Topic
Rapid eye movement sleep
About: Rapid eye movement sleep is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3740 publications have been published within this topic receiving 183415 citations. The topic is also known as: REM sleep & REMS.
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TL;DR: The results show that the same cortical areas are involved in eye movements in both REM sleep and wakefulness and suggest that REM sleep eye movements are saccadic scans of targets in the dream scene.
Abstract: In order to study the neural substrate for eye movements during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, we analyzed the positron emission tomography ( 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) scan data obtained from normal subjects. Eye movement data were available on nine subjects studied during nighttime REM sleep and six control subjects studied during waking as they periodically moved their eyes. The number of eye movements during REM sleep was positively correlated with glucose metabolic rate in the areas corresponding to (a) the saccadic eye movement system (frontal eye field and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, statistically significant only on the right side), (b) the midline attentional system (cingulate and medial frontal cortex, precuneus) and (c) the parietal visual spatial attentional system (bilateral superior parietal lobules, right inferior parietal lobule) ; and negatively correlated with relative metabolic rate in the left inferior parietal lobule. Positive correlations between waking eye movements and metabolic rate were observed in the same areas except inferior parietal lobule. Our results show that the same cortical areas are involved in eye movements in both REM sleep and wakefulness and suggest that REM sleep eye movements are saccadic scans of targets in the dream scene. Our data also suggest right hemispheric specialization in saccadic eye movement control and reciprocal inhibition in the contralateral homologous area during higher cortical functioning. .
118 citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis put forth is that identifying and treating sleep disorders, which are potentially caused by or contributed to by autism, may impact favorably on seizure control and on daytime behavior.
Abstract: The purpose of this review article is to describe the clinical data linking autism with sleep and epilepsy and to discuss the impact of treating sleep disorders in children with autism either with or without coexisting epileptic seizures Studies are presented to support the view that sleep is abnormal in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders Epilepsy and sleep have reciprocal relationships, with sleep facilitating seizures and seizures adversely affecting sleep architecture The hypothesis put forth is that identifying and treating sleep disorders, which are potentially caused by or contributed to by autism, may impact favorably on seizure control and on daytime behavior The article concludes with some practical suggestions for the evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders in this population of children with autism
118 citations
TL;DR: Manic and depressed patients displayed nearly identical profiles of PSG abnormalities compared with normal control subjects, including disturbed sleep continuity, increased percentage of stage 1 sleep, shortened rapid eye movement latency, and increased rapidEye movement density.
Abstract: • Although sleep disturbance is a prominent feature of mania, its polysomnographic (PSG) features have received little study. To investigate more systematically the PSG characteristics of sleep in mania, all-night PSG evaluations were performed for two to four consecutive nights in 19 young manic patients (age range, 18 to 36 years), 19 age-matched patients with major depression, and 19 age-matched normal control subjects. Manic and depressed patients displayed nearly identical profiles of PSG abnormalities compared with normal control subjects, including disturbed sleep continuity, increased percentage of stage 1 sleep, shortened rapid eye movement latency, and increased rapid eye movement density. These results are similar to those reported in previous studies of major depression, and they are consistent with the possibility that the sleep disturbance in mania and major depression is caused by the same mechanism.
118 citations
TL;DR: The recognition of RBD has shed additional scientific light on the "bumps in the night"; expanded knowledge of states of being and state dissociation; opened up new areas of research on brain and mind dysfunction during sleep; and reaffirmed the vital link between basic research and clinical medicine.
118 citations
TL;DR: A very high number and great variety of motor events during REM sleep in symptomatic RBD is shown, however, most motor events are minor, and violent episodes represent only a small fraction.
Abstract: In REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), several studies focused on electromyographic characterization of motor activity, whereas video analysis has remained more general. The aim of this study was to undertake a detailed and systematic video analysis. Nine polysomnographic records from 5 Parkinson patients with RBD were analyzed and compared with sex- and age-matched controls. Each motor event in the video during REM sleep was classified according to duration, type of movement, and topographical distribution. In RBD, a mean of 54 +/- 23.2 events/10 minutes of REM sleep (total 1392) were identified and visually analyzed. Seventy-five percent of all motor events lasted <2 seconds. Of these events, 1,155 (83.0%) were classified as elementary, 188 (13.5%) as complex behaviors, 50 (3.6%) as violent, and 146 (10.5%) as vocalizations. In the control group, 3.6 +/- 2.3 events/10 minutes (total 264) of predominantly elementary simple character (n = 240, 90.9%) were identified. Number and types of motor events differed significantly between patients and controls (P < 0.05). This study shows a very high number and great variety of motor events during REM sleep in symptomatic RBD. However, most motor events are minor, and violent episodes represent only a small fraction.
117 citations