Rapeseed

About: Rapeseed is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2945 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51790 citations. The topic is also known as: Brassica napus & rape.

Variabilty of oil and protein content in rapeseed cultivars affected by seeding date

Abstract: R E G U L A R A R T I C L E *Corresponding author: Igor Balalić, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Oil Crops Department, Novi Sad, Serbia. E-mail: igor.balalic@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs Received: 30 January 2017; Revised: 21 April 2017; Accepted: 30 April 2017; Published Online: 13 May 2017 Balalic, et al.: Oil and protein content in rapeseed Emir. J. Food Agric ● Vol 29 ● Issue 6 ● 2017 405 field free of weeds. These characteristics make rapeseed a preferred component of crop rotation (MarjanovićJeromela et al., 2006). The length of the vegetation period is affected by planting date, and then it has an impact on yield and yield components. Since seeding date has an influence on the physiological characteristics of the plant, it is important to determine proper seeding date in order to have optimum coordination between the plant growth and climatic conditions (Khajat et al., 2014). The delay in sowing leads to a decrease in the period from planting time to flowering and maturity. With optimal seeding date, the degree of development can be regulated in which the plants will best overwinter. Considering that in Southeast Europe the information on the impact of seeding date on quality characteristics in rapeseed is scarce, the objective of this investigation was to assess the variability of oil and protein content in winter rapeseed cultivars during two cropping seasons affected by seeding date. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant materials and experimental conditions The field trial was carried out to study the response of oil and protein content of four rapeseed cultivars, two originating from Serbia (Banaćanka, Slavica), and two from Germany (Express, Valesca), to six seeding dates (SD1-21 August, SD2-31 August, SD3-10 September, SD4-21 September, SD5-1 October, SD6-9 October). The two-year trial was carried out from 2009 to 2011 at Rimski šančevi (45°19 ́51 ́ ́N; 19°50 ́59 ́ ́E; 84 m altitude), on the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia. Sowing was done on 6 m2 plots for each cultivar and seeding date in four replications on August 25, 2009, and on August 26, 2010. The distance between rows was 25 cm and within rows 5 cm. Harvest date was on June 30, 2009, and on June 23, 2010. Rapeseed plants were harvested at the time of the second technical maturity level (Harper and Berkenkamp 1975). In both investigated seasons optimal agricultural practices were carried out. Climatic data on precipitations and temperatures were taken from the Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Serbia (http://www.hidmet.sr.gov.rs). Chemical analyses Magnetic resonance analyzer (Newport 4000 NMR analyzer), using the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) method by Granlund and Zimmerman (1975), was applied for the determination of oil content. It was expressed as a percentage of seed. The content of total protein was determined using standard Kjeldahl (1883) procedure after harvest. The analyses were carried out in the chemical laboratory of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Oil Crops Department, Novi Sad, Serbia. Statistical analyses Randomized complete block design with four replications was applied. Collected data were analyzed using threeway analysis of variance, and correlation analysis in the STATISTICA 12.0 package computer program (StatSoft). LSD test at 5% and 1% level of probability was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Oil content Oil content, except seed yield, is one of the very important criteria in creating rapeseed cultivars (Marinković et al., 2003; Si and Walton, 2004; Marjanović-Jeromela et al., 2007). High seed yield together with high oil content will result in high oil yield (Pospišil et al., 2014). Oil content and oil quality depend on the genetic potential of the cultivar, respectively by its expression in specific agro-ecological conditions. Highly significant differences were stated for all main sources of variation (year, cultivar, seeding date) for oil content. Only year × seeding date interaction was highly significant. Oil content in rapeseed was mostly under the influence of the cultivar (50.7%). Year of growing amounted to 34.4% of the variability of oil content and seeding date to 4.2% (Table 1). Our results have a close similarity with the reports of Fanaei et al. (2007). These authors also stated that year was the main source of variation for oil content and equal significant contribution gave cultivar and seeding date. On the basis of 19 hybrids and cultivars, Pospišil et al. (2008) concluded that in rapeseed oil content, seed yield and oil yield were significantly caused by genotype and by the conditions of production (year, site). Ma et al. (2016) amounted that oil content in rapeseed was significantly Table 1: ANOVA for oil content in rapeseed cultivars (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) Source of variation df SS (%) MS P Replication 3 1.1 3.50 0.162 Year (Y) 1 34.4 162.70 0.000** Cultivar (C) 3 50.7 161.00 0.000** Seeding date (SD) 5 4.2 7.80 0.002** Y×C 3 1.2 3.90 0.124 Y×SD 5 3.9 7.30 0.004** C×SD 15 3.3 2.10 0.409 Y.× C×SD 15 1.2 0.70 0.984

Forage canola (Brassica napus): spring-sown winter canola for biennial dual-purpose use in the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia

Abstract: European winter canola (Brassica napus L.) varieties adapted to the long, cool seasons in high-rainfall areas of southern Australia have recently been adopted as autumn-sown, grain-only and dual-purpose crops. A spring-sown winter canola could be used as a biennial dual-purpose crop, to provide additional forage for summer and autumn grazing before recovery to produce an oilseed crop. We report a series of field experiments demonstrating that European winter canola types have suitable phenological characteristics to allow for their use as biennial, spring-sown crops, providing significant forage (2.5–4 t ha–1) for grazing while remaining vegetative through summer and autumn, and recovering following vernalisation in winter to produce high seed yield (2.5–5.0 t ha–1). Sowing too early (September) in colder inland areas risked exposure of the crop to vernalising temperatures, causing the crop to bolt to flower in summer, whereas all crops sown from mid-October remained vegetative through summer. Crop stands thinned by 20–30% during summer, and this was exacerbated by grazing, but surviving stands of ~30 plants m–2 were sufficient to support high yields. Grazing had no effect on grain yield at one site, but reduced yield by 0.5 t ha–1 at a second site, although this was more than offset by the value of the grazed forage. The spring-sowing approach has potential to replace the existing forage rape–spring cereal sequence, or to add a further option to the existing autumn-sown winter canola in areas such as southern Victoria, where early autumn establishment can be problematic and spring-sown crops can better withstand pests and winter waterlogging, which limit yield of autumn-sown crops. Because these are the first known studies in Australia to investigate the use of spring-sown winter canola, further work is warranted to refine further the crop and grazing strategies to maximise productivity and profitability from this option.