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Showing papers on "Rear-end collision published in 1991"


01 May 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the most influential factors contributing to the high level of fatalities and serious injuries arising from crashes involving trucks and other road users and identifying the most effective and practical countermeasures that can be incorporated into the truck design, to reduce the severity of injuries in crashes involving cars, motorcyclists, and pedestrians.
Abstract: The study was aimed at clearly establishing the most influential factors contributing to the high level of fatalities and serious injuries arising from crashes involving trucks and other road users and identifying the most effective and practical countermeasures that can be incorporated into the truck design, to reduce the severity of injuries in crashes involving cars, motorcyclists, and pedestrians. The study involved three components: literature review of past studies on truck involved crashes and comparison of international and Australian Design Standards; detailed investigation of actual crashes involving trucks and other road users; countermeasure development involving identification of design changes to trucks to help reduce their injury potential in collisions. Detailed investigations were carried out on 45 crashes, including both fatal and hospital admission cases, with 19 of these crashes involving 25 fatalities. Detailed injury information was obtained for each case from coronial autopsy reports or from hospital records. This data was used together with the detailed vehicle inspections to ascertain injury sources and the characteristics of truck involved crashes. This report is in two parts: the first provides initial findings in regard to the design of trucks which results in their greater harm potential compared with other crash types; the second details the findings in regard to the rear design of trucks and the issue of rear under-run protection. Recommendations are given for countermeasure development for rear under-run crashes, with specific design recommendations for rear under- run barriers regarding height and load capacity. Further work is being carried out on the design and testing of prototype under-run barriers for rigid trucks and articulated vehicles. The reports on the frontal and side design of trucks are being prepared.

23 citations


Patent
15 Oct 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to prevent nose dive and improve braking efficiency by controlling a brake actuator while controlling a suspension control means in such a way as to obtain a suspension constant corresponding to necessary braking force when there is rear-end collision danger.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent nose dive and improve braking efficiency by controlling a brake actuator while controlling a suspension control means in such a way as to obtain a suspension constant corresponding to necessary braking force when there is rear-end collision danger. CONSTITUTION: The present speed Vo of one's own vehicle is measured by a vehicle speed sensor 1, and the present inter-vehicle distance LF between one's own vehicle and a preceding vehicle is measured by an inter-vehicle distance sensor 2. The existence of rear-end collision danger is judged by whether the stop distance at the time of one's own vehicle being decelerated at the specified deceleration from the present speed Vo is the present inter-vehicle distance LF or more. In the case of judging the existence of rear-end collision danger, necessary braking force is computed in a brake control ECU 3, and the spring constants of front-rear wheels by both spring/dampers 12, 13 are made large by a suspension control ECU 15 on the basis of the suspension spring constant and damping constant read out according to the computed braking force. Brake control is then performed in the brake control ECU 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio

2 citations


Patent
11 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the car behind detected with a backward radar is brought off from a beam area at approaching this vehicle by synthetically judging a danger of rear-end collision based on data at existing in the beam area.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To surely prevent rear-end collision when the car behind detected with a backward radar is brought off from a beam area at approaching this vehicle by synthetically judging a danger of rear-end collision based on data at existing in the beam area. CONSTITUTION:A control circuit 16 controls to drive a backward sensor 20 through a driving circuit 22, and judges existence of the car behind in a prescribed distance based on the detected signal from the backward sensor 20. When the car behind exists, relative distance and speed between this vehicle and the car behind are computed based on the detected signal from a vehicle speed detecting circuit 10 for detecting the running speed of this vehicle. When a danger of rear-end collision exists at present by changing the advancing direction of this vehicle, a waning device 26 is actuated through a driving circuit 24, based on the detected signal from a steering angle detecting circuit 12 and the like. Further, when a danger of rear-end collision exists at changing the advancing direction after a prescribed time, a warning is given on confirming this.

1 citations


Patent
14 Aug 1991
TL;DR: In this paper, the inter-car safety distance is calculated by calculating the distance from the own car to a car or any other object ahead or behind and running speed, and controlling related working devices according to the result from calculation.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent rear-end collision by calculating the inter-car safety distance from the distance from the own car to a car or any other object ahead or behind and the own car running speed, and controlling related working devices according to the result from calculation. CONSTITUTION: This device includes an ahead car distance and a behind car distance measuring instruments 11, 12 and a car speed measuring instrument 2, and the sensing signals from them are inputted into a microcomputer 3. A safety distance which requires a deceleration or brake application is calculated by the safety distance calculating mode set 30 in the microcomputer 3, and also the safety distance for behind the car is calculated. The specified calculations are conducted by the brake lamp control mode set 31, deceleration/ braking alarm indication mode set 33, cruising device control mode set 34, and start run alarm indication mode set 35. The operations of the working devices 4 such as a brake lamp actuator 41, deceleration requiring and brake alarm indicators 421 and 422, headlight 43, etc., are controlled in accordance with the outputs of the respective sets 30-35.

1 citations