Showing papers on "Rear-end collision published in 2017"

Modeling Driver Behavior in Dilemma Zone under Mixed Traffic Conditions

Abstract: When signal changes from green to yellow at a signalized intersection, often drivers become skeptical, whether to cross the intersection or stop without entering the intersection. Improper decision might lead to right angle collision or rear end collision. The area in which the drivers are skeptical is termed as dilemma zone or indecision zone. Most of the studies in the literature have investigated the dilemma zone driving behavior in homogeneous traffic conditions, but traffic in developing countries like India is heterogeneous containing various vehicle types, where vehicles vary in their physical dimensions and dynamic characteristics. The main motive of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the driver behavior in dilemma zone at signalized approaches in India under mixed traffic conditions. This study investigated the driver behavior by videotaping 398 driver responses at two signalized intersection approaches with different yellow durations. Binary logistic regression model is developed to represent the driver behavior in mixed traffic conditions. Vehicle type, which is a characteristic of mixed traffic conditions is found to have a significant impact on the driver’s decision process along with the vehicle speed, distance from the stop line and duration of yellow signal.

Effect on driving performance of two visualization paradigms for rear-end collision avoidance

Abstract: Driver assistance systems for rear-end collision avoidance support drivers in their response to specific events. However, reaction time can be affected by the way this information is conveyed. The impact of the location of the warning messages conveyed by two systems, one within the following vehicle and the second in the rear part of the leading vehicle is evaluated in a driving simulator study. Both rear-end collision avoidance systems positively affected the parameters that determine the reaction time for responding to a road incident between vehicles: headway, TTC and deceleration rate. Comparative quantitative results regarding the effectiveness of each proposed system are discussed.

Rear-end collision prevention system and method used for vehicle

Abstract: The invention discloses a rear-end collision prevention system and method used for a vehicle and relates to the field of vehicle safety. The rear-end collision prevention system used for the vehicle comprises an information collection unit, a control unit and an execution unit. The information collection unit is used for collecting the surrounding information of the vehicle, and the surrounding information comprises the lane line information, the front vehicle information and the rear vehicle information. The control unit is used for receiving and processing the information and sending out an execution instruction when a rear dangerous incoming vehicle is judged. The execution unit is used for reminding a driver of the vehicle and a driver of the rear vehicle after receiving the execution instruction. On the premise of security permission, if the driver of the vehicle has no time to respond, the system spaces out the vehicle and the rear vehicle or enables the vehicle to change a lane to avoid rear-end collision of the rear vehicle. The invention further provides the corresponding method. According to the rear-end collision prevention system and method, through the control unit, the driver is timely reminded of paying attention to safe driving or the vehicle is automatically controlled to accelerate or change the lane, and rear-end collision of the rear vehicle is effectively avoided.

Vehicle collision prevention apparatus

Abstract: When a following vehicle approaches a host vehicle, a following vehicle warning unit that issues a warning to the following vehicle on the basis of the likelihood of a front end collision, calculated by a front end collision likelihood calculation unit and the likelihood of a rear end collision, calculated by a rear end collision likelihood calculation unit, issues a warning to the following vehicle before activating a brake apparatus of the host vehicle at a brake force determined by a braking processing determination unit that determines a brake force required to prevent a collision between the host vehicle and a frontward obstruction on the basis of the likelihood of a front end collision.

Preliminary studies of mono-pulse braking haptic displays for rear-end collision warning

Abstract: This paper summarizes two studies of mono-pulse braking for rear-end collision avoidance applications. The first study was a single-vehicle parameter-setting study without a lead vehicle that produced recommended pulse braking display duration and jerk rate. However, results also indicated that pulse braking display magnitude influenced the magnitude of driver braking behavior. A second study examined the impact of this driver interface concept both when a lead vehicle was braking to a stop and when the display came on even though the lead vehicle was not slowing down. The results indicated that in the first case drivers modulated their response according to the constraints of the situation rather than the magnitude of the haptic display. On approximately one-third of false positive trials, brief and mild inappropriate braking responses were recorded.

