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Rationality

About: Rationality is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20459 publications have been published within this topic receiving 617787 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Betsch et al. as discussed by the authors found that conscientiousness was a significant predictor of a preference for rational thinking and an inverse predictor of intuitive thinking in a large Dutch sample (N = 774).
Abstract: Theories of dual cognition assume two distinguishable information processing styles: rational and intuitive. We discuss how the concepts of rationality and intuition are used in these theories, and the relations of these two thinking styles to personality character- istics. With the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI; Pacini & Epstein, 1999), a questionnaire that assesses personal preferences for thinking either rationally or intuitively, we found clear evidence for the independence of the two thinking styles in a large Dutch sample (N = 774). We also found Conscientiousness to be a significant predictor of a preference for rational thinking and an inverse predictor of intuitive thinking. We also administered the REI and a Big Five inventory to a Spanish sample (N = 141), and present these results next to those of the Dutch sample. We further established the validity of the REI's distinction between rationality and intuition by administering another measure, the Preference for Intuition or Deliberation (PID; Betsch, 2004, 2008), to a subset of the Dutch sample (n = 405). We briefly describe two small studies in which a preference for rationality or intuition, measured by the REI, was found to be related to task behavior. In the general discussion we consider all results together, and compare them to Pacini and Epstein's results. We conclude that a dual-process distinction between rationality and intuition is valid cross-culturally and that a proclivity toward either is reliably measured by the REI, not only in the USA but in Europe as well.

138 citations

DOI
Robert Folger1
01 Aug 1998
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors contrast fairness as a virtue with the fairness of social and organizational studies, arguing that the fairness that those disciplines portray only faintly resembles fairness-as-morality.
Abstract: Morality includes fairness as a notable virtue. This chapter contrasts fairnessas-morality (ethical conduct) with the fairness of social and organizational studies. The fairness that those disciplines portray only faintly resembles fairness-as-morality. Their legacy-an anorexic fairness-instead reduces fairness to selfishness. Despite noble efforts to break the stranglehold of economic rationality and self-interest maximization, their version of fairness remains closer to greed and envy than to the moral virtue that can sustain the commonweal.

138 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper surveyed definitions of economics from contemporary principles of economics textbooks and found that economics is the study of the economy, the science of choice, and human behavior, and that human behavior is the most important aspect of economics.
Abstract: Modern economists do not subscribe to a homogeneous definition of their subject. Surveying definitions of economics from contemporary principles of economics textbooks, we find that economics is the study of the economy, the study of the coordination process, the study of the effects of scarcity, the science of choice, and the study of human behavior. At a time when economists are tackling subjects as diverse as growth, auctions, crime, and religion with a methodological toolkit that includes real analysis, econometrics, laboratory experiments, and historical case studies, and when they are debating the explanatory roles of rationality and behavioral norms, any concise definition of economics is likely to be inadequate. This lack of agreement on a definition does not necessarily pose a problem for the subject. Economists are generally guided by pragmatic considerations of what works or by methodological views emanating from various sources, not by formal definitions: to repeat the comment attributed to Jacob Viner, economics is what economists do. However, the way the definition of economics has evolved is more than a historical curiosity. At times, definitions are used to justify what economists are doing. Definitions can also reflect the direction in which their authors want to see the subject move and can even influence practice.

138 citations

Book
01 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a world of failure, reform, and hope in which rational reform is a threat to hope. But they also describe a culture of hope and hopelessness.
Abstract: Preface Chapter 1: The Dream of Rationality - Rationality as a form of intelligence - The rule about rationality - Rules for what we want, say, and do - A world of failure, reform, and hope Chapter 2: Organizations and Rational Reforms - The rational model and organizational practice - The rational model in presentations and intentions - Reforms - Reform as a threat to hope - Design and methods Chapter 3: Selling Rational Reforms - Two rational reforms - The rational as self-evident - Rationality for others - Selling principles - The irrelevance of experience - Presentation instead of practice - Principle and practice Chapter 4: Buying Rational Reform - An irrational buying process - A well known principle - Watering down and projection - Constructing an organization - Distancing from practices - Similarities between sellers and buyers Chapter 5: The Reception of Rational Reforms - The local edition of the rational principle - Application - system, meaning, and construction - A realistic model - Usefulness - A soft reception Chapter 6: Learning About Rationality - Continues Reforms - The reformers' experiences - Learning at E-city - Conclusion - continued reform - Learning Chapter 7: Learning to Hope - A model of experiential learning - Lack of information - Irrelevance of information - Learning about things other than the principle - Learning about causes: special factors and resistance - Hopeful learning - Learning about the rational principle - Thought or talk Chapter 8: A Public Debate - There is no alternative! - Watering down - Model characteristics rather than effects - The evasive practice - The principle is right and the practice is wrong - Preserving hope at a distance Chapter 9: The Mechanisms of Hope - Avoiding practice - Selection of practice - rationality at a distance in time and space - Interpreting everything for the best - Separating the world of ideas from the practical world - The Act of Hope - An application Chapter 10: The Intricacies of Hope - Introducing rationality with the help of irrationality - Hoe as outcome or cause - A culture of hope - Implications for reforms - Hopefulness and hopelessness References

138 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the scaling properties of some new measures of the fear of crime, including emotion, risk perception and environmental perception, and discuss the implications of these measures for the rationality of the Fear of Crime.
Abstract: This study assesses the scaling properties of some new measures of the fear of crime. The new conceptualization—a range of distinct but related constructs that constitute the fear of crime—comprises the interplay between emotion, risk perception and environmental perception. Data from a small‐scale survey are analysed using confirmatory factor analysis showing good scaling properties of the multiple indicators. Two implications of the new conceptualization for the rationality of the fear of crime are discussed. First, perceptions of the risk of crime seem to be a product of how individuals make sense of their social and physical environment. Second, the fear of crime may constitute such evaluations of community cohesion and moral consensus as well as specific experiences of ‘fear’ of ‘crime’—a way of seeing as well as a way of feeling. The conclusions consider ramifications for the rationality of the fear of crime, particularly in the context of reassurance policing in England and Wales.

138 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023921
20221,963
2021645
2020689
2019682
2018753