Rapeseed

About: Rapeseed is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2945 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51790 citations. The topic is also known as: Brassica napus & rape.

Oilseed cultivars developed from induced mutations and mutations affecting fatty acid composition

Abstract: One hundred and sixty-three cultivars of annual oilseed crops, developedusing induced mutations, have been officially approved and released forcultivation in 26 countries. The maximum number of cultivars have beenreleased in soybean (58), followed by groundnut (44), sesame (16), linseed(15), rapeseed (14), Indian mustard (8), castorbean (4), white mustard(3) and sunflower (1). The majority (118 of 163) of the cultivars havebeen developed as direct mutants and 45 of 163 by using the inducedmutants in a crossing programme. While in soybean 53 out of 58 cultivarswere selected as direct mutants, in groundnut 22 from 44 were developedafter hybridization. Eighty-three cultivars were developed directly byexposing seeds to gamma or X-rays. Attempts have been made to inferthe successful dose range, defined as the range which led to thedevelopment, registration and release of the maximum number of mutantcultivars for gamma and X-rays. The successful dose ranges in Gy forthe main oilseed crops are: soybean 100-200, groundnut 150-250, rapeseed600-800, Indian mustard 700 and sesame 100-200. The maincharacteristics of the new cultivars, besides higher yield, are altered planttype, early flowering and maturity and oil content. Mutants altering fattyacid composition have been isolated in soybean, rapeseed, sunflower,linseed and minor oil crops. New cultivars having altered fatty acidcomposition have been released in rapeseed, sunflower and linseed. Thelatter, previously grown for non-edible oil, has been converted to a newedible oil crop.

Digestible and metabolizable energy values for rapeseed meals and for soybean meal fed to growing pigs.

Abstract: Twelve samples of rapeseed meal (RM) and one sample of soybean meal (50% protein) (SM) were evaluated for digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), nitrogen-corrected ME (MEn) and digestible nitrogen (DN). RM samples were of Brassica campestris and B. napus origin and contained meals processed by solvent, prepress-solvent or expeller processes. Two of the meals were from rapeseeds not in commercial production, one a Bronowski (low glucosinolate) napus meal and one a meal from zero-erucic acid rapeseed of napus type. Energy studies were conducted with 64 pigs at 16, 33 and 65 kg liveweight, adding 25% by weight of the test ingredient to the total diet. The overall means and standard errors for all weight groups for gross energy (GE), DE, ME and MEn, in kcal/g of dry matter, for 10 RM (excluding Bronowski and zero-erucic acid RM) were 4.74 ± 0.12, 3.21 ± 0.18, 2.89 ± 0.19 and 2.64 ± 0.19, respectively, while the values obtained for SM were 4.81 ± 0.08, 4.21 ± 0.16, 3.92 ± 0.17 and 3.64 ± 0.16. Ther...

Meal Nutrient Composition

Abstract: Publisher Summary Canadian canola meal is made from a blend of Brassica napus, B. rapa, and B. juncea seed by prepress solvent extraction. Most (>95%) of the seed produced in Canada is B. napus. Canola meal nutrient composition may be influenced by environmental conditions during the growing of the crop, by harvest conditions, and to a minor extent by cultivar and processing of the seed and meal. Canola meal has a good amino acid profile for animal feeding. Like many vegetable-protein sources, canola meal is limiting in lysine but it is noted for having high levels of methionine and cystine. Amino acid content varies with protein content and can be calculated by multiplying the crude protein content of the meal by the proportion of individual amino acids as a percentage of protein. The oil content of Canadian canola meal tends to be relatively high at 3.5% compared with 1–2% oil content in canola meals produced in most other countries. The carbohydrate matrix of canola meal is quite complex. The levels of starch, free sugars, and soluble non-starch polysaccharides in canola meal total approximately 15%, which should result in a significant contribution to digestible energy.

Grain conditioning for dehulling of canola

Abstract: IAgricultural and Bioresource Engineering, University ofSaskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A9; 2Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5AB; JDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University ofCalgary, Calgary, AB, Canada 12N 1N4; and Plasticulture Development Center, National Agricultural Research Project, Ganeshkund, Pune 7, India. Received 12 June 1997; accepted 15 December 1999.

Fatty acid composition of blood lipids in Chinese children consuming high erucic acid rapeseed oil.

Abstract: The fatty acid patterns of oils, blood plasma and erythrocyte lipids from 28 children in the Shaanxi province of the People's Republic of China were determined by capillary gas liquid chromatography. The main source of fat in this region is rapeseed oil. The analysis of locally available rapeseed oil shows a high erucic acid content (mean 43.83%, range 33.91-50.48%). According to protocol data, about 3% of the daily nutrient energy is provided by erucic acid. Despite a low fat intake in Chinese children, the composition of the fatty acids of the fractions analyzed showed normal patterns. However, erucic acid was found in all fractions analyzed. Data on erucic acid in human tissue are scarce. Although there are no indications of erucic acid toxicity in man, it is known to cause cardiac lipidosis and necrosis in rats. The question remains open if erucic acid aggravates selenium deficiency symptoms which are known to be associated with Keshan disease, an endemic cardiomyopathy.