Mobile terminal-based prompting method for preventing vehicle rear-end collision and mobile terminal

Abstract: The invention discloses a mobile terminal-based prompting method for preventing vehicle rear-end collisions and a mobile terminal. The mobile terminal-based prompting method for preventing the vehicle rear-end collision comprises the following steps: starting a detection procedure by the mobile terminal; detecting vehicle speed and a distance between two vehicles, so as to obtain data of the vehicle speed and/or the distance between the two vehicles; processing the obtained data of the vehicle speed and the distance between the two vehicles, and judging whether a processing result meets an alarming condition or not; when the result meets the alarming condition, giving out a prompting alarm. According to the invention, the mobile terminal is used for carrying out measurement on the real-time vehicle speed and the distance to a vehicle in front of the vehicle, and processing the data, when the mobile terminal judges that a rear-end collision risk exists between the two vehicles, the prompting alarm is given out, and a driver is reminded to drive carefully. According to the method, detection is carried out on a vehicle state based on the mobile terminal device, so that a corresponding device does not need to be additionally mounted on the vehicle, and the cost is reduced. In addition, the mobile terminal is convenient to carry, has no special requirements on the vehicle, and is suitable for various vehicles, and the application field is wide.

Mitigation of rear-end collision risk based on intent inference of preceding car's deceleration behavior

Abstract: Rear-end collisions occasionally cause severe multiple-collision accidents, especially in high-density and high-speed traffic. Avoiding the rear-end collisions is one of the critical issues since this type of collision has been the most significant factor among all types of traffic accident for many years. This research aims to develop a driver assistance system that informs the inferred intention of preceding car's deceleration behavior to the following vehicle through an interface based on a wind shield display (W SD). Assuming four vehicles forming a longitudinal platoon, a system was developed in which the deceleration intent of the 3rd vehicle is inferred and informed to the 4th vehicle driver by the WSD. A driving simulator (DS) experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance including the collision risk of the 4th vehicle with and without the system. A series of the experiments showed that the proposed system was significantly effective to mitigate the collision risk even under emergency deceleration scenarios.

Comparison of Driver Brake Reaction Times to Multimodal Rear-end Collision Warnings

Abstract: This study examined the effectiveness of rear-end collision warnings presented in different sensory modalities as a function of warning timing in a driving simulator. Drivers experienced four warning conditions: no warning, visual, auditory, and tactile. The warnings activated when the time-to-collision (TTC) reached a critical value of 3.0 or 5.0 s TTC. Driver reaction time (RT) was captured from the time the driver crossed the warning activation threshold to brake initiation. Mean driver RT data showed that the tactile warning significantly outperformed the visual warning, providing support for tactile displays as effective rear-end collision warnings.

Study regarding seat’s rigidity during rear end collisions using a MADYMO occupant model

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the effects of different front occupant backseat’s rigidities in the case of a rear end collision using a multibody virtual model of an occupant. Simulation will be conducted in PC Crash, the most common accident reconstruction software using a MADYMO multibody occupant to simulate kinematics and dynamic of the passenger. Different backseat torques will be used to see how this will influence the acceleration in the head and torso of the occupant. Also, a real crash test is made to analyze the kinematics of the occupant. We believe that the softer seat’s rigidity will reduce not only the head’s acceleration but also reduces the effect of „whiplash” upon the neck due to the fact that the backseat will rotate backwards increasing its displacement and absorb some of the energy generated by the collision. Although a softer seat could reduce the head’s acceleration, a broken seat will increase it due to the fact that the impact of the backseat with the vehicle’s rear seats will generate a second collision. So, in order to achieve a lower acceleration, a controlled torque is recommended and a controlled angular displacement of the backseat is to be used.

Rear-end collision early warning method, rear-end collision early warning device and electronic equipment

Abstract: The invention relates to the vehicle safety field, and in particular relates to a rear-end collision early warning method, a rear-end collision early warning device and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring field depth information of an obstacle around a vehicle; calculating distance between a vehicle and the obstacle according to the field depth information; judging that whether rear-end collision danger exists on the vehicle according to the distance; and if the rear-end collision danger exists, giving an alarm. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can remind a driver to pay attention to the obstacle around the vehicle, and occurrence of a rear-end accident is reduced.

Studying the response of drivers against different collision warning systems: a review

Abstract: The number of vehicle accidents is rapidly increasing and causing significant economic losses in many countries. According to the World Health Organization, road accidents will become the fifth major cause of death by the year 2030. To minimize these accidents different types of collision warning systems have been proposed for motor vehicle drivers. These systems can early detect and warn the drivers about the potential danger, up to a certain accuracy. Many researchers study the effectiveness of these systems by using different methods, including Electroencephalography (EEG). From the literature review, it has been observed that, these systems increase the drivers' response and can help to minimize the accidents that may occur due to drivers unconsciousness. For these collision warning systems, tactile early warnings are found more effective as compared to the auditory and visual early warnings. This review also highlights the areas, where further research can be performed to fully analyze the collision warning system. For example, some contradictions are found among researchers, about these systems' performance for drivers within different age groups. Similarly, most of the EEG studies focus on the front collision warning systems and only give beep sound to alert the drivers. Therefore, EEG study can be performed for the rear end collision warning systems, against proper auditory warning messages which indicate the types of hazards. This EEG study will help to design more friendly collision warning system and may save many lives.

