Rapid eye movement sleep

About: Rapid eye movement sleep is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3740 publications have been published within this topic receiving 183415 citations. The topic is also known as: REM sleep & REMS.

The Effect of Donepezil on Sleep and REM Sleep EEG in Patients With Alzheimer Disease: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Abstract: Study Objective: Examine the effects of donepezil on sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with Alzheimer disease, using polysomnography, and the correlation between REM sleep EEG parameters and cognitive scores. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Settings: Two sleep research centers, University Hospital. Participants: Thirty-five patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, allocated to 2 groups: donepezil treated (n=17) and placebo treated (n=18). Intervention: Patients were administered donepezil or placebo. Outcome Measures: Polysomnography with REM sleep EEG spectral analysis and cognitive evaluation using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, were performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Slowing ratio was the ratio between slow and fast EEG frequency bands. Cognitive and sleep data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Correlations between cognitive improvement and REM sleep EEG were also calculated. Results: REM sleep increased significantly after 3 and 6 months of donepezil treatment compared with baseline and placebo (p <.01). Overall theta (p =.04), frontal theta (p <.01) and frontal delta (p =.03) absolute power during REM sleep decreased after 6 months of donepezil treatment. The occipital slowing ratio decreased during treatment (p =.04). REM sleep overall and frontal and centroparietal alpha absolute power significantly correlated with the cognitive improvement rate on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (r = 0.75, r = 0.71, r = = 0.78); p<.01). Conclusions: Donepezil treatment enhanced REM sleep and reduced slow frequencies of REM sleep EEG, suggesting a possible action upon REM sleep-related cholinergic neurons in patients with Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, REM sleep alpha power may predict the cognitive response to donepezil.

Control of Upper Airway Motoneurons During REM Sleep.

Abstract: The loss of tone in upper airway muscles contributes to disorders of breathing during sleep. In an animal model of rapid eye movement sleep atonia, decrements in the activity of upper airway motoneurons are caused by withdrawal of excitation mediated by serotonin and other transmitters, rather than by state-dependent inhibition.

Localized pontine lesion: nearly total absence of REM sleep.

Abstract: Eight whole-night polysomnographic recordings were conducted in a 33-year-old man with a localized pontine lesion inflicted by a shrapnel fragment. Sleep recordings revealed no rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in 3 nights, and markedly reduced REM sleep in 5 nights; non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was normal. In spite of marked reduction of REM sleep, the patient conducted a normal life and had none of the typical symptoms of REM-sleep deprivation.

Selective 5HT2A and 5HT6 receptor antagonists promote sleep in rats

Abstract: Study objectives Serotonin (5-HT) has long been implicated in the control of sleep and wakefulness. This study evaluated the hypnotic efficacy of the 5-HT6 antagonist RO4368554 (RO) and the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL100907 (MDL) relative to zolpidem. Design A randomized, repeated-measures design was utilized in which Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of RO (1.0, 3.0, and 10 mg/kg), MDL (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), zolpidem (10 mg/kg), or vehicle in the middle of the dark (active) period. Electroencephalogram, electromyogram, body temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity were analyzed for 6 hours after injection. Measurements and results RO, MDL, and zolpidem all produced significant increases in sleep and decreases in waking, compared with vehicle control. All 3 doses of MDL produced more consolidated sleep, increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) sleep, and increased electroencephalographic delta power during NREM sleep. The highest dose of RO (10.0 mg/kg) produced significant increases in sleep and decreases in waking during hour 2 following dosing. These increases in sleep duration were associated with greater delta power during NREM sleep. ZO Zolpidem induced sleep with the shortest latency and significantly increased NREM sleep and delta power but also suppressed rapid eye movement sleep sleep; in contrast, neither RO nor MDL affected rapid eye movement sleep. Whereas RO did not affect Tb, both zolpidem and MDL reduced Tb relative to vehicle-injected controls. Conclusions These results support a role for 5-HT2A receptor modulation in NREM sleep and suggest a previously unrecognized role for 5-HT6 receptors in sleep-wake regulation.

Breathing during sleep in patients with interstitial lung disease.

Abstract: Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have a rapid shallow breathing pattern while awake that is thought to be due to activation of lung reflexes. We wondered whether sleep would result in changes in respiratory control and thus cause hypoxemia and poor sleep quality. Eleven patients with ILD (5 men and 6 women) and 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied during sleep. Sleep quality was worse in patients with ILD, with more time in Stage 1 (33.7% of total sleep time (TST) versus 13.5%) and less time in REM sleep (11.8 versus 19.9% TST) than found in control subjects, and more fragmentation of sleep (13.7 +/- 3.1 arousals/h and 24.3 +/- 6.0 sleep stage changes/h versus 6.9 +/- 1.0 and 12.7 +/- 1.4, respectively). Patients with ILD with awake SaO2 less than 90% had greater abnormalities in sleep structure than did those with SaO2 greater than 90%. The incidence of apneas and hypopnea periods in patients with ILD was low (apnea plus hypoventilation index of 1.3 +/- 0.45 versus 2.9 +/- 0.82 in control subjects, p = NS). Oxygen saturation dropped during REM sleep in patients, especially in those with more severe awake hypoxemia. Expiratory time (Te), inspiratory time (Ti), and their sum (Ttot) were shorter in the patients, whereas Ti/Ttot was the same as in control subjects. No systematic changes during sleep were seen in these variables. The variability of inspiratory volume index, Ti, Te, and Ti/Ttot was similar to that in control subjects, and was lowest during NREM sleep. The incidence of snoring was comparable in patients and control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)