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Rationality

About: Rationality is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 617787 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on ethnographic work among North American occupational therapists, it is argued that both modes of discourse provide avenues for reasoning about clinical problems, but these discourses construct very different clinical objects and different phenomena to reason about.
Abstract: Based on ethnographic work among North American occupational therapists, I compare two forms of everyday clinical talk. One, "chart talk," conforms to normative conceptions of clinical rationality. The second, storytelling, permeates clinical discussions but has no formal status as a vehicle for clinical reasoning. I argue that both modes of discourse provide avenues for reasoning about clinical problems. However, these discourses construct very different clinical objects and different phenomena to reason about. Further, the clinical problems created through storytelling point toward a more radically distinct conception of rationality than the one underlying biomedicine as it is formally conceived. Clinical storytelling is more usefully understood as a mode of Aristotle's "practical rationality" than the technical rationality of modern (enlightenment) conceptions of reasoning.

179 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that CSR is not a countervailing force that follows neo-liberal market exposure, and that instead of re-embedding global liberalism, CSR complements liberalization and substitutes for institutionalized social solidarity.
Abstract: This article challenges the notion that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is incompatible with neo-liberalism. It argues that CSR is not a countervailing force that follows neo-liberal market exposure. Instead of re-embedding global liberalism, CSR complements liberalization and substitutes for institutionalized social solidarity. Evidence from the UK, one of the world’s leading jurisdictions for responsible business, supports these claims. In Britain during the past 30 years, neo-liberalism and CSR have co-evolved. CSR has been a quid pro quo for lighter regulation; it has compensated for some of the social dislocations that result from unfettering markets, thereby legitimating business during the ‘unleashing’ of capitalism, and it appeals to moral sensibilities, justifying and legitimating business leaders in a way that instrumental rationality alone cannot. The paper draws on original sources to shed light on the origins and growth of Business in the Community, one of the world’s leading business-led CSR coalitions, since the 1970s.

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of representation in the selection task and in the THOG problem is discussed. But it is not discussed in the context of problem-solving, as discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Contributors. Jonathan St B.T. Evans Introduction. 1 Richard A. Griggs The Role Problem Content in the Selection Task and in the THOG Problem 2 Peter C. Wason Realism and Rationality in the Selection Task 3 Stephen E. Newstead and Richard A. Griggs The Language and Thought of Disjunction 4 Paul Pollard and Jonathan St B.T. Evans The Role of 'Representativeness' in Statistical Inference: A Critical Appraisal 5 Jonathan St B.T. Evans Selective Processes in Reasoning 6 Philip N. Johnson-Laird Thinking as a Skill 7 John T.E. Richardson Mental Imagery in Thinking and Problem Solving 8 Richard Byrne Protocol Analysis in Problem Solving. Index

177 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors showed how motivational role theory can be used to examine the impact of goals and incentives upon behavior and thereby integrate economic and sociological perspectives, and argued that the most promising framework for the new institutionalism is one that incorporates not just formal but also informal institutional structures (like roles and norms), a framework that incorporates, rather than excludes, political behavior.
Abstract: I seek to reinvigorate the study of politicians' roles by showing how motivational role theory can be used to examine the impact of goals and incentives upon behavior and thereby integrate economic and sociological perspectives. I address three reasons for the recent neglect of politicians' roles-changes in interdisciplinary tastes, conceptual and theoretical muddles, and failures to demonstrate consequences for behavior-and find them unconvincing. I further argue that the most promising framework for the new institutionalism is one that incorporates not just formal but also informal institutional structures (like roles and norms), a framework that incorporates, rather than excludes, political behavior.

177 citations

Book
22 Nov 2013
TL;DR: In the United States at the height of the Cold War, roughly between the end of World War II and the early 1980s, a new project of redefining rationality commanded the attention of sharp minds, powerful politicians, wealthy foundations, and top military brass.
Abstract: In the United States at the height of the Cold War, roughly between the end of World War II and the early 1980s, a new project of redefining rationality commanded the attention of sharp minds, powerful politicians, wealthy foundations, and top military brass Its home was the human sciences - psychology, sociology, political science, and economics, among others - and its participants enlisted in an intellectual campaign to figure out what rationality should mean and how it could be deployed How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind brings to life the people - Herbert Simon, Oskar Morgenstern, Herman Kahn, Anatol Rapoport, Thomas Schelling, and many others - and places, including the RAND Corporation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the Cowles Commission for Research and Economics, and the Council on Foreign Relations, that played a key role in putting forth a "Cold War rationality" Decision makers harnessed this picture of rationality - optimizing, formal, algorithmic, and mechanical - in their quest to understand phenomena as diverse as economic transactions, biological evolution, political elections, international relations, and military strategy The authors chronicle and illuminate what it meant to be rational in the age of nuclear brinkmanship

176 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023921
20221,963
2021645
2020689
2019682
2018753