Vehicle emergency brake rear-end collision prevention system and vehicle

Abstract: The invention discloses a vehicle emergency brake rear-end collision prevention system and a vehicle. The vehicle emergency brake rear-end collision prevention system comprises a brake sensor, a controller and a brake warning unit, the brake sensor is arranged on a brake unit of the vehicle, the brake sensor monitors whether the brake unit is in an emergency brake working state or not, the brake sensor is in signal connection with the controller so as to transmit a working state signal of the brake unit to the controller, the controller is in signal connection with the brake warning unit, and the brake warning unit is arranged on the rear portion of the vehicle, and when the brake unit is in the emergency braking working state, the controller controls the brake warning unit to act so as to remind people behind the vehicle. The system has the advantages that whether a driver slows down or emergently brakes can be accurately reflected in time, and then a rear vehicle driver is reminded to prevent rear-end collisions.

Study regarding seat’s rigidity during rear end collisions using a MADYMO occupant model

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the effects of different front occupant backseat's rigidities in the case of a rear end collision using a multibody virtual model of an occupant. Simulation will be conducted in PC Crash, the most common accident reconstruction software using a MADYMO multibody occupant to simulate kinematics and dynamic of the passenger. Different backseat torques will be used to see how this will influence the acceleration in the head and torso of the occupant. Also, a real crash test is made to analyze the kinematics of the occupant. We believe that the softer seat's rigidity will reduce not only the head's acceleration but also reduces the effect of "whiplash" upon the neck due to the fact that the backseat will rotate backwards increasing its displacement and absorb some of the energy generated by the collision. Although a softer seat could reduce the head's acceleration, a broken seat will increase it due to the fact that the impact of the backseat with the vehicle's rear seats will generate a second collision. So, in order to achieve a lower acceleration, a controlled torque is recommended and a controlled angular displacement of the backseat is to be used.

Influence of the Headrestrain Position in Case of Rear End Collision and its Effects Upon the Whiplash Phenomenon

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the injury potential in the case or rear end collision of the occupants head and neck by analyzing the distance between the head and headrest using two virtual multibody occupants. For this study, a rear impact was simulated virtually using PC Crash, the most common program used for accident reconstruction. The study was made by using 2 virtual multibody models, a basic multibody occupant included in PC Crash and a MADYMO occupant model. The distance of the headrest to the head varied from being close to the head (at about 110 mm from the normal position) to not using a head rest at all. This will simulate the position of the occupant when driving, while some drivers adapt a more close position to the steering wheel (head being far from the headrest) while others adapt a more relaxed position (head is near the headrest). The angles of the head and neck were measured and compared to medical limitations of them. Also the neck injury criteria (NIC) was calculated to evaluate the injury potential of the head rest distance variation. Keywords— Head restrain, acceleration, whiplash, rear impact, head position, headrest, madymo, multibody

Scenario establishment and simulation analysis for multiple-car rear-end collision accidents:

Abstract: Multiple-car rear-end collision accidents can be divided into three categories: sequential collision from the rear; sequential collision from the front; mixed-order collision. In this study, a tota...

Method for avoiding a rear-end collision between a first vehicle and a second vehicle and control unit

Abstract: A method for avoiding a rear-end collision between a first vehicle and a second vehicle, in which a distance value is initially read in, which represents a distance, which is detected by a distance sensor of the first vehicle, between the first vehicle and the second vehicle. In particular, the first vehicle is located ahead of the second vehicle in a travel direction of the second vehicle. Using the distance value, a control signal is thereupon generated for controlling the first vehicle to avoid the rear-end collision.

Effectiveness of a post-crash braking system in rear-end collisions in Japan

Abstract: Twenty-eight percent of traffic accidents in Japan are rear-end collisions, and of these, 13% are multiple collisions (three or more vehicles and/or roadside objects). A post-crash braking system enables the driver to stop the vehicle in a short distance after a rear-end collision to prevent secondary collisions. In this study, the effectiveness of a post-crash braking system was examined using a drive recorder database. In 64% of rear-end collisions, the driver’s braking was interrupted after the collision. The stopping distance was estimated with time data from the drive recorder. We predict that the brake assist would be effective in preventing secondary collisions in 21% of cases.

