Topic
Rapid eye movement sleep
About: Rapid eye movement sleep is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3740 publications have been published within this topic receiving 183415 citations. The topic is also known as: REM sleep & REMS.
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TL;DR: The results indicate that activation of MCH neurons primarily drives REM sleep and their presence may be necessary for normal expression of diurnal variation ofREM sleep and wake.
75 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the serotonergic system has a pervasive influence throughout the sleep-wakefulness continuum, in contrast with some other neurotransmitter systems, which may be more concerned with the subtle manifestations of vigilance.
75 citations
TL;DR: This study shows an increase of SWS and power in the δ band during non‐REM sleep in idiopathic RBD patients compared with control subjects and about the possible nigrostriatal dopaminergic impairment in R BD patients and the association between RBD and neurodegenerative disorders.
Abstract: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by the loss of normal muscle atonia during REM sleep, leading to an increase of phasic muscle activity and complex motor behaviors during the night. There is some evidence that RBD patients have more of slow-wave sleep (SWS) than healthy elderly subjects. No study has looked at quantitative electroencephalogram analysis during non-REM sleep in either primary or secondary RBD. The aim of this study was to assess the increase of SWS and to analyze different electroencephalographic frequency ranges during non-REM sleep in 28 idiopathic RBD patients compared with 28 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Idiopathic RBD patients spent more time in SWS (men: 1.4%; women: 5.9%) than control subjects (men: 0.4%; women: 0.6%; p = 0.004). Spectral analyses demonstrated that idiopathic RBD patients had increased all-night delta power in comparison with control subjects (p = 002). This study shows an increase of SWS and power in the delta band during non-REM sleep in idiopathic RBD patients compared with control subjects. Results are discussed about the possible nigrostriatal dopaminergic impairment in RBD patients and the association between RBD and neurodegenerative disorders.
75 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that uremia itself worsens the motor symptoms of RLS, probably as a result of increased excitability.
Abstract: In the present study, the nocturnal electroencephalographic sleep pattern, the number of periodic leg movements (PLM) during sleep and wakefulness, and the subjective sleep parameters of patients with uremic (n = 10) and idiopathic (n = 17) restless legs syndrome (RLS) were compared. The main finding was that the total number of PLM (p = 0.019), the PLM index (p = 0.018), and the PLM index while awake (p = 0.003) were significantly higher in patients with uremic RLS compared with patients who had idiopathic RLS. Additionally, both groups showed a distinct time-of-night pattern of PLM activity. Polysomnographic measures of sleep continuity (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, time awake) and sleep architecture (amount of nonrapid eye movement sleep stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the amount of rapid eye movement sleep) did not differ between uremic and idiopathic RLS patients. With regard to subjective parameters, sleep quality was estimated to be worse in uremic RLS (p = 0.033), whereas other parameters (for example, severity of RLS, quality of life) did not differ between the two groups. It is suggested that uremia itself worsens the motor symptoms of RLS, probably as a result of increased excitability.
75 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of the subjective questionnaires showed that recollection of dreaming and awakening in the night was increased by the three lipophilic drugs, propranolol, metoprolol, and pindolol, contrary to those expected from considering the effects of noradrenaline on sleep.
Abstract: The effects on sleep of four β-Blockers, atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol and pindolol, were studied in a placebo-controlled trial. Drugs were administered in random order to 10 female volunteers who acted as their own controls. Subjects were tested five times, each test period lasting 10 nights (2 baseline, 2 low dose, 4 high dose, and 2 withdrawal). A questionnaire concerning subjective appreciation of the quality of the previous night's sleep was completed each morning. Night recordings of muscle tension, eye movement, heart rate and electroencephalogram were recorded on paper and magnetic tape. Analysis of the subjective questionnaires showed that recollection of dreaming and awakening in the night was increased by the three lipophilic drugs, propranolol, metoprolol, and pindolol. These results confirm reports in the literature but are contrary to those expected from considering the effects of noradrenaline on sleep. Analysis of physiological records confirmed subjects' reports that waking was increased by the lipophilic drugs. Dreaming (rapid eye movement sleep, REM) was reduced, as predicted from knowledge of the effect of noradrenaline on sleep. Increased awakening leads to an increase in remembered dreaming which explains the otherwise paradoxical results. Although atenolol had no effect on subjective measures of sleep this hydrophilic drug also reduced REM frequency, suggesting that either it has some central effect, or that REM reduction is due to a peripheral ‘shielding’ effect.
75 citations