Rear-end collision

About: Rear-end collision is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 618 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5666 citations. The topic is also known as: shunt.

UK cost-benefit analysis: enhanced geometric requirements for vehicle head restraints

Abstract: No regulatory test exists in Europe to assess injury risk in rear impacts. A number of vehicle accident and occupant injury studies indicate that low-speed rear impacts can lead to neck and back injuries causing long-termdisablement and discomfort. These injuries are usually classified as having a low threat to life, but they are often associated with large societalcosts. It is thought that design changes to seat systems and/or head restraints to improve their use and the occupant protection they offer could make a positive impact in mitigating injuries from rear impacts. Test procedures to assess the performance of seat and head restraint systems are being developed currently. As a first stage in the mitigation of injuries in low-speed rear impacts a static test of head restraint geometry is being developed by the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) Working Group 20 ‘Rear Impact’. This report examines the cost-benefit ratio of controlling head restraint height and head restraint backset. Benefits are based on UK accident data the DfT willingness to pay model. The cost of long-term whiplash injuries to front seat occupants in the UK was estimated tobe approximately £3 billion pounds annually, and potential casualty savings were calculated as a proportion of this cost. Injury mitigation and cost-benefit graphs were provided for different potential height and backset requirements, from which thresholds for each can be chosen. It should be noted that a static geometric head restraint requirement is a first step inmitigating low-speed rear impact injuries, and additional benefit may result from appropriate dynamic seat testing. (A)

Development and Evaluations of Advanced Emergency Braking System Algorithm for the Commercial Vehicle

Abstract: This paper presents a development and evaluations of the Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS) Algorithm for the commercial vehicle. The AEBS is the system to slow the vehicle and mitigate the severity of an impact when a rear end collision probability is increased. To mitigate a rear end collision of the commercial heavy truck, the AEBS comprises of a millimeter wave radar sensor, CCD camera and vehicle parameters of which are processed to judge the likelihood of a collision occurring. If the likelihood of a rear end collision with an obstacle is judged as probable, warning signals are provided to alert the driver by the AEBS algorithm. If driver fail to react to the warnings when the collision likelihood is judged as being high, the AEBS algorithm applies autonomous braking in order to reduce the impact speed. To demonstrate the control performance of the proposed AEBS algorithm’s, longitudinal vehicle model of the commercial target vehicle was developed by using the real vehicle’s test data and vehicle dynamics. Also, closed-loop simulation of the AEBS was conducted. In order to indicate the safety level of the driving situation, new safety indexes are suggested. From the simulation result and analysis using this safety indexes, it is shown that proposed AEBS algorithm can enhance the commercial heavy truck's longitudinal safety in the dangerous driving situation which can be occurred rear-end collision. INTRODUCTION Road safety is a major concern in most countries and the attention is turning towards active safety system that is not only developed to reduce the consequences of accidents but also to reduce the number of driver errors and thereby the number of accidents. In case of Korea, there is the unenviable record being one of the highest traffic accidents and fatality rates. In 2009, there were 5,838 fatalities on the road.[1] Therefore, a new and systematic approach to safety system is necessary to reduce traffic casualties. In this point of view, an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system for the passenger vehicle had entered the market to mitigate the consequences of an accident and to reduce the number of fatalities among car occupants. Especially, with truck-related accidents are made up a relatively large part of all road fatalities. In 1998 heavy goods vehicles were involved in 17% of all road accident fatalities despite making up just 7% of the traffic on the roads of Great Britain[2]. Also, according to Swedish and European authorities, approximately 13000 lives are lost in Europe yearly in traffic accidents involving Heavy Goods Vehicles. 40% of these fatalities are unprotected road users, 6% are truck drivers, and 54% are drivers and passengers of cars.[3] Hence, an Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEBS) for trucks is able to not only decrease the truck-related accidents, but also lead the reduction of road fatalities. [4] To assure real road safety improvements by the AEBS, the relationship between changes with and without of the AEBS in the same driving situation

Rear-end collision prevention system of rail train

Abstract: The utility model discloses a rear-end collision prevention system of a rail train, which is characterized by comprising a locomotive and rails. The locomotive comprises a remote transmitting radio station mounted on a train head, a master control module, a speed sensor, another remote transmitting radio station mounted on a train tail and a rail number transmitting module. Each rail consists of a group of roadside rail changing identifier nodes which are mounted on track sleepers and used for differentiating train driving directions and reporting the vehicle driving directions to the master control module. The rear-end collision prevention system can automatically obtain the distance between trains on the same rails in a high-density and fast railway operation network, reports the distance to train operating personnel, simplifies work procedures of the operating personnel, helps the operating personnel to timely obtain effective and correct information, greatly reduces probability of rear-end collision of railway trains, and improves safety of railway traffic.

Crashworthiness optimisation of A-pillar in passenger car in rear-end collision with truck

Abstract: Rear-end collisions between cars and trucks are of great concern to society because of their high casualty rate. Improving the safety of passengers during these collisions is a significant issue. This paper aims to optimise the crashworthiness of the A-pillar area of a car according to the collision form based on the finite-element model of the car–truck rear-end collision. Through the optimisation process, the value and speed of the intrusion into the A-pillar were selected as the evaluation assessment indicators, and the optimisation design was conducted from two viewpoints: the material selection and stiffness match. As a result of the optimisation, the maximum intrusion of the A-pillar of the car was reduced by 33.19%, and the intrusion speed was reduced by 46.98% without increasing the body mass of the car. These results indicate that the crashworthiness of the car was improved effectively; thus, the occupant casualty risk was reduced. They suggest a feasible path for the crashworthiness impr...