Automobile rear-end collision prevention warning and automatic deceleration system

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to an automobile rear-end collision prevention warning and automatic deceleration system. An active control unit can display information collected by a datum storage unit through a signal display unit; the active control unit can control an oil supply control device and a brake control device through an execution unit and display control results through a red warning lamp and an instrument panel; an automatic detection device can automatically detect the datum storage unit, the active control unit and the signal display unit, so that the problem of the system is effectively prevented; by using the system, the potential safety hazard in vehicle driving is effectively reduced, and safety of vehicle driving is improved; and in addition, the automobile rear-end collision prevention warning and automatic deceleration system is reasonable in structural design, convenient and reliable to use and suitable for being used and popularized.

Safety analyses of different intelligent vehicle driving mode on freeway

Abstract: The intelligent vehicle gives more convenience to our lives and safety is the foundation for intelligent vehicle application. This paper compares safety of automated individual vehicle with and without cooperation function, platooned vehicles considering the rear end collision frequency and severity on freeway. In platooned vehicles, we also compared different driving modes by changing the inter vehicle spacing and number of vehicles in platoon. In this study, the different driving modes are compared under the same freeway capacity.

Effect of reactive car seats and active head restraint system in rear-end collision and safety mechanisms to reduce whiplash injuries

Abstract: A car seat should be designed in such a way to reduce occupant acceleration in rearward and rebound motion so that minimum neck abrupt motion and neck forces occur. The reactive car seats have become quite popular by automatic reclining mechanism and its ability to reduce injuries in rear impacts. An example is the Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS), which absorbs crash energy by controlled motion of the seat. A car seat without an Active Head Restraint (AHR) system exhibits poor performance in low-speed rear impacts. According to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) test procedures, the Neck injury criteria (Nij) typically exceeds the limiting injury values without an AHR system. The AHR system can recognize rear collision and adjust the head restraint with respect to the motion of occupant's head. The goal of this study is to develop a reactive car seat system, which would reduce the neck motion of an occupant in rear collisions, and to develop a seat with an Active Head Restraint system. In this thesis, the LSDYNA non-linear finite element (FE) solver is utilized to analyze the structural crash response of different cars and obtain the acceleration pulses. The MADYMO biodynamics code is then used to design the car seat interior model, and to examine the occupant neck responses and kinematics of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy model as well as a human model. The results are compared to achieve optimum head restraint position and seatback angle, which reduce neck loads and bending moments. The reactive car seat systems and the Active head restraint systems are further examined to identify the optimum seat design to reduce neck injuries. The results from this study show that a seat with reclining properties and most suitable position of seatback and head restraint, considerably reduces the neck extension motion of an occupant in the car. The results also demonstrate that, whiplash injuries with an AHR system are much less expected, when compared to the seat system with a normal head restraint.

Vehicle rear -end collision preventing system

Abstract: The utility model relates to a vehicle rear -end collision preventing system, including the laser range finder that installs central control module on every car, be used for to record actual range between current car and the potential danger vehicle, be used for acquireing the GPS module of real -time position, the brake sensor who is used for acquireing real - time speed's speed sensor and is used for acquireing the brake singal, laser range finder, GPS module, speed sensor and brake sensor all connect central control module's input, central control module's output is connected the early warning module and is brakied the module, it is mutually mutual to pass through wireless module between the central control module of current automobile and potential danger vehicle The utility model discloses can obtain the distance information between ben che and the potential danger vehicle, the initiative is applied the brake, and the collision accident that prevents to knock into the back takes place, guarantees vehicle safety

Safety car capable of significantly reducing primary and secondary injuries and deaths of occupants during head-on and rear-end collision accidents

Abstract: A safety car capable of significantly reducing primary and secondary injuries and deaths of occupants during head-on and rear-end collision accidents is characterized by comprising a car body and a passive safety system naturally formed by novel front and rear safety beams, safety belts and safety airbags, wherein the novel front and rear safety beams are connected and supported by longitudinal beams; and the front safety beam and the rear safety beam are connected as a whole by the longitudinal beams and then oppositely connected to the newly introduced car body to form the safety car equipped with the novel safety beams with 15 kinds of standard energy absorption (4-5% energy absorption ratio) corresponding to 15 kinds of series of vehicle types. Therefore, during the head-on and rear-end collision accidents with intermediate and high speed, the front and rear safety beams mounted at the front and rear of a car can be used to eliminate or reduce the primary injuries of a driver and the occupants, and the safety belts mounted on seats of the car and safety airbags mounted in front of the seats can be used to eliminate or reduce the secondary injuries of the driver and the occupants, so that the overall safety of the car can be significantly enhanced.

