Rapeseed

About: Rapeseed is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2945 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51790 citations. The topic is also known as: Brassica napus & rape.

Counteracting the negative effects of rapeseed and rapeseed press cake in pig diets

Abstract: Rapeseed and rapeseed press cake were tested in four long-term experiments with a total of ninety-eight pigs. Rapeseed contained 20 and rapeseed press cake 19 mmol glucosinolates/kg DM. The proportion of the tested rapeseed products in feed amounted to 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 g/kg diet. Moist-heat-treated rapeseed and rapeseed press cake with an extremely low glucosinolate content were also given at 150 g/kg diet. Each dietary rapeseed product level was given with 125 or 250 microgram supplementary I/kg diet. Reduced feed intake and growth retardation were found in groups receiving 150 g rapeseed products/kg diet; in the case of rapeseed the impairments were significant. Rapeseed products > or = 100g/kg diet increased the thyroid weight and decreased the serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Higher I dosage brought the serum T4 concentration to the level of the control group and retarded thyroid enlargement. Intake of rapeseed products lowered the I content of the thyroid; however, there was no significant difference between groups given 0.9 mmol glucosinolates/kg diet and those receiving three times as much. Degrading glucosinolates by moisture and heat prevented feed intake depression and growth retardation. In the case of treated rapeseed the decreased serum T4 concentration and increased thyroid weight persisted, indicating formation of some antithyroid compounds due to myrosinase (EC 3.2.3.1) activation. A maximal glucosinolate content of 2 mmol/kg diet and additional I application are a prerequisite for using rapeseed products in pig feeding.

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Abstract: Biodiesel refers to all kinds of alternative fuels derived from vegetable oils or animal fats The prefix bio refers to renewable and biological nature, in contrast to the traditional diesel derived from petroleum; while the diesel fuel refers to its use on diesel engines Biodiesel is produced from the triglycerides conversion in the oils such as those obtained from palm oil, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower and castor oil, in methyl or ethyl esters by transesterification way In this process the three chains of fatty acids of each triglyceride molecule reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to obtain ethyl or methyl esters The ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials Standard) describes the biodiesel as esters monoalkyl of fatty acids of long chain that are produced from vegetable oil, animal fat or waste cooking oils in a chemical reaction known as transesterification Biodiesel has the same properties of diesel used as fuel for cars, trucks, etc This may be mixed in any proportion with the diesel from the oil refined It is not necessary to make any modifications to the engines in order to use this fuel "The use of pure biodiesel can be designated as B100 or blended with fuel diesel, designated as BXX, where XX represents the percentage of biodiesel in the blend The most common ratio is B20 which represents a 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel”(Arbelaez & Rivera, 2007 pp 4) Colombia in South America, is taking advantage of the opportunities that biofuels will open to the agriculture With more than a million liters a day, Colombia is the second largest producer of ethanol in Latin America, after Brazil This has decongested the domestic market of sugar at more than 500 thousand tons The result is strong revenue for the 300,000 people who derive their livelihood from the production of panela (from sugar cane) In Colombia the biodiesel is produced from the palm oil and methanol, "being the last imported to meet the demand in the biodiesel production" In the past two years, the biodiesel production from Palm was between 300000 liters/day to 965000 liters per day, distributed in four plants located in the Atlantic coast and in the country center In the biodiesel production is technically possible to use methanol and ethanol alcohol (Cujia & Bula, 2010 pp 106) The palm oil is one of oilseeds trade more productive on the planet; it is removed between six and ten times more oil than the other as soy, rapeseed and sunflower Colombia has more than 300,000 hectares planted in Palm oil, generating permanent and stable employment for more than 90,000 people

Carbohydrate and phenolic constituents in a comprehensive range of rapeseed and canola fractions: nutritional significance for animals.

Abstract: Cotyledons from 11 varieties of rapeseed and canola seed were extracted with hexane and analysed for tannins, α-amylase inhibition value, starch and available carbohydrate by conventional methods. The sinapine content (total sinapic acid esters plus free sinapic acid) was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Samples of soya bean cotyledons, high-tannin sorghum grain and commercial rapeseed and canola meals were also analysed for comparison. Sinapine in rapeseed and canola cotyledons was measured at mean levels of 2.67 and 2.85% respectively. Tannins were detected in these cotyledons but only at low levels. The α-amylase inhibition values were also low or negative. Starch was detected in negligible amounts, and available carbohydrate at 13–14%. The predicted metabolisable energy (ME) value of commercial rapeseed or canola meal for poultry was found to be numerically close to the determined value when the available carbohydrate value was reduced to 35% of the observed value.

Variations in fatty acid composition, glucosinolate profile and some phytochemical contents in selected oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

Abstract: Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) is now the third most important source of edible oil in the world after soybean and palm oil. In this study seeds of five different rapeseed cultivars namely; pactol, silvo, topas, serw 4 and serw 6 were evaluated for their fatty acid composition, glucosinolate profile, amino acids, total tocopherols and phenolic content. Among all cultivars significant variability in fatty acids were observed. The oleic acid (C18:1) ranged from 56.31% to 58.67%, linoleic acid (C18:2) from 10.52% to 13.74%, α-linolenic acid (C18:3) from 8.83% to 10.32% and erucic acid (22:1) from 0.15% to 0.91%. The glucosinolate profile of rapeseed was also separated and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Small variations in the glucosinolate profile were observed among all tested cultivars; however, progoitrin and gluconapin were the major glucosinolate found. Additionally, silvo cultivar showed the highest total glucosinolate c ontents (5.97 μmol/g dw). Generally, the contents of aspartic, glutamic, arginine and leucine were high, while the contents of tyrosine and isoleucine were low among all cultivars. For total tocopherols, the results indicated that both serw 6 and pactol cultivars had the highest total tocopherol contents (138.3 and 102.8 mg/100 g oil, respectively). Total phenolic contents varied from 28.0 to 35.4 mg/g dw. The highest total phenolic content was found in topas while the lowest value was detected in serw 6. These parameters; fatty acid contents, glucosinolate profile and amino acids together with total tocopherols and phenolic contents, could be taken into consideration by oilseed rape breeders as selection criteria for developing genotypes with modified seed quality traits in Brassica napus L.