Showing papers on "Rapid eye movement sleep published in 1974"

The rate and depth of breathing in new‐born infants in different sleep states

Abstract: 1. Ventilation was recorded on ten male and ten female healthy full-term infants during the first week after delivery, using a trunk plethysmograph. Tidal volume (VT), respiration rate (f) and pulmonary ventilation (V) for each respiratory cycle were measured during periods of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and during quiet sleep when eye movements were absent (NREM). 2. It was found that mean instantaneous V and f were significantly higher in all infants during REM than during NREM sleep, while mean VT was either unchanged or showed a decrease. In addition, there was significantly greater variation in instantaneous V, VT and f during REM as compared with NREM sleep. 3. Positive correlations were found in most infants in both sleep states between individual values of VT and the duration of the respiratory cycle (T). 4. Periodic changes in T were found in all infants during both sleep states; these periodicities may reflect the behaviour of respiratory control mechanisms operating over a longer time span than the individual respiratory cycle.

Effect of caffeine on sleep: eeg study in late middle age people

Abstract: 1 The effect of caffeine alkaloid base (300 mg) on whole night sleep was investigated by electrophysiological techniques in six late middle age subjects (mean age 56 years), comparison being made with decaffeinated coffee and with no drink prior to sleep, using each condition five times in a balanced order on non-consecutive nights. 2 After caffeine the mean total sleep time decreased on average by 2 h, the mean sleep latency increased to 66 minutes. The number of awakenings increased and the mean total intervening wakefulness was more than doubled after caffeine. 3 In the first 3 h of sleep a decreased amount of stage 3 + 4 was observed, accompanied by an increased amount of stage 2 and of intervening wakefulness, without a significant change in the amount of rapid eye movement sleep. 4 The change in sleep pattern observed suggests an increased capability for arousal and decreased ability to develop or sustain deeper stages of non-rapid eye movement sleep after caffeine.

Early components of the averaged electroencephalic response to constant level clicks during rapid eye movement sleep.

Abstract: The early components of the averaged electroencephalic response (AER) were elicited by click stimuli from each of four subject during completed night of nature sleep. Clicks were presented from a loudspeaker 50 dB above the subject's voluntary threshold at a rate of 4.5/sec continuously throughout the night. Response obtained during sleep stages 2, 3, and 4 were pooled and compared to the responses obtained during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for each subject. Statistically significant peak-to-peak amplitude difference scores were only obtained for the Pa and Nb peaks. The largest differences, with shorter REM latencies in both cases, were 1.5 msec for Pa and 4.5 msec for Nb. Thus a similar pattern for the early components of the AER was found during REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Therefore, the clinical usefulness of the early components was not diminished during stage REM sleep.