A computational methodology for evaluation of the structural damage to a car and its occupant response for the new FMVSS 301R regulation as well as for various real-world rear-end collision scenarios

Abstract: Due to requirements and continuous design improvement in automobile industries, it has become mandatory to keep passenger car and seating in automobile to safest at the time of a crash collisions. Although the rear-end collision stand third among all the different four collision types, the injuries on passenger after such collision are about one-third of all collisions. This indicates that improvement of passenger compartment crashworthiness features in rear collision is a mandatory goal for automobiles companies. In recent years, computer-aided engineering tool have become great success as the usage of such tools will not only significantly reduce the cost of performing real crash test, but also saves a lot of time. This thesis is mainly concentrated on the evaluation of structural damage to a small compact car in different possible rear end collision scenarios, then evaluation of responses and potential injuries of occupant with head restraint versus without head restraint. To achieve this, simulations are performed in the LS-DYNA with finite element (FE) models, rigid barrier as well as deformable barrier according to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 301R Fuel System Integrity regulations. Based on the acceleration obtained at the driver seat of target small vehicle, cabin environment which resembles driver seat is designed in MADYMO with five rigid bodies and with a FE model of the safety belt. A Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy model is placed in the seat, and the occupant responses are examined with input acceleration obtained from the earlier FE model rear end collision simulations. In addition to this rear collision configuration, rear offset collision, rear oblique collision and oblique offset collision are also modelled in software and examined. The results obtained from this study illustrate the difference in the structural damage and injury potential to the car occupant in rear-end collision between the new and old FMVSS 301 regulations, as well as different rear end collision scenarios.

Method for operating a motor vehicle

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating a first motor vehicle, in which rear sensor values are captured from a second motor vehicle following the first motor vehicle A brake pedal of the first motor vehicle is monitored for actuation A risk value for a rear end collision is determined in response to detected actuation by evaluating the captured sensor values The risk value determined is compared with a threshold value, and an alarm signal is generated in response to the threshold value being exceeded

Vision-based distance measurement, rear-end collision early warning and on-board safety vehicle device

Abstract: The invention discloses a vision-based distance measurement, rear-end collision early warning and on-board safety vehicle device, which comprises a camera distance measurement module installed on a vehicle front bumper, and a CPU processor, a positioning module, an alcohol detection module, a message sending module, a storage module, a wireless communication module, a display module and a voice alarm module which are installed in a vehicle. The vision-based distance measurement, rear-end collision early warning and on-board safety vehicle device has the beneficial effects that the gas alcohol concentration in the vehicle can be detected, and thus drunken driving is decreased; the distance and speed are measured, the identity of the vehicle ahead is recognized and the communication is built, and thus drivers of the both sides are reminded of paying attention to driving safety; and positioning data and driving information of the vehicle per se are recorded in real time, the driver of the vehicle ahead can be reminded of taking an appropriate measure to avoid in real time, the effect of two-way defense is achieved, and the driving safety is effectively improved.

Novel method of prevention of rear-end collision of double-track rail traffic and locomotive

Abstract: Double-track rail traffic refers to rail traffic where vehicles in each track only travel in the same direction (like a double track) According to the method, by means of a radio frequency identification technology (RFID), a computer technology, a software technology, a data communication technology and the like, through dynamic precise control over the distance between a front vehicle and an adjacent rear vehicle, the speed difference between the front vehicle and the rear vehicle, speed control with a computer and the like, a vehicle rear-end collision of the double-track rail traffic is effectively eradicated, and the safety coefficient of track traffic is improved (which is applicable to all vehicles of the double-track rail traffic), so that the safe distance and departure interval between the front vehicle and the adjacent rear vehicle are greatly shortened, and the transport capacity is improved; for example, as for a subway and an elevated urban subway, the departure interval between the front vehicle and the rear vehicle can be greatly shortened (the departure interval can be shortened to 1 minute or even shorter), it can be ensured that a rear-end collision does not occur, the transport capacity is improved, the phenomenon that the subway and urban subway stations are overcrowded can be reduced, probable safety accidents due to a large population at the stations are reduced or relieved, traffic pressure on the ground is effectively relieved, and economic benefits and social benefits are improved Moreover, a safety control signal system can be greatly simplified, and the costs of a track project and a locomotive are reduced

Headrest for prevention of damage caused by rear-end collision of vehicle and its control method

Abstract: The present invention relates to a headrest for prevention of damage caused by a rear-end collision of a vehicle and a control method thereof. When it is detected that a distance with users vehicle becomes close within a predetermined distance and a speed becomes high or more than a predetermined speed by detecting a close distance and a speed of a rear vehicle, correspondingly, a central air cell of a head rear portion and both side air cells in both side directions of a head expand. Therefore, left and right movement of a passenger head can be subsidiarily supported, and a shock is absorbed to promote safety of a passenger.