatment of small buds obtained from cultured flower receptacle segments of hybrid plants (F1). It is suggested that the technique of in vitro culture of pollinated ovaries and flower receptacle segments is useful in the wide-cross breeding of rapeseed.
TL;DR: A novel screening test is described for the discrimination of transgenic phosphinothricin tolerant oilseed rape from non transgenic rape seedlings, which allows on one hand large screening programmes to monitor the foreign gene in the environment and on the other quality control of seedlots before market introduction of herbicide tolerant oil seed rape.
Abstract: A novel screening test is described for the discrimination of transgenic phosphinothricin tolerant oilseed rape from non transgenic rape seedlings The method is based on the germination of rape seeds on filter paper soaked with a 0005% phosphinothricin solution Under these conditions inhibition of seedling development by the herbicide can be observed after 10 days The germination test gains an advantage over the routinely used herbicide spraying, because it is rapid, needs little space and allows efficient screening of huge numbers of seeds The assay has been successfully applied to the screening of different transgenic and non transgenic rapeseed varieties/lines and has been compared to other methods such asBasta® spray test, drop test, ELISA-technique and PCR-amplification of the pat gene This test allows on one hand large screening programmes to monitor the foreign gene in the environment and on the other quality control of seedlots before market introduction of herbicide tolerant oilseed rape
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the influence of cropping systems on transgene escape from rapeseed crops to rapeseed volunteers in time and space, using a model consisting of an annual life-cycle for volunteer and cropped rapeseed plants simulated for each plot and year.
Abstract: The aim of the model is to evaluate the influence of cropping systems on transgene escape from rapeseed crops to rapeseed volunteers in time and space. The model input variables are the regional field pattern, crop succession and cultivation techniques. The main output variables are, for each year and plot, the number of individuals per m 2 and the genotype proportions of the adult rapeseed plants, the newly produced seeds and the seedbank. The model comprises an annual life-cycle for volunteer and cropped rapeseed plants simulated for each plot and year) the relationships between the various life-stages depend on crop type and management. Pollen and grain exchanges between plots depend on distance between plots and cropping system. With the help of the simulations performed with the model, it is possible to identify low-gene-flow cropping systems or the minimum distance between rape plots to avoid contamination of the harvest product, to estimate the consequences if one farmer does not manage his rape volunteers correctly, etc.
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