Topic
Rate of convergence
About: Rate of convergence is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 31257 publications have been published within this topic receiving 795334 citations. The topic is also known as: convergence rate.
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TL;DR: In this article, a new four-node shell element for nonlinear analysis which is useful for explicit time integration with single point quadrature is presented, and an assumed strain method is used to stabilize the zero-energy modes of the element.
173 citations
TL;DR: Theoretical analyses show that the NSS method converges unconditionally to the exact solution of the system of linear equations, and an upper bound of the contraction factor is derived which is dependent solely on the spectrum of the normal splitting matrix, and is independent of the eigenvectors of the matrices involved.
Abstract: We further generalize the technique for constructing the Hermitian/skew-Hermitian splitting (HSS) iteration method for solving large sparse non-Hermitian positive definite system of linear equations to the normal/skew-Hermitian (NS) splitting obtaining a class of normal/skew-Hermitian splitting (NSS) iteration methods. Theoretical analyses show that the NSS method converges unconditionally to the exact solution of the system of linear equations. Moreover, we derive an upper bound of the contraction factor of the NSS iteration which is dependent solely on the spectrum of the normal splitting matrix, and is independent of the eigenvectors of the matrices involved. We present a successive-overrelaxation (SOR) acceleration scheme for the NSS iteration, which specifically results in an acceleration scheme for the HSS iteration. Convergence conditions for this SOR scheme are derived under the assumption that the eigenvalues of the corresponding block Jacobi iteration matrix lie in certain regions in the complex plane. A numerical example is used to show that the SOR technique can significantly accelerate the convergence rate of the NSS or the HSS iteration method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extend the Solow-Swan growth model allowing for cross-sectional heterogeneity and show that the uniform 2% rate of convergence repeatedly found in the empirical literature is the outcome of an underlying parameter of fractional integration strictly between 1 2 and 1.
172 citations
TL;DR: Using a modified renormalization tensor, a new SPH scheme is presented for approximating second derivatives that has the property of first-order consistency and is compared with the best available schemes when applied to a 2D heat equation.
Abstract: Several schemes for discretization of first and second derivatives are available in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Here, four schemes for approximation of the first derivative and three schemes for the second derivative are examined using a theoretical analysis based on Taylor series expansion both for regular and irregular particle distributions. Estimation of terms in the truncation errors shows that only the renormalized (the first-order consistent) scheme has acceptable convergence properties to approximate the first derivative. None of the second derivative schemes has the first-order consistency. Therefore, they converge only when the particle spacing decreases much faster than the smoothing length of the kernel function. In addition, using a modified renormalization tensor, a new SPH scheme is presented for approximating second derivatives that has the property of first-order consistency. To assess the computational performance of the proposed scheme, it is compared with the best available schemes when applied to a 2D heat equation. The numerical results show at least one order of magnitude improvement in accuracy when the new scheme is used. In addition, the new scheme has higher-order convergence rate on regular particle arrangements even for the case of only four particles in the neighborhood of each particle.
172 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the extended finite element method (XFEM) enables the accurate approximation of solutions with jumps or kinks within elements and achieves high-order convergence for arbitrary curved interfaces.
Abstract: The extended finite element method (XFEM) enables the accurate approximation of solutions with jumps or kinks within elements. Optimal convergence rates have frequently been achieved for linear elements and piecewise planar interfaces. Higher-order convergence for arbitrary curved interfaces relies on two major issues: (i) an accurate quadrature of the Galerkin weak form for the cut elements and (ii) a careful formulation of the enrichment, which should preclude any problems in the blending elements. For (i), we employ a strategy of subdividing the elements into subcells with only one curved side. Reference elements that are higher-order on only one side are then used to map the integration points to the real element. For (ii), we find that enrichments for strong discontinuities are easily extended to higher-order accuracy. In contrast, problems in blending elements may hinder optimal convergence for weak discontinuities. Different formulations are investigated, including the corrected XFEM. Numerical results for several test cases involving strong or weak curved discontinuities are presented. Quadratic and cubic approximations are investigated. Optimal convergence rates are achieved using the standard XFEM for the case of a strong discontinuity. Close-to-optimal convergence rates for the case of a weak discontinuity are achieved using the corrected XFEM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
172 citations