Topic
Reactivity (chemistry)
About: Reactivity (chemistry) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 43813 publications have been published within this topic receiving 833536 citations. The topic is also known as: reactivity (chemistry) & chemical reactivity.
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TL;DR: It is shown that noncoordinating solvents not only are compatible with the synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals, but also provide tunable reactivity of the monomers by simply varying the concentration of ligands in the solution.
Abstract: Semiconductor nanocrystals are of great interest for both fundamental research and industrial development.[1, 2] The lack of adequate synthetic methods for nanocrystals of the desired quality is currently a bottleneck in this field.[3] The relatively successful approaches, including the organometallic approach[4±8] and its alternatives,[9±13] are exclusively performed in coordinating solvents. Evidently, only a few compounds can act as the coordinating solvents,[11] and this makes it extremely challenging to identify a suitable reaction system for growing high-quality nanocrystals in most cases. Here we show that noncoordinating solvents not only are compatible with the synthesis of semiconductor nanocrystals, but also provide tunable reactivity of the monomers by simply varying the concentration of ligands in the solution. The tunable reactivity of the monomers provides a necessary balance between nucleation and growth, which is the key for control over the size and size distribution of the resulting nanocrystals.[5] In practice, such tunability has great potential to promote the synthesis of various semiconductor nanocrystals to the level of that of the well-developed CdSe N N
1,231 citations
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TL;DR: Palladium oxidase catalysis combines the versatility of Pd(II)-mediated oxidation of organic substrates with dioxygen-coupled oxidation of the reduced palladium catalyst to enable a broad range of selective aerobic oxidation reactions.
Abstract: Selective aerobic oxidation of organic molecules is a fundamental and practical challenge in modern chemistry. Effective solutions to this problem must overcome the intrinsic reactivity and selectivity challenges posed by the chemistry of molecular oxygen, and they must find application in diverse classes of oxidation reactions. Palladium oxidase catalysis combines the versatility of Pd(II)-mediated oxidation of organic substrates with dioxygen-coupled oxidation of the reduced palladium catalyst to enable a broad range of selective aerobic oxidation reactions. Recent developments revealed that cocatalysts (e.g. Cu(II), polyoxometalates, and benzoquinone) are not essential for efficient oxidation of Pd(0) by molecular oxygen. Oxidatively stable ligands play an important role in these reactions by minimizing catalyst decomposition, promoting the direct reaction between palladium and dioxygen, modulating organic substrate reactivity and permitting asymmetric catalysis.
1,227 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a functional Taylor expansion of energy is used to introduce various energy derivatives of chemical significance, and a review summarizes their main features and examines the limitations of some indexes presently used for the characterization of reactivity.
Abstract: The theoretical description of charge distribution, and related properties, such as chemical reactivity descriptors of chemical compounds, has greatly benefited from the development of density functional theory (DFT) methods. Indeed, most concepts stemmed from DFT but, up to now, they have been used mostly within semiempirical MO methods, Hartree–Fock, or post-Hartree–Fock methods. During the last decade, however, DFT has enabled theoretical chemistry to predict accurately structures and energetics of clusters and molecules. Therefore, more attention should also now be paid to these reactivity descriptors determined directly from DFT calculations. In this work, chemical reactivity is explored in DFT through a functional Taylor expansion of energy that introduces various energy derivatives of chemical significance. This review summarizes their main features and examines the limitations of some indexes presently used for the characterization of reactivity. Also, several perspectives are given. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 129–154, 1999
1,137 citations
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1,128 citations
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TL;DR: A study of the specificity of the reaction indicates that it occurs only with the S − group (actual or potential, as in thiourea), and heavy-metal ions interfere with the reaction by irreversibly bonding any S − ions.
1,053 citations