Showing papers on "Rear-end collision published in 2003"

Rear-End Collision Velocity Reduction System

Abstract: Japan has a higher rate of rear-end collisions than any other kind of traffic accident and the causes of rear-end collisions were investigated. Accident statistics were used to conduct a statistical traffic accident analysis while a questionnaire was used to conduct a detailed traffic accident analysis and simulation was then used to perform traffic accident analysis. The results of the traffic accident analysis suggested that many of these accidents were caused by lack of attention during daily driving. Research was conducted to determine what kind of collision avoidance systems would be effective. A system was developed that is effective in reducing the collision velocity during rear-end collisions by making up for driver delays in recognition, judgment and operation by means of brake control and external sensing technology using millmeter wave radar sensor. This paper will discuss the testing and development of this new system.

Effect of inter-vehicle communication on rear-end collision avoidance

Abstract: One of the possible uses of short-distance car-to-car wireless communication is for broadcasting brake motivation. An equation for calculating delay time for safe breaking between vehicles is developed. Delay time is used as the criteria for evaluating the inter-vehicle communication effect on rear-end collision avoidance. Simulation results show that: with high communication percentage and wide communication range, the total number of collisions in the whole system will drop significantly.

The debate between stiff and yielding seats - a new generation of yielding seats with high retention in rear crashes

Abstract: This book presents new studies and reprints (in some cases shortened versions) of SAE and AAAM articles on stiff and yielding vehicle seats and their performance during collisions. Occupant retention and whiplash prevention during rear end collisions are discussed and an overview of seat safety patents is presented.

Rear-end collision prevention device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rear-end collision prevention device capable of surely avoiding a following vehicle. SOLUTION: Because a rear monitoring radar 10 searches the rearward of its own vehicle 1 to detect the following vehicle 2 approaching the own vehicle 1, the rear monitoring radar 10 can successively detect a state that the following vehicle 2 approaches having possibility of a rear-end collision by approaching. Because a front monitoring radar 12 and side monitoring radars 14, 16, 18 monitor the peripery of the own vehicle 1 and detect whether an obstacle is present or not, they monitor a front monitoring area 13 and side monitoring areas 15, 17, 19 that are an area around the own vehicle to detect the obstacle. When the rear monitoring radar 10 detects the following vehicle 2 approaching the own vehicle 1, a travel controller 21 controls traveling of the own vehicle 1 such that the collision with the following vehicle 2 or the obstacle detected on the periphery is avoided, to avoid the collision in an area wherein the obstacle on the periphery of the own vehicle does not exist when there is a possibility that the following vehicle 2 collides with the own vehicle from behind. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Rear-end collision avoidance assist system

Abstract: Rear-end collisions occur at higher frequency in Japan. The causes of rear-end collisions were therefore investigated. Accident statistics were used to conduct a statistical traffic accident analysis. Simulation was then used to perform an accident analysis on the basis of those studies. The results suggested that many of these accidents were caused by momentary inattention during daily driving. Research was therefore carried out to determine what kind of collision avoidance assist system would be effective for use at such times. The researched system used warning and brake control. The warning timing was set so that it would not interfere with the driver nor lose its impact as a warning. The result was creation of a system capable of contributing to the reduction of rear-end collisions.

Performance of seating systems in a fmvss no. 301 rear impact crash test

Abstract: Seating systems are designed for occupant comfort as well as for affording occupant protection in various crash modes. FMVSS No. 207 specifies seat performance criteria, of which, one requires that a seat back withstand a minimum of 373 Nm moment measured about the seating reference point. The sufficiency of this requirement has been a source of significant debate. Some researchers believe that the potential hazards from a seat back collapsing in a rear impact include: the inability to control the vehicle in the event of a second impact, ejection of the occupant from the seat and injury to the rear seat occupant when struck by the front seat. In spite of the greater strength of current production seats than FMVSS No. 207 requirements, there are still anecdotal cases of front and rear occupant injuries and fatalities due to seat back collapse. NHTSA has in the past stated that improving seating system performance may be more complex than simply increasing the strength of the seat (57 FR 54958). Seat back force-deflection characteristics and energy management along with occupant interaction with the seat upholstery, head restraint and belt restraints may all play critical roles in mitigation of injuries in rear impacts. This paper examines the performance of original equipment manufacturer (OEM) seat systems in a series of FMVSS No. 301 crash tests of 2002 model year vehicles by using the instrumented 50th percentile male Hybrid III dummy. For the covering abstract see ITRD E825082.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a bus and coach seat during rear end impact by means of sled tests

