Topic
Receptor expression
About: Receptor expression is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 14049 publications have been published within this topic receiving 581502 citations.
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TL;DR: Co-inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, have an important role in regulating T cell responses and have proven to be effective targets in the setting of chronic diseases where constitutive co- inhibitory receptor expression on T cells dampens effector T-cell responses.
1,392 citations
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TL;DR: The biological profile of BLyS suggests it is involved in monocyte-driven B cell activation, and its expression on human monocytes could be up-regulated by interferon-gamma.
Abstract: The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of cytokines includes both soluble and membrane-bound proteins that regulate immune responses. A member of the human TNF family, BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator), was identified that induced B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. BLyS expression on human monocytes could be up-regulated by interferon-γ. Soluble BLyS functioned as a potent B cell growth factor in costimulation assays. Administration of soluble recombinant BLyS to mice disrupted splenic B and T cell zones and resulted in elevated serum immunoglobulin concentrations. The B cell tropism of BLyS is consistent with its receptor expression on B-lineage cells. The biological profile of BLyS suggests it is involved in monocyte-driven B cell activation.
1,201 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that the extracellular domain of Nogo (Nogo-66) inhibits axonal extension, but does not alter non-neuronal cell morphology, and a multivalent form of the N terminus of Noga-A affects the morphology of both neurons and other cell types.
Abstract: Nogo has been identified as a component of the central nervous system (CNS) myelin that prevents axonal regeneration in the adult vertebrate CNS. Analysis of Nogo-A has shown that an axon-inhibiting domain of 66 amino acids is expressed at the extracellular surface and at the endoplasmic reticulum lumen of transfected cells and oligodendrocytes. The acidic amino terminus of Nogo-A is detected at the cytosolic face of cellular membranes and may contribute to inhibition of axon regeneration at sites of oligodendrocyte injury. Here we show that the extracellular domain of Nogo (Nogo-66) inhibits axonal extension, but does not alter non-neuronal cell morphology. In contrast, a multivalent form of the N terminus of Nogo-A affects the morphology of both neurons and other cell types. Here we identify a brain-specific, leucine-rich-repeat protein with high affinity for soluble Nogo-66. Cleavage of the Nogo-66 receptor and other glycophosphatidylinositol-linked proteins from axonal surfaces renders neurons insensitive to Nogo-66. Nogo-66 receptor expression is sufficient to impart Nogo-66 axonal inhibition to unresponsive neurons. Disruption of the interaction between Nogo-66 and its receptor provides the potential for enhanced recovery after human CNS injury.
1,132 citations
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TL;DR: The role of two important family members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Erbb) family is re-evaluate, the mechanisms of action are explored and preclinical and clinical data for new therapies that target signalling through these pivotal receptors are explored.
Abstract: Aberrant receptor expression or functioning of the epidermal growth factor receptor (Erbb) family plays a crucial part in the development and evolution of cancer. Inhibiting the signalling activity of individual receptors in this family has advanced the treatment of a range of human cancers. In this Review we re-evaluate the role of two important family members, ERBB2 (also known as HER2) and ERBB3 (also known as HER3), and explore the mechanisms of action and preclinical and clinical data for new therapies that target signalling through these pivotal receptors. These new therapies include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody-chemotherapy conjugates, heat-shock protein inhibitors and antibodies that interfere with the formation of ERBB2-ERBB3 dimers.
1,091 citations
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TL;DR: Mechanisms by which LPA production or action could be modulated for cancer therapy are indicated.
Abstract: The bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates cell proliferation, migration and survival by acting on its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors. Aberrant LPA production, receptor expression and signalling probably contribute to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. The recent identification of ecto-enzymes that mediate the production and degradation of LPA, as well as the development of receptor-selective analogues, indicate mechanisms by which LPA production or action could be modulated for cancer therapy.
1,074 citations