Rapid eye movement sleep

About: Rapid eye movement sleep is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3740 publications have been published within this topic receiving 183415 citations. The topic is also known as: REM sleep & REMS.

HLA Class II genes associated with REM sleep behavior disorder

Abstract: Twenty-five white men with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, but without narcolepsy, underwent HLA class II antigen typing ; 84% (N = 21) were DQw1 (DQB1*05,06) positive (28% [N = 7] were DR2 positive) ; DQB1*0501 (N = 9) and DQB1*0602 (N = 7) were the most common phenotypes. The 84% DQw1 rate in men with REM sleep behavior disorder was significantly greater (p = 0.015) than the 56% DQw1 rate found in a local white comparison group (N = 66), and was greater than the 39 to 66% DQw1 rates published for 12 white groups (N = 40-418/group). Thus, another disorder of REM sleep dysregulation (besides narcolepsy) appears to be strongly associated with specific HLA class II genes.

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Eye Movements in Schizophrenia and Depression

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the specificity of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep eye movement measures in schizophrenics, depressives, and nonpsychiatric controls. Design: Survey. Setting: Inpatient psychiatric hospital. Study Participants: Volunteer sample of male veterans who met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for schizophrenia (n=21) or major depressive disorder (n=24), or male veterans recruited from the community with no history of psychiatric illness (n=13). Patients with a concurrent RDC diagnosis of alcoholism were excluded. After data collection, three schizophrenics, two depressives, and one nonpsychiatric control were eliminated because of two or fewer REM periods on either of the two recording nights. Intervention: None. Main Outcome Measure: Computer-detected total night and within-night measures of REM sleep eye movement density, ie, the ratio of eye movement counts to stage REM minutes. Results: Using a 95% confidence interval, schizophrenics, depressives, and nonpsychiatric controls did not differ in total night or within-night measures of eye movement density. Within nights, eye movement density increased across REM periods in the schizophrenics and nonpsychiatric controls; the depressives showed a flatter withinnight distribution associated with their older age. Conclusions: A broad range of REM sleep eye movement densities characterize both schizophrenics and depressives and substantially overlaps the normal range. Adnormalities of REM sleep eye movement activity should not be considered a biological marker for affective illness.

Neurocognitive Dysfunction Associated With Sleep Quality and Sleep Apnea in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment

Abstract: Objectives Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is considered a risk factor for cognitive decline in the elderly. The specific neurocognitive decline has been suggested as a predictive factor for dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The authors aim to illustrate the sleep characteristics related to the specific neurocognitive decline in the community-dwelling elderly including patients with MCI. Design Cross-sectional. Settings Center for sleep and chronobiology in Kangwon National University Hospital. Participants Thirty patients with MCI and 30 age- and sex-matched normal elderly subjects were selected. Measurements The authors administered seven tests in the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish A Registry of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological battery and conducted nocturnal polysomnography. A p value below 0.05 was considered a statistical significance. Results There was no significant difference in sleep parameters between the MCI and normal comparison (NC) groups. Sleep efficiency was positively correlated with Constructional Recall (CR) scores in both NC and MCI groups (r = 0.393 and 0.391, respectively). The amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) was also positively correlated with Boston naming test (BNT) scores in both groups (r = 0.392, 0.470, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression models showed that SWS and the apnea index were significant independent variables associated with the BNT score (Δβ = 0.43 and −0.34, respectively; adjusted R 2 = 0.298) in the MCI group, and the amount of rapid eye movement sleep was a significant independent variable associated with the CR score (Δβ = 0.49; adjusted R 2 = 0.217) in the NC group. Conclusions Our results show that poor sleep quality and greater severity of SAS were associated with impaired language function reflecting frontal-subcortical pathology in patients with MCI. This suggests that vulnerability to a specific brain damage associated with SAS could increase the risk for dementia.

The sleep of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on and off methylphenidate: a matched case–control study

Abstract: In the present study, we assessed the effects of regular use of methylphenidate medication in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on sleep timing, duration and sleep architecture Twenty-seven children aged 6-12 years meeting diagnostic criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV ADHD and 27 control children matched for age (+/-3 months) and gender Two nights of standard polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were conducted ADHD children were allocated randomly to an on- or 48 h off-methylphenidate protocol for first or second recordings Control children's recordings were matched for night, but no medication was used Mixed modelling was employed in the analyses so that the full data set was used to determine the degree of medication effects Methylphenidate in ADHD children prolonged sleep onset by an average of 29 min [confidence interval (CI) 116, 467], reduced sleep efficiency by 65% (CI 26, 103) and shortened sleep by 12 h (CI 065, 19) Arousal indices were preserved Relative amounts of stages 1, 2 and slow wave sleep were unchanged by medication Rapid eye movement sleep was reduced (-24%) on the medication night, an effect that became non-significant when control data were incorporated in the analyses PSG data from ADHD children off-medication were similar to control data Our findings suggest that methylphenidate reduces sleep quantity but does not alter sleep architecture in children diagnosed with ADHD An adequate amount of sleep is integral to good daytime functioning, thus the sleep side effects of methylphenidate may affect adversely the daytime symptoms the drug is targeted to control