Topic
Receptor antagonist
About: Receptor antagonist is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13750 publications have been published within this topic receiving 528305 citations. The topic is also known as: receptor antagonism & receptor antagonist.
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TL;DR: This work used Drosophila melanogaster larvae to develop a high-throughput whole organism screen for drugs that modulate food intake and identified the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) receptor antagonist metitepine as a potent anorectic drug.
Abstract: Dysregulation of eating behavior can lead to obesity, which affects 10% of the adult population worldwide and accounts for nearly 3 million deaths every year. Despite this burden on society, we currently lack effective pharmacological treatment options to regulate appetite. We used Drosophila melanogaster larvae to develop a high-throughput whole organism screen for drugs that modulate food intake. In a screen of 3630 small molecules, we identified the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) receptor antagonist metitepine as a potent anorectic drug. Using cell-based assays we show that metitepine is an antagonist of all five Drosophila 5-HT receptors. We screened fly mutants for each of these receptors and found that serotonin receptor 5-HT2A is the sole molecular target for feeding inhibition by metitepine. These results highlight the conservation of molecular mechanisms controlling appetite and provide a method for unbiased whole-organism drug screens to identify novel drugs and molecular pathways modulating food intake.
2,329 citations
TL;DR: The recent cloning of a naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) has opened new experimental and clinical approaches and reduced the severity of diseases such as hemodynamic shock, lethal sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, experimental arthritis, and the spontaneous proliferation of human leukemic cells.
2,307 citations
TL;DR: The phenotypic changes of cardiac cells in response to Ang II in vitro closely mimic those of growth factor response in vitro and of load-induced hypertrophy in vivo, and all biological effects of Ang II examined here are mediated primarily by the AT1 receptors.
Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that angiotensin II (Ang II) may act as a growth factor for the heart. However, direct effects of Ang II on mammalian cardiac cells (myocytes and nonmyocytes), independent of secondary hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects, have not been well characterized. Therefore, we analyzed the molecular phenotype of cultured cardiac cells from neonatal rats in response to Ang II. In addition, we examined the effects of selective Ang II receptor subtype antagonists in mediating the biological effects of Ang II. In myocyte culture, Ang II caused an increase in protein synthesis without changing the rate of DNA synthesis. In contrast, Ang II induced increases in protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell number in nonmyocyte cultures (mostly cardiac fibroblasts). The Ang II-induced hypertrophic response of myocytes and mitogenic response of fibroblasts were mediated primarily by the AT1 receptor. Ang II caused a rapid induction of many immediate-early genes (c-fos, c-jun, jun B, Egr-1, and c-myc) in myocyte and nonmyocyte cultures. Ang II induced "late" markers for cardiac hypertrophy, skeletal alpha-actin and atrial natriuretic factor expression, within 6 hours in myocytes. Ang II also caused upregulation of the angiotensinogen gene and transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene within 6 hours. Induction of immediate-early genes, late genes, and growth factor genes by Ang II was fully blocked by an AT1 receptor antagonist but not by an AT2 receptor antagonist. These results indicate that: (1) Ang II causes hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and mitogenesis of cardiac fibroblasts, (2) the phenotypic changes of cardiac cells in response to Ang II in vitro closely mimic those of growth factor response in vitro and of load-induced hypertrophy in vivo, (3) all biological effects of Ang II examined here are mediated primarily by the AT1 receptor subtype, and (4) Ang II may initiate a positive-feedback regulation of cardiac hypertrophic response by inducing the angiotensinogen gene and transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene.
1,413 citations
TL;DR: Three interleukin-1 inhibitors have been purified to homogeneity from medium conditioned by human monocytes and partial sequence analysis and digestion with N-glycanase indicate that these are glycosylation forms of a single protein.
Abstract: Three interleukin-1 inhibitors have been purified to homogeneity from medium conditioned by human monocytes. Partial sequence analysis and digestion with N-glycanase indicate that these are glycosylation forms of a single protein. The protein binds to the interleukin-1 receptor but has no interleukin-1-like activity, even at very high concentrations, and is therefore a pure receptor antagonist.
1,153 citations
TL;DR: Human monocytes induced with adherent IgG secrete an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist which could be important for the in vivo regulation of IL-1 activity and analysis of monocyte RNA indicates that the gene is transcriptionally regulated.
Abstract: Human monocytes induced with adherent IgG secrete an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist which could be important for the in vivo regulation of IL-1 activity. A complementary DNA for this molecule has been isolated from a human monocyte library. Analysis of monocyte RNA indicates that the gene is transcriptionally regulated. The sequence of the receptor antagonist indicates that it is structurally similar to IL-1 beta. Expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli yields IL-1 receptor antagonist activity.
1,115 citations