Rapeseed

About: Rapeseed is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2945 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51790 citations. The topic is also known as: Brassica napus & rape.

A nutritional comparison of various rapeseed and mustard seed solvent-extracted meals of different glucosinolate composition

Abstract: Seven solvent-processed meals from Brassica napus, B. campestris and B. juncea seed, were compared with soybean meal in a replicated factorial experiment involving three levels of meal (5, 10 and 20%), with and without a flavoring mixture, with and without dietary myrosinase, in a feeding trial with male weanling mice. The addition of 0.3% myrosinase improved the digestibility of both protein and energy fractions, but resulted in growth depression in diets containing meals high, in glucosinolates and fed at 10 or 20% levels. Removal of feed intake differences by regression methods revealed that non-hydrolyzed glucosinolates in diets containing 10% Brassica meals had little effect on growth rate, except for one B. napus meal high in 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate. Diets containing glucosinolates giving rise to allyl- and butenyl isothiocyanates, as well as oxazolidinethione, inhibit growth; therefore, total glucosinolate content should be considered in assessing the nutritional value of Brassica meals.

Comparison of analytical and sensory lipid oxidation parameters in conventional and high-oleic rapeseed oil

Abstract: Headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography was used to identify in total 55 volatile lipid oxidation compounds in thermally stressed conventional and high-oleic rapeseed oil samples. Out of this profile, 17 volatile compounds with low odor threshold values were selected as target compounds for the assessment of lipid oxidation in rapeseed and high-oleic rapeseed oils. Additionally, other lipid oxidation parameters such as fatty acid composition, peroxide value, anisidine value, and induction time (Rancimat analysis) were determined. Multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis in combination with agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis) were applied to identify sensitive volatile lipid oxidation indicators enabling the differentiation of rapeseed oil samples of different varieties (high-oleic versus conventional). Moreover, these statistical methods were capable of differentiating rapeseed oils of different oxidative properties. Octanal and 3-octanone showed the highest ability to differentiate between samples of different rapeseed varieties, whereas propanal, E,E-2,4-hexadienal, and E-2-heptenal were most suitable in differentiating rapeseed oil samples with different oxidative properties from each other. Clustering of rapeseed oil samples according to their volatile compound composition was comparable with results of sensory duo-trio and paired comparison tests, but the analytical approach of the volatile compound analysis in combination with chemometric methods detected changes sooner in relation to the flavor composition of rapeseed oils and high-oleic rapeseed oil samples. Practical applications: The combination of volatile compound analysis by HS-SPME-GC with multivariate statistical methods and complementary sensory duo-trio and one-sided paired comparison tests are sensitive tools in differentiating conventional and high-oleic rapeseed oil samples with different lipid oxidation properties. The presented methods are suitable techniques for the detection of initial changes of lipid oxidation progress in edible oils.

Tobacco Rotated with Rapeseed for Soil-Borne Phytophthora Pathogen Biocontrol: Mediated by Rapeseed Root Exudates.

Abstract: Black shank, caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a widespread and destructive disease of tobacco. Crop rotation is essential in controlling black shank. Here, we confirmed that rotating black shank-infested fields with rapeseed (Brassica napus) suppressed the incidence this disease. Further study demonstrated that rapeseed roots have a strong ability to attract zoospores and subsequently stop the swimming of zoospores into cystospores. Then, rapeseed roots secrete a series of antimicrobial compounds, including 2-butenoic acid, benzothiazole, 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole, 1-(4-ethlphenyl)-ethanone, and 4-methoxyindole, to inhibit the cystospore germination and mycelial growth of P. nicotianae. Thus, rapeseed rotated with tobacco suppresses tobacco black shank disease through the chemical weapons secreted by rapeseed roots.

Unexpected diversity of feral genetically modified oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) despite a cultivation and import ban in Switzerland.

Abstract: Despite cultivation and seed import bans of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), feral GM plants were found growing along railway lines and in port areas at four sites in Switzerland in 2011 and 2012. All GM plants were identified as glyphosate-resistant GM event GT73 (Roundup Ready, Monsanto). The most affected sites were the Rhine port of Basel and the St. Johann freight railway station in Basel. To assess the distribution and intra- and interspecific outcrossing of GM oilseed rape in more detail, we monitored these two sites in 2013. Leaves and seed pods of feral oilseed rape plants, their possible hybridization partners and putative hybrid plants were sampled in monthly intervals and analysed for the presence of transgenes by real-time PCR. Using flow cytometry, we measured DNA contents of cell nuclei to confirm putative hybrids. In total, 2787 plants were sampled. The presence of GT73 oilseed rape could be confirmed at all previously documented sampling locations and was additionally detected at one new sampling location within the Rhine port. Furthermore, we found the glufosinate-resistant GM events MS8xRF3, MS8 and RF3 (all traded as InVigor, Bayer) at five sampling locations in the Rhine port. To our knowledge, this is the first time that feral MS8xRF3, MS8 or RF3 plants were detected in Europe. Real-time PCR analyses of seeds showed outcrossing of GT73 into two non-GM oilseed rape plants, but no outcrossing of transgenes into related wild species was observed. We found no hybrids between oilseed rape and related species. GM plants most frequently occurred at unloading sites for ships, indicating that ship cargo traffic is the main entry pathway for GM oilseed rape. In the future, it will be of major interest to determine the source of GM oilseed rape seeds.