Topic
Rapeseed
About: Rapeseed is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2945 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51790 citations. The topic is also known as: Brassica napus & rape.
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TL;DR: The advantages of a wet-heat treatment in processing rapeseed are discussed and the new wet- heat method of processing to inactivate myrosinase also results in the production of an improved quality of oil.
Abstract: The thioglucosides (which are precursors of toxic principles) and the fibrous hulls of rapeseed are the two major factors which limit the utilization of rapeseed meal as a protein supplement in human foods. In commercial practice the enzyme responsible for the liberation of toxic principles from thioglucosides is destroyed by a dry-heat treatment, but no attempt is made to remove the thioglucosides or the fibrous matter from the meal. The new wet-heat method of processing to inactivate myrosinase also results in the production of an improved quality of oil. In this paper the advantages of a wet-heat treatment in processing rapeseed are discussed.
40 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that number of seeds per square metre dominated production of high yields, while single seed weight was not correlated with yield, and over the years, seed yields were produced with very different combinations of seed numbers and weights, differing markedly between the two crops.
40 citations
TL;DR: A plant-specific carbon isotope fractionation occurs during the biosynthesis of the fatty acids and particularly during desaturation of C(18) acids in rape and flax and might be useful in tracing dietary lipids differing in their origin.
Abstract: Rapeseed (Brassica napus) oils differing in cultivar, sites of growth, and harvest year were characterized by fatty acid concentrations and carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen stable isotope analyses of bulk oils (δ13Cbulk, δ2Hbulk, δ18Obulk values) and individual fatty acids (δ13CFA). The δ13Cbulk, δ2Hbulk, and δ18Obulk values were determined by continuous flow combustion and high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer−isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS, TC-EA/IRMS). The δ13CFA values were determined using gas chromatography−-combustion−isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). For comparison, other C3 vegetable oils rich in linolenic acid (flax and false flax oils) and rich in linoleic acid (poppy, sunflower, and safflower oils) were submitted to the same chemical and isotopic analyses. The bulk and molecular δ13C values were typical for C3 plants. The δ13C value of palmitic acid (δ13C16:0) and n-3 α-linolenic acid (δ13C18:3n-3) differed (p < 0.001) between rape, flax, and poppy oils. Also within s...
40 citations
TL;DR: This joint QTL, candidate gene, and association mapping study sheds light on the genetic basis of seed tocopherol biosynthesis in rapeseed through quantitative trait loci detection, genome-wide association analysis, and homologous gene mapping.
Abstract: Background Tocopherols are important antioxidants in vegetable oils; when present as vitamin E, tocopherols are an essential nutrient for humans and livestock. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L, AACC, 2 n = 38) is one of the most important oil crops and a major source of tocopherols. Although the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway has been well elucidated in the model photosynthetic organisms Arabidopsis thaliana and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, knowledge about the genetic basis of tocopherol biosynthesis in seeds of rapeseed is scant. This project was carried out to dissect the genetic basis of seed tocopherol content and composition in rapeseed through quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection, genome-wide association analysis, and homologous gene mapping. Methodology/principal findings We used a segregating Tapidor × Ningyou7 doubled haploid (TNDH) population, its reconstructed F(2) (RC-F(2)) population, and a panel of 142 rapeseed accessions (association panel). Genetic effects mainly contributed to phenotypic variations in tocopherol content and composition; environmental effects were also identified. Thirty-three unique QTL were detected for tocopherol content and composition in TNDH and RC-F(2) populations. Of these, seven QTL co-localized with candidate sequences associated with tocopherol biosynthesis through in silico and linkage mapping. Several near-isogenic lines carrying introgressions from the parent with higher tocopherol content showed highly increased tocopherol content compared with the recurrent parent. Genome-wide association analysis was performed with 142 B. napus accessions. Sixty-one loci were significantly associated with tocopherol content and composition, 11 of which were localized within the confidence intervals of tocopherol QTL. Conclusions/significance This joint QTL, candidate gene, and association mapping study sheds light on the genetic basis of seed tocopherol biosynthesis in rapeseed. The sequences presented here may be used for marker-assisted selection of oilseed rape lines with superior tocopherol content and composition.
40 citations
04 Sep 2020
TL;DR: Zn-lys plays a protective role in reducing the Cr toxicity of B. napus through an increase in plant growth and lowering of Cr uptake in various plant organs, however, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of Zn–lys mediated reduction of Cr and possibly other heavy metal toxicity in plants.
Abstract: Contamination of soil and water with metals and metalloids is one of the most serious problems worldwide due to a lack of a healthy diet and food scarcity. Moreover, the cultivation of oilseed crops such as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with tannery wastewater could contain a large amount of toxic heavy metals [e.g., chromium (Cr)], which ultimately reduce its yield and directly influence oilseed quality. To overcome Cr toxicity in B. napus, a pot experiment was conducted to enhance plant growth and biomass by using newly introduced role of micronutrient-amino chelates [Zinc-lysine (Zn-lys)], which was irrigated with different levels [0% (control), 33%, 66%, and 100%] of tannery wastewater. According to the results of present findings, very high content of Cr in the wastewater directly affected plant growth and composition as well as gas exchange parameters, while boosting up the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced oxidative damage in the roots and leaves of B. napus. However, activities of antioxidants initially increased (33% of wastewater), but further addition of tannery wastewater in the soil caused a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, which also manifested by Zn content, while the conscious addition of wastewater significantly increased Cr content in the roots and shoots of B. napus. To reduce Cr toxicity in B. napus plants, exogenous supplementation of Zn-lys (10 mg/L) plays an effective role in increasing morpho-physiological attributes of B. napus and also reduces the oxidative stress in the roots and leaves of the oilseed crop (B. napus). Enhancement in different growth attributes was directly linked with increased in antioxidative enzymes while decreased uptake and accumulation of Cr content in B. napus when cultivated in wastewater with the application of Zn-lys. Zn-lys, therefore, plays a protective role in reducing the Cr toxicity of B. napus through an increase in plant growth and lowering of Cr uptake in various plant organs. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of Zn–lys mediated reduction of Cr and possibly other heavy metal toxicity in plants.
40 citations