Abstract: Based on data from statistical accident analysis, buses and coaches are still one of the safest means of transportation. Nevertheless numerous occupants get injured or suffer fatal injuries due to accidents. Although a high proportion of seriously injured casualties happen in accidents where the bus overturns or leaves the road, a large number of injuries are caused due to a normal collision, like a head-on or rear end impact. ECE regulation 80, referring to the strength of seats and their anchorages, was the initial starting point for this investigation. This regulation is limited to seat testing for frontal collisions, while this study deals with the results of testing in the opposite direction. Numerous coaches, especially double decker coaches, also have rearward facing seats and have consequently a different kind of loading to the seat structure. Summarizing, the results of the sled tests show a potential for further improvements in the energy absorption and design of the coach seat structure, to minimise the injury risk in such an accident configuration.

System for preventing a rear-end collision

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for preventing a vehicle from coming too close to a vehicle that is driving ahead, particularly a motor vehicle. To this end, the invention provides that the vehicle driving ahead is equipped with a device for determining the distance from the vehicle following behind and for determining the speed relative to this vehicle that is following behind. In addition, a minimum distance is determined based on the determined distance and relative speed. When this minimum distance is encroached upon, measures are taken in order to prevent a further reduction in the distance for the purpose of preventing a possible rear-end collision.

Canister layout structure

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a canister layout structure enabling arrangement of a canister so as to be hardly affected by a spare tire at the time of rear end collision, by a rear tire at the time of side collision and by a crush zone of a vehicle body, being free from a risk of functional deterioration of the canister. SOLUTION: In the layout structure of the canister 3 absorbing evaporated fuel generated inside a fuel tank 5 by absorbent, the canister 3 is arranged inside a space 2 in an upper part of a rear wheel 1. Therefore, the canister 3 can be efficiently contained and arranged by effectively using the space 2 in the upper part of the rear wheel 1, which has been a dead space in the past. In addition, this layout structure has little risk of damages by the spare tire 4 at the time of rear end collision and of being affected by a rear wheel 1 at the time of side collision. If a collision accident should occur, a risk of fuel leakage to outside along with breakdown of the canister 3 can be reduced. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Shock absorber for protecting human body, baggage in transfer body and the like against rear-end collision of vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a vehicle and a seat, or a transfer body and a baggage, separated in a moment to enable a person's body and the seat, or the baggage, to be received in soft landing upon receiving a collision impact or vibratory impact, so that damage to the person's body due to an accident or to the baggage due to vibration can be reduced. SOLUTION: A vehicle is provided with an impact sensing means, a seat sliding means, and a shock absorbing means relative to the sliding of a seat. According to the vehicle, an impact caused by a rear-end collision is detected by the impact sensing means, which releases a lock on the seat instantly to make the seat slide freely. The free slide of the seat gives an inertial force to the seat and a person's body to make them move, and the sudden stop of their inertial movement by the seat and the seat back is prevented by the shock absorbing means, which receives the person's body together with the seat and the seat back in soft landing. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Tailgating break warning system

Abstract: The Tailgating Break Warning System is a break warning system that prevents a vehicle from following too closely and thereby decreasing the chances of a rear end collision from the vehicle that is following behind. When a vehicle recognizes that the vehicle trailing behind is approaching or following too closely, the person in the vehicle can manually activate the brake lights without actually slowing their vehicle down. Thus the tailgater, thinking the vehicle has slowed down, will brake (or slow down) their own vehicle increasing the distance between the two vehicles.