Topic
Rationality
About: Rationality is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 617787 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a model of the strategic calculus of voting that incorporates the behavior of groups is presented, showing that if candidates choose different positions, positive turnout is possible in (partial) equilibrium and is generally larger than that without group rationality.
Abstract: A model of the strategic calculus of voting that incorporates the behavior of groups is presented. If candidates choose different positions, positive turnout is possible in (partial) equilibrium and is generally larger than that without group rationality. Nevertheless, if candidates are probability maximizers and a unique (general) equilibrium exists, the candidates will choose equivalent positions and turnout will be zero even with group rationality. But if candidates care about both policy and winning, they will choose different positions and cause positive turnout. This turnout will be larger than that that would occur without group rationality. Group rationality, alone, cannot explain positive turnout in a (general) equilibrium theory of elections; it does imply larger turnout in conjunction with policy-oriented candidates than would be predicted solely by individualistic rational behavior.
206 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: The concept of toleration was introduced by as discussed by the authors and the case for rationality and diversity is the justification for toleration toleration in a liberal society choice, community, and socialism.
Abstract: The concept of toleration Locke and the case for rationality Mill and the case for diversity the justification of toleration toleration in a liberal society choice, community and socialism.
206 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the rationality of the strategic decision making process for a group of small Dutch firms was examined, and the authors concluded that the decision-making process of these small firms is more rational than that of large Dutch firms.
205 citations
20 Aug 2005
TL;DR: This work introduces and explores an alternative model of emotion as interaction: dynamic, culturally mediated, and socially constructed and experienced - instead of sensing and transmitting emotion, systems should support human users in understanding, interpreting, and experiencing emotion in its full complexity and ambiguity.
Abstract: While affective computing explicitly challenges the primacy of rationality in cognitivist accounts of human activity, at a deeper level it relies on and reproduces the same information-processing model of cognition. In affective computing, affect is often seen as another kind of information - discrete units or states internal to an individual that can be transmitted in a loss-free manner from people to computational systems and back. Drawing on cultural, social, and interactional critiques of cognition which have arisen in HCI, we introduce and explore an alternative model of emotion as interaction: dynamic, culturally mediated, and socially constructed and experienced. This model leads to new goals for the design and evaluation of affective systems - instead of sensing and transmitting emotion, systems should support human users in understanding, interpreting, and experiencing emotion in its full complexity and ambiguity.
205 citations
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TL;DR: This article explored how an understanding of human cognition bears on law and public policy, concluding that people make many mistakes in thinking about risk and that sensible policies, and sensible law, will follow statistical evidence, not ordinary people.
Abstract: Cognitive and social psychologists have uncovered a number of features of ordinary thinking about risk. Giving particular attention to the work of Paul Slovic, this review-essay explores how an understanding of human cognition bears on law and public policy. The basic conclusion is that people make many mistakes in thinking about risk and that sensible policies, and sensible law, will follow statistical evidence, not ordinary people. The discussion explores the use of heuristics, the effects of cascades, the role of emotions, demographic differences, the role of trust, and the possibility that ordinary people have a special "rationality" distinct from that of experts. Because people are prone to error, what matters, most of the time, is actual risk, not perceived risk.
204 citations