Rapeseed

About: Rapeseed is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2945 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51790 citations. The topic is also known as: Brassica napus & rape.

Development of a population for substantial new type Brassica napus diversified at both A/C genomes

Abstract: Intersubgenomic heterosis in rapeseed has been revealed in previous studies by using traditional Brassica napus (AnAnCnCn) to cross partial new type B. napus with Ar/Cc introgression from the genomes of B. rapa and B. carinata, respectively. To further enlarge the genetic basis of B. napus and to facilitate a sustained heterosis breeding in rapeseed, it is crucial to create a population for substantial new type B. napus diversified at both A/C genomes. In this experiment, hundreds of artificial hexaploid plants (ArArBcBcCcCc) involving hundreds of B. carinata/B. rapa combinations were first crossed with elite lines of partial new type B. napus. The pentaploid plants (AABCC) were open-pollinated in isolated conditions, and their offspring were successively self-pollinated and intensively selected for two generations. Thereafter, a population of substantial new type B. napus mainly with a genomic composition of ArArCcCc harbouring genetic diversity from 25 original cultivars of B. rapa and 72 accessions of B. carinata was constructed. The population was cytologically verified to have the correct chromosome constitution of AACC and differed genetically from traditional B. napus, in terms of the genome components of Ar/Cc and Bc as well as the novel genetic variations induced by the interspecific hybridisation process. Synchronously, rich phenotypic variation with plenty of novel valuable traits was observed in the population. The origin of the novel variations and the value of the population are discussed.

Effects of processing on the functional properties of canola/rapeseed protein

Abstract: Canola rapeseed is a major oilseed in Canada, Europe and Japan. Recently, Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) status was granted to low erucic acid rapeseed oil for use in the U.S. market. Commercial oil extraction of the seed results in a meal that contains 44% protein and which has been subjected to considerable heat. The meal is presently utilized as livestock feed supplement. A number of processes for the preparation of protein concentrates and isolates from canola/rapeseeds and meal have been proposed, although none have proven commercially viable. In addition to protein concentration, a successful process must reduce the levels of glucosinolates, phenolics, phytates and fiber. These antinutrients present a barrier to the use of canola/rapeseed protein materials in foods. Processes to produce protein concentrates have included water extraction of undesirable compounds from heat denatured, dehulled seed followed by solvent extraction for oil recovery and the isopropanol washing of dehulled, defatted flours. Isolates have been prepared by traditional alkaline extraction, and by acid or water extractions followed by isoelectric, heat or polyelectrolyte precipitation of the protein. Isolates have been chemically and enzymatically modified to improve fooduse properties. In this paper, the effects of various processing methods on the functional properties of solubility, color and flavor of canola protein products are reviewed.

Nitrogen and sulphur fertilization effect on leaching losses, nutrient balance and plant quality in a wheat–rapeseed rotation under a humid Mediterranean climate

Abstract: An unbalanced S and/or N fertilization may have low N and S use efficiency together with substantial negative implications for yield, nutrient losses and plant quality parameters. The effect of N and S fertilization and their interactions on N–S balances, on N–S losses and on some plant quality parameters were investigated in a field experiment with a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–wheat rotation (2005–2008). The study was conducted under humid Mediterranean climatic conditions on a potentially S deficient soil. The effects of N (0, 140, 180, 220 kg N ha−1 in wheat; 0, 100, 140, 180, 220 N ha−1 in rapeseed) combined with S fertilizer rates (0, 16 and 32 kg S ha−1 in wheat and 0, 30, 60 kg S ha−1 in rapeseed) were studied. Nitrogen fertilization increased yield by 55 % in wheat and 60 % in rapeseed, N concentration in grain and straw and S concentration in the grain of wheat. However, it led to a reduction in the S concentration of straw and the oil content of the rapeseed seed. The S application did not increase yield but had a positive effect on S concentration in the wheat straw. Glucosinolate concentration, a potentially toxic secondary metabolite in rapeseed, was not influenced by N or S applications. Nitrate leaching tended to increase with N application while sulphate leaching decreased. A net N and S mineralization was observed in each growing season, except for the first year in which a net S immobilization was observed. To make N fertilizer recommendations, the N mineralization from the previous crop residues should be taken into account. For S fertilizer recommendations, N supply is the most important item both from a qualitative point of view (N/S ratio in wheat grain) and an environmental point of view (S leaching).

Aqueous Enzymatic Processing of Rapeseed for Production of High Quality Products

Abstract: Production and optimal utilization of rapeseed are of great economical importance for many countries (Larsen and Sorensen 1985). Rapeseed contains oil (40–46%) and protein (20–30%) of high quality, but also glucosinolates. Glucosinolates can be critical for both oil and protein quality, especially if too high concentrations of these compounds or especially their degradation products are present in the oil and protein products (Bjerg et al. 1987a; Sorensen 1988). Novel processing methods of rapeseed have therefore attracted considerable attention.

Production and Trade of Major World Oil Crops

Abstract: Oilseeds are an important group of crop plants whose oil can be used for human consumption. There are about 40 different oil seeds whose oil can be consumed but only a few are significant in the total world trade. Oil crops are grown world over under varied agroclimatic situations and are vital commodities in the trade and commerce of many economies. The increase in production has occurred mainly due to rising demand for oilseed products and it has been possible mainly due to increase in area under the crop, as well as due to breeding of high yielding varieties. This has been supplemented with the advanced scientific production technologies which have resulted in high levels of per unit productivity, particularly in countries with high standards of agricultural production. Among the oilseed crops, soybean is the major contributor in world oilseed economy followed by rapeseed mustard, cotton, peanut and sunflower. The most important tropical oilseeds are the coconut, palm kernels and groundnut. The major oilseed producing areas are in the temperate zones. America and Europe together account for more than 60% of the world production of oil seeds whereas substantially small production (<5%) comes from tropical areas such as Africa, Malaysia and Indonesia. Both oilseed and oil production have consistently increased over the years to meet the ever increasing demand of vegetable oils. Among the oil seeds, soybean is the chief oil seed crop. Brassica species are the second largest oilseed crop after soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the world oilseed production, surpassing peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during the last two decades (FAO (2010) Agricultural Outlook 2010–19). Palms are grown predominantly in the tropical areas of the world as perennial trees and are an important source of vegetable oil. About two-thirds of the total fat oil production is supplied by oilseeds, with palm oil having maximum share of 33%. Copra, cotton, palm, peanut, rapeseed, soybean and sunflower are the oilseed crops which dominate the international markets for trade purpose. Both imports and exports of oilseeds and their oils have shown a rising trend due to increased demand and supply of these commodities. China is a dominant importer for oilseeds as well as vegetable oils while the USA is a major exporter for oilseeds, and Indonesia and Malaysia for vegetable oils.